speak japanese with confidence

Speak Japanese with confi dence Helen Gilhooly 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd i100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd i 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 Credits Front cover: George Doyle/© Stockbyte/Getty Images Back cover: © Jakub Semeniuk/iStockphoto.com, © Royalty-Free/Corbis, © agencyby/iStockphoto.com, © Andy Cook/iStockphoto.com, © Christopher Ewing/iStockphoto.com, © zebicho – Fotolia.com, © Geoffrey Holman/iStockphoto.com, ©Photodisc/Getty Images, © James C. Pruitt/iStockphoto.com, © Mohamed Saber – Fotolia.com For UK order enquiries: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB. Telephone: +44 (0) 1235 827720. Fax: +44 (0) 1235 400454. Lines are open 09.00–17.00, Monday to Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. Details about our titles and how to order are available at www.teachyourself.com For USA order enquiries: please contact McGraw-Hill Customer Services, PO Box 545, Blacklick, OH 43004-0545, USA. Telephone: 1-800-722-4726. Fax: 1-614-755-5645. For Canada order enquiries: please contact McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd, 300 Water St, Whitby, Ontario L1N 9B6, Canada. Telephone: 905 430 5000. Fax: 905 430 5020. Long renowned as the authoritative source for self-guided learning – with more than 50 million copies sold worldwide – the teach yourself series includes over 500 titles in the fi elds of languages, crafts, hobbies, business, computing and education. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data: a catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: on fi le. First published in UK 2005 as Teach Yourself Japanese Conversation by Hodder Education, part of Hachette UK, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH. First published in US 2005 as Teach Yourself Japanese Conversation by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. This edition published 2010. The teach yourself name is a registered trade mark of Hodder Headline. Copyright © 2005, 2010 Helen Gilhooly In UK: All rights reserved. Apart from any permitted use under UK copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information, storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. In US: All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Typeset by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire. Printed in the UK for Hodder Education, an Hachette UK Company, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH. The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher and the author have no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content will remain relevant, decent or appropriate. Hachette UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. Impression number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Year 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd ii100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd ii 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 iiiContents Contents Track listing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Only got a minute? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Only got fi ve minutes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Only got ten minutes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Conversation 1: Introductions and greetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Part 1: Arriving at the airport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Part 2: Meeting and greeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Conversation 2: Making phone calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Part 1: Receiving a message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Part 2: Speaking on the phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Conversation 3: Eating out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Part 1: In a co ee shop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Part 2: In a Japanese restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Conversation 4: Shopping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Part 1: Buying a camera fi lm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Part 2: Buying Japanese souvenirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Conversation 5: Buying food and drink to take home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Part 1: In the food hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Part 2: Buying Japanese rice wine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Conversation 6: Asking for directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Part 1: Where is Tokyo station?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Part 2: Where is the Meiji Shrine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Conversation 7: Sightseeing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Part 1: Visiting a famous shrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Part 2: Looking around Tokyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Conversation 8: Feeling ill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Part 1: Saying what’s wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Part 2: Going to the pharmacist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Conversation 9: On the move. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Part 1: Taking the bullet train . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Part 2: Finding the right platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Conversation 10: Visiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Part 1: Welcome to my home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Part 2: Having something to eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd iii100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd iii 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 iv CD3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Survival phrases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Arriving at the airport – spoken at normal speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Arriving at the airport – version 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Exchanging business cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Air stewardess announcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Speaking on the phone – spoken at normal speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Making phone calls – version 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 A more formal phone conversation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Answerphone message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 In a Japanese restaurant – spoken at normal speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 In a Japanese restaurant – version 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Business lunch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Fast food restaurant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Buying Japanese souvenirs – spoken at normal speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Buying Japanese souvenirs – version 2 (with honorifi c language) . . . . . . . . . . .44 Shopping – version 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Number practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Department store announcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 In the food hall – spoken at normal speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 In the food hall – version 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 The fi sh market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Where is the Meiji Shrine? – spoken at normal speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Asking for directions – version 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Asking for directions – version 3, with casual Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Sightseeing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 More on the weather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Weather forecast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Feeling ill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Feeling ill – version 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Feeling ill – casual Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Taking the bullet train – version 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 The speaking clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Train announcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Welcome to my home – casual Japanese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Cultural information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Listening skills: Survival phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Japanese–English glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 English–Japanese glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Essential vocabulary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Subject index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd iv100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd iv 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 vTrack listing Track listing CD1 Track 1: Introduction Tracks 2–10: Conversation 1: Introductions and greetings Tracks 11–17: Conversation 2: Making phone calls Tracks 18–24: Conversation 3: Eating out Tracks 25–31: Conversation 4: Shopping Tracks 32–8: Conversation 5: Buying food and drink to take home CD2 Tracks 1–7: Conversation 6: Asking for directions Tracks 8–14: Conversation 7: Sightseeing Tracks 15–21: Conversation 8: Feeling ill Tracks 22–8: Conversation 9: On the move Tracks 29–35: Conversation 10: Visiting CD3 Track 1: Introduction and survival phrases Tracks 2–5: Conversation 1: Introductions and greetings Tracks 6–9: Conversation 2: Making phone calls Tracks 10–13: Conversation 3: Eating out Tracks 14–18: Conversation 4: Shopping Tracks 19–21: Conversation 5: Buying food and drink to take home Tracks 22–4: Conversation 6: Asking for directions Tracks 25–7: Conversation 7: Sightseeing Tracks 28–30: Conversation 8: Feeling ill Tracks 31–3: Conversation 9: On the move Track 34: Conversation 10: Visiting Track 35: Congratulations! Recorded at Alchemy Studios, London. Cast: Masashi Fujimoto, Megumi Kubota, Eiji Kusuhara, Sarah Sherborne, You-ri Yamanaka. 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd v100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd v 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 Profi cient User: TY Level 6 CEFR LEVEL C2 Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. Can summarise information from di erent spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fl uently and precisely, di erentiating fi ner shades of meaning even in more complex situations. TY Level 5 CEFR LEVEL C1 Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. Can express him/herself fl uently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language fl exibly and e ectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices. Independent User TY Level 4 CEFR LEVEL B2 (A Level) Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her fi eld of specialisation. Can interact with a degree of fl uency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. TY Level 3 CEFR LEVEL B1 (Higher GCSE) Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions and briefl y give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. Basic User TY Level 2 CEFR LEVEL A2: (Foundation GCSE) Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need. TY Level 1 CEFR LEVEL A1 Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type. Can introduce him/herself and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where he/she lives, people he/she knows and things he/she has. Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help. © Council of Europe. www.coe.int/lang. Extract reproduced with the permission of the Council of Europe, Strasbourg “Global scale” of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR) 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd vi100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd vi 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 1Introduction Introduction Speak Japanese with confi dence is a three-CD audio course designed to get you speaking in Japanese whether you are a beginner or have learned some Japanese before and want to build up your confi dence to speak. I have designed the course so that with only relatively small amounts of vocabulary and grammar structures you can say what you need to say in a number of everyday situations including meeting and greeting, shopping and eating, travelling and sightseeing. I have found in my many years of teaching Japanese that students can understand and retain lots of written language and explanations – passive learning – but feel much less confi dent when they have to speak out loud and put all their learning into meaningful conversations – active learning. CDs 1 and 2 are designed to push you into action – you will begin each topic by learning new vocabulary and grammar explanations and will immediately put these into practice by listening to and taking part in conversations. I have designed CD 3 to help you sharpen your listening skills. You may have managed to ask a perfect Japanese question but will you understand the answer? People often panic because they cannot understand every word but actually you need to train yourself to pick out the important information. This is especially so with Japanese where you might hear a range of sentence endings depending on the politeness level of the speaker but the key information (the time, a direction, a price) will still be embedded within it. CD3 will teach you techniques to keep your cool and hone in on that all-important key information. You will fi nd Speak Japanese with confi dence immediately useful whether you are planning a trip to Japan or you just want the personal satisfaction of speaking Japanese confi dently. Gambatte kudasai! Good luck! 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd 1100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd 1 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 2 Only got a minute? Everyone says Japanese is a di cult language to learn so it must be, musn’t it? Let me reassure you. There are aspects of the Japanese language that are surprisingly straightforward: There is no masculine and feminine in Japanese and most words don’t have a plural. Verb endings remain the same regardless of who does the action: kaimasu can mean I buy, he buys or we buy. There are only two main tenses – the past and the present/future: kaimasu covers buy and will buy, kaimashita means bought. Pronunciation is relatively easy and very regular. So you aren’t going to be grappling with a lot of complex grammar rules when you start learning Japanese. Of course, much of the vocabulary is new but even in this aspect there is a pleasant surprise – the Japanese language has always been a great ‘word borrower’ and it is rich with loan words from English, for example, aisukurīmu (ice cream), kompyūtā (computer). 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd 2100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd 2 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 3Only got a minute? Even if you have never studied Japanese before, because of the huge economic and cultural infl uence that Japan has had worldwide you will almost certainly already be familiar with many Japanese words and terms such as: karaoke, origami, sumō, sushi, manga. There are more challenging aspects to learning Japanese but this is the case when you learn any language and it is often these challenges that give the greatest satisfaction. And you certainly won’t be alone in your quest to master Japanese – about 3 million people worldwide are currently learning Japanese. Speak Japanese with confi dence aims to help you to interact with Japanese people through a range of everyday situations. The course will focus on your needs as a beginner and by the end you will feel confi dent to speak and understand Japanese in a number of practical situations. 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd 3100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd 3 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 4 5 Only got fi ve minutes? Japanese is spoken by 126 million people around the world. There are a large number of Japanese speakers in North and South America, and it is the second language of older Chinese and Korean people who either live in Japan or had to learn Japanese during the occupation of their countries. And with Japan’s rapid worldwide industrial growth from the 1970s onwards, people around the world are keen to learn Japanese. It is the fi fth most popular foreign language in the USA, the fi rst modern foreign language on the curriculum in many Australian and New Zealand secondary schools and a popular non-European language in secondary schools in the UK. Currently about 3 million people, including 2 million Chinese, are learning Japanese around the world. Is Japanese a diffi cult language? A popular perception is that Japanese is very diffi cult and people will always be impressed when you tell them you are learning Japanese. Of course, it would be misleading to say it does not have any diffi cult elements and it is generally held that it takes about fi ve years to reach a similar level in Japanese as you would in three years in a European language. However (and you may wish to keep this secret so that you can keep on impressing your friends and colleagues!), there are some features of the Japanese language that make it very simple and logical, especially when you compare it with the irregularities of the English language. Here are three of those features: 1 Regular grammar rules • There is no masculine and feminine in Japanese and most words don’t have a specifi c plural. • There is no conjugation of verbs so the verb ending remains the same regardless of who does the action. For example, I go, he goes and so forth are all covered by ikimasu in Japanese. 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd 4100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE.indd 4 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 [...]... tabemasu (I eat meat) the subject (watashi) is marked with particle wa and the object (niku) is followed by particle o • There is a very wide vocabulary with the influences of China, Korea and the West adding to the rich tapestry of words which make up the Japanese language The aim of Speak Japanese with confidence is to help you to interact with Japanese people through a range of everyday and useful... able to communicate in Japanese and a strong chance of coming into contact with Japanese speakers either in Japan or elsewhere in the world In 8 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE. indd 8 11/05/2010 14:17 fact, since the 1970s and in line with Japanese industrial growth abroad, more and more people around the world have begun to learn Japanese as a foreign language, especially in countries around the Pacific Rim... confident to speak and understand Japanese in a number of practical situations Only got a minute? got five minutes? Only 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE. indd 7 7 11/05/2010 14:17 10 Only got ten minutes? Why should I learn Japanese? You are probably reading this because you are seriously considering taking up Japanese or indeed perhaps you are learning it already You may well have been told by people that Japanese. .. ancient Polynesian explorations Chinese and Japanese languages do not share any common origins but the Japanese writing system originated in China and China has had a very important influence on Japanese culture Speaking Japanese I’ve said that it is relatively straightforward to pronounce Japanese It is not a tonal language (unlike Chinese) and every syllable in Japanese is given equal stress, whereas... or standard Japanese (based on the Tokyo dialect) alongside any local dialect One dialect which is still widely used today is the Kansai dialect (includes the cities of Kyoto and Osaka) An example of this is the word okini meaning thank you (in standard Japanese the word is arigatō) What will Speak Japanese with confidence offer me? The aim of this course is to help you to interact with Japanese people... the Japanese 6 English is the first foreign language taught in Japanese schools but many Japanese are not confident about using it despite the fact that many Japanese people need to work and live abroad for at least part of their working career or at least communicate with foreign business people and companies So when we consider these facts, there is clearly a need to be able to communicate in Japanese. .. fascination Let’s now consider four of the more challenging aspects of the Japanese language – sentence structure, levels of speech, written Japanese and the vocabulary: Sentence structure • Japanese sentence order has the basic pattern of SOV (subject object verb) with the verb spoken at the end of the sentence, like German 10 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE. indd 10 11/05/2010 14:17 English, on the other hand, has... he goes and so forth are all covered by ikimasu in Japanese) • There are only two main tenses: the past and the present/future, with a ‘probably’ used for future events that are not certain (e.g the weather) • There is no definite/indefinite article (the, a) Only got ten minutes? 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE. indd 9 9 11/05/2010 14:17 Pronunciation – hatsuon Japanese has relatively easy pronunciation rules... and o, with one of the 19 consonant sounds (e.g ka, ki, ku, ke, ko) These sounds are always pronounced in the same way and so, once learned, are easy to remember and use The five Japanese vowels in order are: a as in man i as in hit u as in blue e as in end o as in hot Loan words The Japanese language is rich with words borrowed from other languages, in particular English This means that, although Japanese. .. (golf), tenisu (tennis) There are also many Japanese or Japanese- invented words which have become part of everyday language, such as walkman, pokemon, karaoke, kimono, samurai I said that it would be wrong to give the impression that there are no difficult features in Japanese but I believe it is because of these challenges that people become truly fascinated with Japanese and the wonderfully logical way . Speak Japanese with confi dence Helen Gilhooly 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE. indd i100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE. indd i 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 Credits Front. vi100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE. indd vi 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010 14:17 1Introduction Introduction Speak Japanese with confi dence is a three-CD audio course designed to get you speaking in Japanese. you just want the personal satisfaction of speaking Japanese confi dently. Gambatte kudasai! Good luck! 100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE. indd 1100211 SPEAKING JAPANESE. indd 1 11/05/2010 14:1711/05/2010