NHAN
THQC
CACVAN OE
LIEN QUANDENNGHENGHIEP
CUA THANHNIENNONGTHON
LAM VIEC TAI
CAC
KHUCONGNGHIEP
TREN OIA BANTHANH PHO
-
Nguyln Thi Phuang hoa
Vien Tdm ly hoc.
I i I I i I i I I
Cd vide lam, cugc sdng
ciia
ngudi thanhnien ndng thdn (TNNT)
budc'
sang mgt trang
mdi.
Dae biet, cd vieclamtai cdc khu cdng nghiep (KCN) tren
dia ban thdnh phd la
sir
kien cd nhidu y nghia ddi vdi TNNT. Su kien nay md ra
mdt tuong lai mdi, ddn de'n nhirng thay ddi d hg, trong dd cd su thay ddi nhan
thiic.
Til'
mgt ndng dan trd thdnh mdt ngudi cdng nhan, tir ndng thdn chuyen
de'n sdng d thdnh thi, su hidu biet,
sir
ddnh gia cua ngudi TNNT cd nhieu ddi
thay. Trong bai viet nay, chiing tdi chi dd cap de'n nhanthuc va
sir
thay ddi
nhan thiic
ciia
TNNT xung quanh cac vdn dd
lien
quan de'n nghe nghiep
ciia
hg
nhu quydn lgi, trdch nhiem va vai trd
ciia
ngudi cdng nhan ddi vdi doanh
nghiep va ngugc lai; nhirng yeu cau
ciia
nghe nghiep, dieu kien thang tie'n;
phdm chat cua ngudi cdng nhan va ngu'di lanh dao doanh nghiep.
1.
Nhan thirc ve quyen lgi, trach nhiem
ciia
nguoi congnhan
Quyen lgi vd trdch nhiem cua ngudi cdng nhan ndi rieng, ngudi lao ddng
ndi chung da dugc ghi rd trong Bd Luat lao ddng. Dieu 7
ciia
Bd
luat
nay da
neu
rd:
- Ngudi lao ddng dugc trd luong tren eo sd thda thuan vdi ngudi sir dung
lao dgng nhung khdng thdp hon
miic
luong tdi thidu do Nhd nudc quy dinh va
theo nang suat, chat lugng, hieu qud lam vice; dugc bdo hg lao ddng, lamviec
trong nhiing didu kien dam bdo ve an todn lao ddng, ve sinh lao ddng; dugc
nghi theo che do, nghi hang nam cd luong vd dugc bdo hidm xa bdi theo quy
dinh cua phdp luat.
TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 3
(132),
3 -
2010
- Ngudi lao dgng dugc thdnh
lap,
gia nhap, boat dgng cdng doan theo
Luat Cdng dodn dd bdo ve quyen va Igi fch hgp phdp
ciia
minh; dugc hudng
phuc Igi tap thd; tham gia qudn
ly
doanh nghiep theo ngi quy doanh nghiep vd
quy dinh
ciia
phdp
luat.
- Ngudi
lao
ddng cd nghia
vir
thue hien hgp ddng lao ddng, thda udc lao
ddng tap the, chap hdnh ki
luat
lao ddng, ndi quy lao ddng vd tuan theo su dieu
hanh hgp phap
ciia
ngudi sir dung
lao
ddng.
- Ngudi lao ddng cd quydn dinh cdng theo phap luat.
Dd tlm hidu nhan thiic
ciia TNTNT
cd viec ldm taicac KCN ve van dd
nay, chung tdi da sir dung cdc cau hdi md (trong dd khdng cd bat ky ggi y ndo)
va ydu cdu hg neu ra nhirng quyen Igi vd trdch nhiem
eiia
ngudi cdng nhan
trong doanh nghiep.
* Nhan thitc cua ngudi cdng nhdn ve quyen loi
ciia
minh trong doanh
nghiep
Ket qua nghien cuu da cho thay: Cd tdi 1/3 sd cdng nhan khdng trd
Idi
dugc cau hdi ve quyen Igi
ciia
ngudi cdng nhan trong doanh nghiep. Trong qua
trinh phdng van, chung tdi nhan thay: Khi dd cap den vdn dd ndy, mdt sd cdng
nhan da
Iiing
tung vd quay sang hdi nhau. Sd cdng nhan khdng tra
Idi
cau hdi
nay tap trung d
hai
KCN Ha Ndi (KCN Sai Ddng, KCN vira va nhd Tir Liem,
KCN Thang Long) va Bien Hda (KCN
Bien
Hod
11,
KCN Amata).
So cdng nhan cdn
lai
trd Idi dirng ft nhdt 1 quydn, nhidu nhat 3 quydn.
Cac quyen lgi (theo
each
phdt bidu
ciia
ngudi
cgng
nhan tre) dugc nhdc tdi
nhieu nhat Id: quyen dugc hudng luong (15.9%), quydn dugc ddng bdo hidm xa
hdi (12.4%) va quydn blnh ddng (11.7%), quyen dugc nghi ngoi (8.9%). Mdt
sd quyen Igi khac cdng dugc cdng nhan
ndi
den (nhu quyen dugc ddng bdo
hidm y te, quydn dugc dam bdo an todn lao ddng, quydn dugc gia nhap cdng
dodn, quydn dugc td cao khieu nai, quydn dugc dinh cdng theo phdp
luat,
quyen dugc ki hgp ddng
lao
dgng) nhung vdi sd lugng ngudi trd
Idi
rdt thap
(khodng tir 1,5% ddn 8%).
Nhan thiic nghd cua TNNT cd thay ddi theo thdi gian lamviec d thdnh
phd khdng? Chiing tdi da phan tfch nhan thiic nghe
ciia
ba nhdm TNNT cd thdi
gian Idm viec d thanh phd khdc nhau: dudi 2 nam, tir 2 den 5 nam vd tren 5
nam. Ket qud cho thay: Nhan thuc
ciia
TNNT cd viec ldm tai cde KCN ed
thdi
gian d thanh phd khdc nhau vd quydn
ciia
ngudi cdng nhan thd hien tuong
ddi
khac nhau (xem bidu dd 1).
TAP CHI'TAM
LY
HOC,
Sd 3 (132), 3 - 2010
11
6()T
.•SO
40
30+'
20
HI
0
53.2
45.1
IB"
40 2
36.5
-S^
"•1^2.%
2
6 3.9
33.8
28.7
IhA
4.7
•56
'b.y-a.g
53^
29.9
Hui'mu Gia
nhap Dinh
cOng Binh
dang
Nghi ngiri Xn loan
LO
BUYT
BHXH
lir.mii
CD
n 5
nam trd len
[3
2- 5 nam
D
Dudi 2 nam
•.\
.'-\A\
<y
Bieu dd 1:
Sif
thay ddi nhdn thifc
ciia 'TNN'T
cd viec ldm tgi cdc KCN
ve quyen cita
ngifiri
cdng nhdn
So vdi nhung thanhnien cd thdi gian lam
vice
tren 5 nam d thanh phd,
nhdm thanhnien ed thdi gian d thanh phd it hon chu y nhieu banden quydn
dugc hudng luong, ddm bao an todn
lao
ddng, dugc nghi ngai. Dd la nhung
cjuydn
lgi eo bdn, cung Id nhu cdu thiet ydu
ciia
hg. Trong khi dd, nhdm cdng
nhan dii sdng lau d thdnh phd (5 nam trd len) quan tam den quyen dugc ddng
bdo hidm y td. bdo hidm xa hdi. Cd tinh hinh nhu vay mdt phdn
la
do nhu'ng
thanh nien nay mud'n d
lai
thdnh phd, mud'n dn dinh cugc sdng.
Nhu vay. ngudi TNNT lam viec
tai
cdc KCN vdn chua nhan thiic day du
vd quyen lgi
ciia minh
trong doanh nghiep. dudng nhu hg chi quan tam de'n
nhirng vdn de thidt than nhu quydn dugc hudng
lu'Ong
va ddng bdo hidm xa hdi.
Tuy nhien. lamviectai cdc doanh nghiep cd vdn nudc ngodi, mdt sd cdng nhan
quan tiun tdi quydn
binh
ddng vd quydn dirge
nghi
ngoi. Gang sdng
lau
d thanh
phd. ngudi cdng nhan xuat than tir ndng thdn cd nhu cdu dn dinh vd phat tridn
cugc sdng
no'i
dd thi nen hg cdng
chii
y de'n nhirng
sir
ddm bdo
ciia
doanh
nghiep ddi vdi quydn lgi cua minh.
* Nhdn
thiiC
ve trdch nhiem cua ngudi cdng nhdn ddi vdi doanh
nghiep
De tlm bicu
nhitn
thiic vd trach nhiem
ciia
ngudi cdng nhan. chung tdi
cung sir dung cau hdi md. Sd lieu didu tra cho thay TNNT
chii
yeu nhdc den ba
trdch nhiem sau: thuc hien hg'p ddng lao ddng (65.7%). chap hdnh ndi quy cua
doanh nghiep (32.3%). ed trdch nhiem
vdi
cdng viec (26.4%). Trdch nhiem
12
TAP CHI'TAM
LY
HOC.
Sd 3
(132),
3 -
2010
dugc ndi de'n nhidu nhdt la thuc hien hgp ddng
lao
ddng ). Thuc bidn hgp ddng
la trdch nhiem duong nbidn
ciia
cd ngudi sir dung lao ddng va ngudi lao ddng.
Do dd, ngudi cdng nhiin cd ve dd nhd hon. Chap hdnh ndi quy
ciia
doanh
nghiep, cd trdch nhiem ddi
vdi
cdng viec
Id yeu
cdu
ciia
doanh nghiep ddi vdi
ngudi cdng nhan ndn muc dg nhd cua cdc nhdm thanhnien khdng
hoiin toiin
gidng nhau (xem bidu dd 2).
.
80
60
40
20
74.6
75.5
./"
63.2
y*.^m^!S)^
3fiS
-^S^
30.9
27.2 26.9
33
V
Thi/c
hien hop dong LO Chap hanh noi quy DN Co trach nhiem voi cong
viec
n
5 nam trd len D 3 - 5 nam
D 1
- 2 nam
Bieu dd 2:
Sif
thay ddi nhdn thifc
ciia TNNT
cd viec ldm tgi cdc
KCN
ve trdch nhiem cita ngifiri cdng nhdn
(%)
Sd lugng TNNT mdi ra thanh phd 1 - 2 nam nhdc ddn trdch nhiem thuc
hien hgp ddng
lao
dgng vd trdch nhiem ddi vdi cdng viec khdng kem, tham chf
cdn nhidu hon so vdi hai nhdm thanhnien cd thdi gian lamviec d thdnh phd dai
ban. Tuy nbidn, hg ft chu y hon ddn viec chap hanh ndi quy
ciia
doanh nghiep
so vdi hai nhdm thanhnien kia. Cd thd ndi, day la mot nhu'g'c diem
eiia
nhung
TNNT mdi ra thanh phd ldm viec.
Chap hdnh ndi quy la mdt ydu cdu bdt huge
ciia
cdc doanh nghiep ddi
vdi cdng nhan, mdt sd cdng nhan da nhim thue dugc didu nay. Sau khi dugc lam
viec tai cdc KCN, mot bd phan trong sd hg da coi trgng trdch nhiem
eiia
minh
ddi vdi cdng vide. Tuy sd lu'g'ng thanhnien nhdc ddn
viec
chap hanh ngi quy
doanh nghiep chua nhidu, song dieu dd chiing td ngu'di TNNT bdt
diiu
y thuc
dugc nhirng ydu cdu Idm viec trong mdi trudng mdi vdi nhirng ddi hdi cao ho'n
trudc kia (khi cdn ldm nghd ndng d que nhd).
Quydn Igi, trdch nhiem co bancua ngudi cdng nhim dug'c the hien trong
hgp ddng
lao
ddng va chd do luong bdng. Khi nhan thue ddy
dii
vc vdn de nay.
ngudi cdng nhan se cd gdng ghi nhd ndi dung hgp ddng lao ddng
ciia
minh,
cung nhu thang luong, bdng
lu'o'ng eiia
doanh nghiep. Vi
viiy.
day la mgt vdn dc
TAP CHI
TAM
LY
HOC.
Sd 3
(132),
3 -
2010
13
chiing tdi quan tam khi Om hidu nhan thirc
ciia
ngudi cdng nhan tre xudt than
tii'
ndng thdn ed viec vice lamtai cdc KCN trendiaban thdnh phd.
Thuc hien Luat Lao ddng, hdu hdt cdc cdng nhantai cdc KCN ddu dugc
ki hgp ddng lao ddng. Sd lieu didu tra cho thay:
89.5%-
cdng nhan tham gia
phdng van trd
Idi
cd hgp ddng lao ddng bdng van bdn. Chi cd mdt sd ft cdng
nhan tra
Idi
Id khdng cd hgp ddng lao ddng bdng van bdn hay khdng nhd la cd
hgp ddng hay chua. Phdn
Idn
cdng nhan da nhd va ndm dugc d
miic
do khac
nhau vd cdc didu khodn trong hgp ddng cung nhu bdng luong, thang
luong ciia
doanh nghiep. Tuy nhien, gdn 1/5 sd cdng nhan tham gia phdng van khdng nhd
rd cdc ngi dung ghi trong hgp ddng
lao
ddng, khdng ndm rd bang luong va
thang luong
ciia
doanh nghiep (khodng 18%). Sd cdng nhan nay chu yeu la
nhirng TNNT mdi ra thdnh phd tir
1
de'n 2 nam.
Thuc trang nay cd thd do mdt sd thanhnien mdi
len
thdnh phd
lam vice
nen chua cd kinh nghiem trong
vice ki
kdt hgp ddng, hoac hg chua thuc su
mud'n gdn bd vdi doanh nghiep. iMdt can bd ki thuat tai mdt nha may ddt d
KCiN
Bien Hod cho bidt: Nhidu thanhnien mdi di
lam
thudng khdng lamviec
dn dinh mot chd, dang lamviectai doanh nghiep nay, thay doanh nghiep khdc
tuydn cdng nhan vdi mue luong cao hon, hg sdn sang bd noi
lam
viec hien tai
dd sang doanh nghiep khde.
Tuong tu, sd ban tre khdng nhd la cd dugc hudng ddn bao hiem
lao
ddng
hay chua tap trung d nhdm thanhnien ra thdnh phd dudi 5 nam. Vande hgp
ddng lao ddng vd van dd bdo
hidm
lao ddng vdn chua dugc mdt sd thanhnien
mdi ra thanh phd thuc su quan tam.
Nhu vay, phdn ddng cdng nhan tre cd xuat than ndng thdn
lam
viectai
cdc KCN da nhanthuc duoc mgt vdi quydn Igi va trach nhiem co ban cua
minh.
Sd ngudi nhdc dugc ddy
dii
cdc quydn
ciia minh
da dugc quy dinh trong Luat
Lao dgng Id rat hidm. Vdn cdn mgt bd phiin thanhnien chua nhan thiic ro vd
quydn lgi
ciia
minh, chua chu y den ndi dung hgp ddng cua
minh.
2.
Nhan thirc ve dieu kien thang tien va cac pham chat quan trgng
ciia
ngudi cdng nhan va ngudi lanh dao doanh nghiep
* Ve phdm chdt vd dieu kien thdng tien cua ngudi cdng nhdn trong
doanh nghiep
Khi dugc hdi vd didu kien thang tidn trong doanh nghiep, TNNT cd viec
lam tai cdc KCN ddnh gid khd cao hai vdn dd: trinh do tay nghd va trinh do hgc
van. Tidp den la
sir iing
hd
ciia
cap tren,
sir iing
hg
ciia
tap thd. Tham nien cdng
tdc dugc ddnh gid ehi cao ho'n yeu td quan be rdng (xem bdng 1). Didu ndy
chiing td tam ly "sdng lau
len liio
lang" da khdng cdn phd bien. Nhin chung,
ngudi TN.NT da
nhiin
thdc dugc tdm quan trgng
ciia
hgc van trong nghd nghiep.
14 TAP CHI
TAM
LY
HOC.
SO
3
(132).
3 -
2010
Bdng 1: Nhdn thifc cua
'TNNT
cd viec ldm tgi cdc
KCN
ve phdm chdt
vd dieu kien thdng tidn cua
ngifdri
cdng nhdn trong doanh nghiep
Dieu kien thang tien cua nguoi
cdng nhan
Trinh do tay nghecao
Trinh do hoc vancao
Dugc
sir
ung bo
ciia
cap
ircn
Dugc
sir iing
hd
ciia
tap the
Giao tie'p,
iing
xir tdt
TTiam
nien cdng tac
Quan he rong
DTB
5.98
5.83
3.90
3.74
3.31
3.30
2.11
Do
lech
chudn
\.\5
1.61
1.63
1.46
1.52
1.76
1.41
Thir bac
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
*
Ghi chu: diem thdp nhdt -
1;
diem cao nhdi = 7.
•'
Tuong tu, khi dugc hdi vd nhirng phdm chat quan trgng ddi vdi ngudi
cdng nhan, tay nghd vting vd bgc vancao cirng Id hai pham chat dugc xdp bang
ddu. Nhirng yeu td vd y thuc (y thdc td cbiic ki luat, ydu nghe,
chii
dgng sdng
tao) chua dugc nbii'ng ngu'di cdng nhan tre ddnh gid cao (xem bdng 2). Dudng
nhu nhirng phdm chat dugc ngudi cdng nhan ddnh gid cao
mdi
chi
Id
nhirng
phdm chat bdn ngodi (nhirng phdm chdt xuat phdt tir yeu cdu, ddi hdi
ciia
ngudi
sir dung lao ddng), chu chua
phcii
la nhiing phdm chdt
ndi
tai, ben trong
ciia
ngudi cdng nhan.
Bdng 2: Nhdn thifc
ciia
TNNT cd viec ldm tgi cdc KCN
ve nlulng phdm chd't quan trgng cua ngifdi cong nhdn
Pham chat cua ngudi
cong nhan
Tay nghe virng
Hoc vancao
Y
thuc td chuc ki luat tdi
Yeu nghe
Chu ddng, sang tao
Diem trung binh
3.71
3.56
2.73
2.37
2.36
Do lech chuan
1.22
1.62
1.35
1.30
1.26
Thd bac
1
2
3
4
5
*
Ghi chu:diem
thdp nhdi =
I;
dietn
cao nhdt - 5.
Cac pham chat hgc van cao, su
ebii
ddng, sang tao
ciia
ngudi cdng
nhiin
dugc nhdm mdi ra thdnh phd ddnh
gid
cao hon nhdm d thdnh phd tir 5 nam trd
Idn. Song nhdm mdi ra thdnh phd danh gid thdp hon hai nhdm d thimb phd lau
hon ve phdm chdt y thu'c ki luat tdt. Nhirng thanhnien mdi ra thanh phd thudng
TAPCHITAMLYHOC.
Sd3
(132).
3 -
2010
15
Id
nhting ngudi tre tudi, mudn chung td nhan thiic
eiia
minh da cd nhu'ng ddi
mdi khi danh gid cao phdm chat hgc van cao,
chii
ddng sang tao.
*
Ve phdm chdt
ciia
ngudi ldnh dgo trong doanh nghiep
Theo y kien cua cdng nhan, mdt ngudi lanh dao tdt. trudc bet phai cd
pham chat dao
diic
tdt, trinh do hgc van cao, biet sir dung dung ngudi. Dd
la
ba
phdm chat dugc ngudi cdng nhan ddnh gid cao nhat, tidp den la tfnh quyet doan
trong cdng viec, nang ddng, bidt
Idng
nghe. Cdc yeu td nay ddu xdp tren ydu td
quan he rdng (xem bdng 3). Nhin chung, ngudi cdng nhanvan ddnh gia cao
pham chat dao
diic
va trinh do hgc vdn
ciia
ngudi
lanh
dao.
Bdng 3: Nhdn thifc
ciia
'TNNT cd viec ldm tgi cdc KCN
ve nlulng phdm chdt quan trgng
ciia
ngifiri ldnh dgo doanh nghiep
Pham chat
ciia
nguoi lanh dao
Dao
due
tdt
1 loc
vancao
Biei sir dung dung nguoi
Quyei doan trong cdng
vice
Nang dgng trong congviec
Biei lang nghe
Quan be rgng
Diem trung binh
5.13
4.90
4.14
3.89
3.80
3.15
2.35
Dp lech chuan
2.19
1.96
1.80
1.91
1.75
1.93
1.69
Thiir bac
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Khi dugc hdi ve nhim td quyet dinh su thanh cdng
ciia
doanh nghiep,
phdn
Idn
cdng
nhiin
tre ddu nhan dinh dd la ngu'di qudn
ly
va ngudi cdng nhan
(83.7%).
Trong sd nhu'ng thanhnien edn
lai,
sd ngudi ddnh gia ngudi qudn ly
giir vai trd quydt dinh chidm 9.5%, ngudi cdng nhan giii vai trd quyet dinh Id
4.1%,
vai trd quyet dinh thudc vd nhirng yeu td khac la 2.7%. Ket qua nay cho
thdy, ngudi cdng nhan tre da y thuc dugc vai trd
ciia
minh
ddi
vdi doanh
nghiep. hg danh gid cao vai trd cua cd ngudi cdng nhan va
ciia
cd nha
lanh
dao.
Tir kdt qud nghien
eii'u
tren cho thay, sau mot thdi gian lamviectaicac
KCN trendiaban thdnh phd,
TN\NT
da cd mdt sd hidu biet nhdt dinh vd quydn
lgi.
trdch
nhiem,
vai trd
ciia
minh trong doanh nghiep, didu kien dd ban than cd
thd thang tidn trong cdng viec.
.Mae
dii,
ngu'di cdng nhan ehua ddnh gia diing
mue tdm quan trgng
ciia
nhirng phdm chat ben trong
ciia
ngudi cdng nhan (ydu
nghd, chil ddng. sang tao). song hg da tin tudng rang su thdnh dat nghd nghiep
phu thudc vao khd nang
ciia
minh (thd hien d tay nghd vd trinh do hoc van).
3.
Mirc dg thay ddi nhan thirc •
Ngoai
vice
chia nhdm T.NNT theo
thdi
gian d thdnh phd dd ddnh gia su
thay ddi nhan thi'rc, chiing tdi cdn sir dung phuong phdp hdi cd: xem xet su thay
TAP CHI
TAM
LY
HOC.
Sd 3
(132).
3 -
2010
ddi dua tren tu ddnh gia
ciia
khdch thd vd khd nang nhan thirc cdc van dd d thdi
didm hien tai
.so
vdi thdi didm trong qua khu. Nhirng ngu'di cdng nhim
tie
dugc
yeu cdu tu danh gid vd
miic
dg hieu biet hien nay cua minh so vdi luc chua ldm
viec tai KCN ve mot sd van dd nhan thiic nhu: vai trd hgc vdn trong nhd nghiep;
y nghia
ciia
ki luat lao dgng; su can thidt
ciia
viec ddo tao lai, nang cao tay
nghe; van dd bdo hg lao ddng; trdch nhidm
ciia
ngudi cdng
nhiin
ddi vdi doanh
nghiep;
trdch
nhiem
ciia
doanh nghiep ddi vdi ngudi cdng
nhiin;
vai trd
ciia
ngudi cdng nhan trong doanh nghiep. Kdt qud didu tra duoc thd hien trong ban"
4.
.• .
• • '^
Bdng 4:
Sif
thay ddi ve nhdn thifc
ciia
TNNT co viec ldm tai cdc KCN -
so sdnh theo thdi gian len thdnh phd ldm viec
Van de
Vai tro hoc van
trong nghe
nghiep
Y nghia
ciia
ki
luat lao dong
Su can thiei
ciia
viec dao tao lai,
nang cao tay
nghe
Van debao ho
lao dong
Trach nhiem
cua nguoi cong
nhan ddi voi
doanh nghiep
Trach nhiem
cua doanh
nghiep ddi
vc^i
cdng nhan
Vai trd cua
nguoi cdng
nhan trong
doanh
nghiep
Muc do
nhan thiic
Han nhieu
Hem
1 chut
Vdn the
Han nhieu
Han 1 chut
Vdn thd
Han nhieu
Han 1 chia
Vdn the
tlo'n
nhieu
Han 1 chia
Vdn
the
Han
nliic'u
Hon 1 chill
Vdn
the
H(/n
nhieu
Han 1 chut
Vdn the
Hon nhieu
Han
I
chill
Vdn the
Thoi gian len thanh phd lamviec
5 ndm
trd len
54.0
36.8
9.2
67.5
28.2
4.3
62.3
33.2
4.5
65.8
29.1
5.0
65.3
30.3
4.4
54.0
35.9
10.1
71.1
21.8
7.1
2-5
ndm
33.8
53.5
12.7
49.7
44.1
6.3
53.2
39.7
7.1
54.3
39.3
6.4
58.2
37.6
4.3
44.3
45.7
10.0
57.1
35.7
7.1
1-2
nam
35.8
53.8
10.4
46.7
48.6
4.7
48.1
46.2
5.7
50.5
44.8
4.8
51.9
42.5
5.7
42.5
52.8
4.7
50.0
46.2
3.8
Tdng
42.3
47.4
10.3
55.4
39.4
5.2
54.5
39.7
5.8
58.6
36.4
5.0
58.6
36.4
5.0
46.8
44.5
8.7
59.7
33.5
6.7
.Mdc CO
y nghia
P
<
0.001
<
0.001
<(
.01
< 0.05
<0.01
<
0.001
TAP CHI
TAM
LY
HOC. Sd 3
(132),
3 -
2010
Sd
lieu didu
tra giup chung tdi nhan dinh rdng: Mdi trudng Idm
viec mdi
da gulp nhan
thu'c ciia
TNNT them phong
phii,
kidn thiie duoc bd sung. Ben
canh nhirng nhan dmh, nhu'ng hidu
biei
mdi, cd nhung kien thiic da cd tir trudc
nay dugc ldm rd hon.
. i , ;
Su thay ddi nhanthuc d nhdm thanhnien cd thdi gian d thdnh phd
tir
5
nam trd len didn ra manh me hon. Nhdm ndy ludn chidm ti le cao trong sd
ngu'di trd
Idi
"hidu biet hon
nhidu"
vd cdc vande chung
Idi
dua ra, dac
biet
trong vande vai trd
ciia
hgc van trong nghd nghiep, y nghia
ciia
ki
luat lao
dgng vd vai trd cua ngudi cdng nhan trong doanh nghiep. Ti
le
sd ngudi "hieu
bidt hon nhidu" d nhdm thanh nidn da d thdnh phd tir tren 2 nam dudi 5 nam
cung cao hon nhdm thanh nidn mdi ra thdnh phd 1 de'n 2 nam d hdu bet cacvan
de.
Thdi gian d thdnh phd ti
le
thuan vdi
miic
dg thay ddi nhan thiic. Nhan
thiic vd nghd nghiepcua nhirng thanhnien mdi ra thdnh phd edn mdt sd diem
ydu. Nhiing thanhnien da d thanh phd
lau,
nhan thiic da dugc nang cao.
Nhln chung, sau mgt thdi gian
lam
viectaicac KCN, nhan thiic vd nghd
nghiep
ciia
ngudi TNNT cd dugc nang cao. Thuc te cdng viec giup hg hidu ro
hon vd vai trd
ciia
minh, van dd bdo hd
lao
ddng, y nghia cua ki luat lao ddng,
su cdn thidt
ciia
vide dao tao lai. Hg danh gia cao nd
luc ciia
bdn than ddi vdi su
thdnh dat trong cdng
viec.
Quydn
binh
dang, quyen dugc nghi ngoi va quyen
dugc ddm bdo an toan lao ddng la su quan tam mdi cua ngudi cdng nhan.
Quydn dugc
nghi
ngoi la mot van dd birc
xiic ciia
thanh nien, dac bidt la nhirng
ngu'di dang lamviec trong cdc doanh nghiep nudc ngodi.
Tuy nhien, so TNNT hidu bidt ddy
dii
vd quydn lgi va nghia vu
ciia minh
vdn chidm mdt
ti
le khiem tdn. Mot sd TNNT vdn chua cd y thu'c tlm hidu cac
kidn thuc
lien
quan den
linh
vuc nghd nghiep cua
minh.
Hg vdn thu ddng trong
nghd nghiepcua minh, chi coi cdng viec Id "cdn cau com", chua coi nghe la
"nghiep"
ciia
minh nen cung khdng quan tam de'n
sir
thang tidn trong nghd
nghiep. Chuydn
tii'
sdn xuat ndng nghiep sang sdn xudt cdng nghiep, nhiing
TNNT mdi vdo nghd chua chap hdnh tdt ndi quy cdng viec, tuan thu dirng ki
luat lao ddng.
Nhan thirc vd nghd nghiep khdng cbi mang lai Igi fch cho ban than
ciia
ngudi lao ddng md cdn mang lai lgi fch cho doanh nghiep. Nhanthuc nghd
ciia
18
TAP CHI
TAM
LY
HOC, Sd 3
(132).
3 -
2010
ngudi lao ddng dnh hudng tdi nhirng quydt dinh
ciia
hg nhu: Cd gdn bd vdi
nghd nghiep hay khdng? Nd
lire
phdn dau nhu the ndo trong
vice
thue hien cdng
viec?
Do dd, viec nang caonhan thiic ve nghenghiep cho TNNT dang
lam
viec taicac KCN khdng chi Id mdt
vice
lam tu than
ciia
mdi ngudi thanhnien
cdng nhan, ma cdn Id mdt hoat ddng quan trgng
ciia
bdn than mdi doanh
nghiep. Neu cac doan the trong doanh nghiep boat dgng tdt
thi
day se la noi
ly
tudng cho viec tuyen truyen. van ddng nang caonhan thuc
ciia
TNNT dang lam
vide tai cdc KCN trendiaban thdnh phd.
TAP CHI'TAM
LY
HOC,
Sd 3
(132),
3 -
2010
. NHAN THQC CAC VAN OE LIEN QUAN DEN NGHE NGHIEP CUA THANH NIEN NONG THON LAM VIEC TAI CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP TREN OIA BAN THANH PHO - Nguyln Thi Phuang hoa Vien Tdm ly. KCN ve quyen cita ngifiri cdng nhdn So vdi nhung thanh nien cd thdi gian lam vice tren 5 nam d thanh phd, nhdm thanh nien ed thdi gian d thanh phd it hon chu y nhieu ban den quydn dugc hudng. chua tap trung d nhdm thanh nien ra thdnh phd dudi 5 nam. Van de hgp ddng lao ddng vd van dd bdo hidm lao ddng vdn chua dugc mdt sd thanh nien mdi ra thanh phd thuc su quan tam. Nhu vay, phdn