Báo cáo " Mấy nét về tổ chức và hoạt động của Công đảng Anh." potx

f^* .i^ MAY MET VE TO CHlTC VA HOAT BOMG • • CrA COIVG BAJVG AIVH Ths. Mai Hoai Anh Vien Quan he quoc te Hoc vien Chfnh tri - Hdnh chfnh quoc gia Ho Chf Minh I. Cff cau td chiic ciia Cdng dang Khdi qudt qud trinh phdt trien: Nam 1900, Cdng dang Anh dugc thanh lap vdi tu each dai dien chinh tri cho nhirng lgi fch cua giai cap cdng nhan va cac td cbu:c cong doan. Ten ban dau cua nd la Uy ban Dai dien Lao dgng (The Labour Representation Committee) tren ca sa lien hgp giira Td chuc Nghiep doan (Trade Union Congress) va Dang Lao dgng Dpc lap (Independent Labour Parly), den nam 1906, td chiic nay mai lay ten la Cdng dang (Labour Party). Nam 1924, lan dau tien Cdng dang tra thanh dang cam quyen d Vuong qudc Anh va tiep dd, Cong dang da nam quydn lanh dao dat nuac qua cac thai ky 1929-1931, 1945-1951, 1964-1970, 1974- 1979. Tir cudi thap nien 80 cua thd ky XX, Cong dang sau mgt thai gian dai khong nam quydn da bat tay tim kiem con dudng mai nhim thoat khdi tinh the khd khan. Sau that bai tai cupc tdng tuyen cu nam 1987, Cdng dang da tien hanh xem xet lai cac chfnh sach truydn thdng ciia Dang. Nam 1992, sau khi John Smith lam Chu tich Dang, lai tien hanh cai each che do bau cu ciia Dang, thuc hien "che do mdt nguai mdt phieu'' bau lanh lu. Nam 1994, Tony Blair Ird thanh Chu lich Dang, duai khau bieu xay dung "Cdng dang mai" (New Labour) da lien banh cai each Cdng dang, lam cho Cdng dang chi trong thdi gian ngan da thuc hien "hien dai boa", tir mot chinh dang truyen thong coi trong hinh thai y thuc chuyen bien thanh chinh dang hien dai lay viec tranh cu len cam quyen lam muc lieu phan dau chu yeu. Ket qua la Cdng dang da lien tuc thang cir va cam quyen 3 nhiem ky lien liep tir nam 1997 den nam 2010. Trong cuoc bau cu Qudc hgi thang 5/2010, Cdng dang duai su lanh dao cua Gordon Brown da that bai va phai nhudng quyen thanh lap chfnh phu cho Dang Bao thil. Truac tinh hinh do, tai Dai hoi Cdng dang dien ra ngay 25/9/2010, dng Ed Miliband da dugc bau lam Chii tich Dang, danh dau sir chuyen giao the he lanh dao va mgt khdi dau mai ciia Cdng dang. Doan tuyet vai thdi ky truoc, trd ve cgi nguon va tim lai ban sac truyen thong la nhiing net chfnh trong quan diem chinh sach mdi ciia Cong dang nham som tra lai cuong vi cim 14 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU EUROP.^., ^. quyen. Nhi cm vu cua Cong ddng la phai ddng Ihdi day lui sir trdi day cua canh hiru Iheo dudrng loi bao thu va chinh phuc dugc khu trung lam giiia la va hQ"u, giiia xa hgi dan chil va bao thu, va phai tranh thu cac to chirc cdng doan va xa hoi, the hien kha nang trong chfnh sach kinh lc, an ninh. Cff cau to chuc cua Cdng ddng bao gdm: Dgi hc)i Ddng: Dai hoi Ddng dugc to chiic hang nam. la ca quan quyet sach cao nhat cua Ddng. Theo Dieu lc Ddng, boat ddng cua Dang dugc lien hdnh duai sir chi dao vd kiem soat cua dai hpi Ddng. Dai hpi Ddng bau ra Ban Lanh dao todn quoc. Thdnh vien ciia Dai hgi khodng ban 1.000 cac dai bieu dugc uy nhiem tir cac bg phan cua Ddng nhu: ddng Nghi vien, Cong dodn, khu vuc bau cu, Dai hgi Ddng quyet dinh chfnh sdch vd nhiing van de quan trgng cua Ddng. Nhiing de xuat nhan dugc ft nhat 2/3 da sd dai bieu tan thdnh se tra thanh mgt pban nghi quyet cua Dang. Tuy nhien, lanh dao Ddng ket hgp vai NEC co quyen bo sung them cdc chfnh sach cua Ddng. Ban Lanh dgo todn qudc (National Executive Comitee - NEC): Ld ca quan qudn ly cao nhat cua Ddng, gom 29 thdnh vien, trong do 27 thdnh vien dugc todn the Dai hgi hoac mgt bo phan thdnh vien Dai hgi bau ra, dai dien cho cac bg phan khac nhau cua Ddng vd theo Dieu le Ddng chiu sir chi dao, dieu hdnh ciia Dai hgi Ddng va c6 quyen dieu hdnh Ddng giira hai ky Dai hgi. - Ddng Nghi vien (Parliamentary Labour Parly - PLP): Bao gdm cdc nghi sT la dang vien cua Ddng. Co vai tro dai dien cho chfnh sdch, lgi fch cua Ddng cung nhu lgi ich cua cdc cu tri a Nghi vien. Ddng Nghi vien luon ddng vai tro rit quan trgng trong ca cau td chuc cua Cong ddng (ciing vai to chuc Ddng a cac khu vuc bau cu; Cong dodn va cac to chuc phu Ihugc khdc). Khi Id ddng ddi lap, PLP CO quyen bau "ngi cdc bong" Dai hdi Ddng co Irach nhiem hudng dan Dang Nghi vien vd cdc thdnh vien Nghi vien thirc hien chuang trinh hdnh dgng, nhung bien phdp vd thai gian lai do PLP quyel dinh. Td chuc ddng khu vuc bdu cit (Constituency Labour Parties - CLP): Ld td chuc ca sa ciia Cong dang, co nhiem vu chfnh Id xem xet va quyet dinh cac ung cu vien tranh cu vdo Ha \ ien de ca quan trung uong dang thong qua. Ngodi ra, to chiic nay con thuc hien cdc nhiem vu khdc nhu tang ngudn tdi chfnh, tuyen truyen chfnh sdch cua Ddng, to chiic van dong bau cu. Td chuc Ddng a moi khu vuc bau cii deu thiet lap "Hgi dong quan ly" khodng 50 ngudi, gdm dai bieu cua dodn the, ddng vien ca nhan chiem 60%) va dai bieu cua cac to chuc phu thuge (Cong dodn, hgp tac xa ) chidm 40%. Quyen luc ciia Cong ddng tap trung chu yeu a lanh tu Dang, Dai hgi Dai bidu loan quoc vd Ban Lanh dao toan quoc. Lanh tu Ddng vira Id Chii tich Dang, viia Id Chu tich Ddng Nghi vien, co quyen lire tuang ddi lan, do Dang Nghi vien cung vdi mgt s6 dai dien tir cdc ca sa Dang bau ra. Khi Cong dang /tiAJuj, iixM, mL i,t> anjuLa IML ruHU. ajpriq, 15 cam quyen, lanh tu Ddng se ddm nhan chuc Thil tudng, dong thai chi huy cdc thdnh vien Ngi cdc; khi Cong dang khong nam quyen se la lanh tu cua ddng doi lap, dong thai chi dinh chiic vu cu the cho cdc thdnh vien cua "npi cac bdng" md Ddng Nghi vien bau. Khi Cdng ddng khong cam quyen, Chu tich vd Phd Chil tich Ddng phdi lien hdnh bau lai d Dai hoi Dai bieu todn qudc hdng nam (hoac d Hpi nghi Bau cu do Ban Lanb dao todn qudc dac biet bo tri), cdn khi dang chap chfnh thi khdng can bau lai. Dieu dd cd nghTa Id, lanh tu Ddng se cd nhiem ky Thii ludng ngang bang vai nhiem ky cua Ha vien (trong trudng hgp dac biet, Tbu tudng tir chiic giira nhiem ky tbi Dai hgi Dang se bau lanh tu mai vd tiep nhan chiic vu Thu tudng md khdng can phdi to chirc mgt cugc bau cir Quoc hoi mdi. Trudng hgp dng Gordon Brown thay dng Tony Blair ldm lanh tu Ddng vd Thu tudng Id mgt vf du cu the). Do viec lanh tu Ddng ddng thdi cGng Id Thu tudng, nen trong cac van de chfnh sdch, giira Dang vd Chfnh phu se tao ra sir nhat qudn. Hon niia, cdc vi bg trudng ciing chfnh Id nhiing nguoi dung dau cdc phe nhdm ciia Ddng trong Qudc hgi, nen hau nhu ngudi ta khd cd the nhan thay mau thuan ndo trong dudng ldi ciia Cong ddng vdi cac cbinh sach md chfnh phu de xuat va thuc hien. Truac kia, viec bau lanh tu Ddng do Cong dodn chii tri theo che do bo phieu tap the (trong dd Cong dodn dugc an dinh 40%) s6 phieu, Dang Nghi vien 30%) va Dang Khu vuc bau cu 30%) nen rat bat lgi cho tinh dan chu trong Ddng. Tir nam 1993, Cong dang da lien hdnh cdi each trinh tu bau lanh tu, phe bd chd do bo phidu tap Ihl, thuc hien moi ngudi mgt phieu vd mdi mot bg pban deu c6 ly le phieu nhu nhau Id 1/3. Hon thd, nguai dugc de cii phdi dugc sir iing ho cua 12,5%) sd tbanh vien cua Ddng Nghi vien mai cd the dugc de ten, con khi cd nguai mudn thach Ihiic vai lanb tu duong nhiem thi phdi dugc sir iing hg cua 20%) trong sd ddng vien d Nghi vien' Viec dp dung phuong phap ndy Id lieu chf danh dau Cdng ddng lay che do dan chii true tiep thay the cho che do dan chu uy thac, vd cdng Id mot trong nhiing sir khdc biel ve td chirc giiia Cong ddng mdi vdi Cdng ddng cQ. Ve dpi ngd ddng vien: Nhu nhieu chfnh ddng khdc d Tay Au, hien tai Cdng ddng ciing dang phdi ddi mat vai tinh trang suy gidm ddng vien. Nam 1993, sd lugng ddng vien Cdng dang cd khoang 310.000, den nam 1997 da tang 30%, len tai 405.000^, nhung lai bi siit gidm nghiem trgng vdo nhiing nam sau do, chi con 208.000 vdo nam 2004 vd 198.000 vdo nam 2005^ Mac dii cdn cd hon 4 trieu thdnh vien Cdng dodn Id hgi vien chfnh thu:c cua Cdng ^ r ddng vd cd quyen bd phieu vai tu each ca ' Hien dgi hoa trong he thong to chuc ciia Cong ddng Anh, Tap chi NhiJng vin dS CNXH thS giai duong dai (Trung Qu6c), s6 3/2002. ^ Dennis Kavanagh, British Politics - Continuities and Change, Oxford University Press, 2000, p 220. ^ Luang van K6, He thing chinh ddng vd ca so ludt phdp cua cdc ddng ddn chu xa hgi chdu Au (Dice. Anh, Thuy Dien), Tham luan tai Hoi thao "T6 chuc va boat dong cua dan^ dan chii xa hoi qua kinh nghiem cua Diic, Thuy DiSn, Anh", do Hpc vi8n Chinh tri H^nh chinh qu6c gia H6 Chi Minh v^ Vien FES t6 chiirc. Ha Noi 11-12/10/2011. 16 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU EUROP^ nhan bau lanh dao Ddng theo cac quy Irinh hien hdnh, nhung linh trang ndy neu khong nhanh chdng khac phuc co the se dan lai nhieu anh huang lieu cue den sir ton lai cua Dang vi: Ddng vien Id bo phan hgp thdnh rat quan trpng Irong bo may bau cir cua Ddng, de bat lanh lu Dang, lira chon dai bieu ciia Dang va giup Dang md rong pham vi dnh huang chfnh tri, xay dung to chiic Ddng vd ung hg ldi chfnh cho Ddng van hdnh; Dong Ihdi, hg lao ra khdng gian thir nghiem vd kiem nghiem chfnb sach cua Ddng; Ngodi ra, hp cdn Id "dai sii" cua Ddng a nhirng nai hp cu Iru. Do dd, de duy tri sir ton tai vd pbal trien cua Dang, nhiem vu hang dau ciia Cong ddng Id phdt trien Dang nham bdo ddm so lugng ddng vien tuong doi, dua hg vdo cdc to chiirc ca sa chfnh thuc hoac phi chfnh thuc vd bdo ve sir trung thdnh chfnh trj cua hg. Truac kia ddng vien Cong ddng theo che do ddng vien lap the. Tir nam 1994, Cong ddng dp dung bien phap day nhanh hon nira nhip do phat trien ddng vien cd nhan. Mgt mat, khuyen khfch nhieu ddng vien gia nhap ddng tap the qua to chuc Cong dodn, thuc hien tbu luc de tra thdnh ddng vien cd nhan; Mat khac, thu hiit nhieu ddng vien cd nhan tir xa hgi nham mdr rgng tfnh dai dien vd tfnh ma ngd cua Dang. Thii tuc vdo Ddng ciing dugc don gian hod, Cong ddng chi yeu cau ddng vien thira nhan cucng ITnh Ddng vd nop dang phf. Ve ky luat Ddng: Mot trong nhiing ly do can bdn dan tai sir thdnh cong cua Cong dang trong nhimg nam qua la Dang da dp dung thanh cong he Ihdng id chuc vd ky luat. Sir cd ket trong ndi bg Ddng la vin dd c6 y nghTa sdng con. Mac dii Irong ngi bg Cong ddng cung bao gdm nhieu phe phdi vai nhiing lgi fch bet sue da dang vd phiic tap, nhung day Id van de trong ngi bg Dang. Cdn khi the hien ra ben ngoai, hp phdi Id mgt khoi thong nhai. Cdc boat dgng, ngon luan cua urng cir vien nghi sT, nguai phat ngon ciia Ddng va cac to chiic Dang Khu vuc bau cii phdi chiu sir chi dao vd gidm sat cua Trung uong Ddng \ a lanh lu. Neu cac nghi sT cua Cong ddng lam cho danh du cua Ddng bi ton bai thi lanh tu Ddng cd quycn khai trir hg ra khoi Dang Thong qua nhirng quy djnh dd, quyen han cua Ban Lanh dao lodn quoc vd Lanh tu Ddng dugc tang cudng, quyen ban cua to chiic ca sa bao gdm cdc dodn the nhu Cong dodn \d to chiic Ddng Khu vuc bau cu bi cat gidm. Ve tdi chinh cua Ddng: Truac kia, kinh phf ciia Dang chii yeu dua vdo Cong doan. Nham giam sir phu thuge ldi chinh dan tdi tinh trang can thiep qud sau cua Cong doan doi vdi Ddng, lir cudi thap nien 80, Cong dang da cai each bang each lung buac thu but tir cdc ngudn xa hdi. Ndu nhu nam 1983, 96%) tdng thu nhap cua Ddng (bao gom ca quy bau cu) deu den tir Cong dodn, thi 10 nam sau d6 con khong den 2/3 va nam 1997 chi con 40%. Hien nay, kinh phi cua Cong ddng chu ydu ddn tir dang phi ciia dang vien (chidm 10% tdng thu nhap ciia Ddng), tien quyen gop ciia cac ca nhan, " David Butler and Gareth Butler, Thxventieth-Century British Political Facts 1900-2000, Macmiland Press, London2000, p. 291. j/uig. net 04>, tr^ elute. art l^iagt Hdng,. 17 to chiic (chiem tai 50-80%) thu nhap ciia Ddng), mot phan tu tdi trg cua nhd nuac duai dang lien phdt trien chfnh sdch vd khi a vi trf ddng ddi lap trong Ha vien (Short Money) ciing nhu Thugng vien (Cranborne Money). 2. Phirong thuc cam quyen ciia Cdng dang Ddi vdi Cff quan lap phdp: Trung tam cua he thdng chfnh tri Anh qudc Id Qudc hoi. De gidnh dugc quyen kiem sodl Qudc hoi, mot dang chfnh tri phdi gianh dugc da sd ghe trong cupc bau cir, vd sau do gianh luon quyen thdnh lap Chfnh phii. Vdi phucng thurc tren, khi mpt dang thang cii, hg cd quyen kiem sodt cd ca quan lap phap vd ca quan hdnh phdp. Chfnh vi vay, van de dat ra ddi vai Cdng ddng khdng chi Id tim each tdc dgng, hoac gay dp lire vdo qua trinh lap phdp, md van de Id phdi lam sao de gidnh thang lgi trong bau cu Qudc hoi vd giii dugc sir thong nhat trong Ddng khi Ddng trd thdnh ddng cam quyen. Mgt khi da kiem sodt dugc Qudc bgi vai da sd dp ddo. Dang cd the kiem sodt ca quan lap phap vd de ddng the che hod cucng ITnh vd dudng ldi chfnh tri cua minh thdnh cdc dao luat, cac chfnh sach ciia nhd nuac. Cong ddng da dp dung cdc bien phdp sau: Mpt Id, sii dung cac uy ban chuyen mon cua Ddng de xay dung cdc chuang trinh lap phap vd chi dao qua trinh soan thdo cac du luat truac khi no dugc trinh tai Quoc hgi. Ca r cau hoach dinh chinh sach cua Cong dang bao gom: Dien dan Chfnh sach quoc gia, Uy ban Chinh sach vd Uy ban Chfnh sach lien hgp Dien dan Chfnh sach qudc gia (National Policy Forum NPF) gom 8 ily ban chfnh sach, phu trach tham tra, giam sat linh hinh vd dd xuat phat trien chfnh sdch cua Ddng tren cac ITnh vuc kinh le vd xa hoi, mau dich vd sdn nghiep, mdi Irudng, van ldi vd khu vuc, y le vd phiic lgi, gido due vd viec ldm, tgi pham va tu phap, dan chu vd cdng dan, dugc tdng hgp thdnh "Ke hoach che djnh chfnh sach hdnh dpng" Sau khi Ke hoach dugc Diln dan thdo luan se de Irinh len Uy ban Chfnh sdch lien hgp. Uy ban nay do Chu ljch Ddng chu tri, phu trach giam sdt viec thuc thi Ke hoach, bao gom nghien curu hoach dinh chfnh sdch, tuyen ngdn tranh cu va van de tranh cir, tham duyet vd de trinh cdc van kien chinh sdch len Ban Chap hdnh lodn qudc cvia Ddng. Ban Chap bdnh loan qudc se dem nhiing van kien ndy trung cau y kien ciia todn Ddng. Uy ban Chfnh sach co nhiem vu tiep thu cdc y kien cd lien quan, khdi thdo bao cdo chfnh sdch de trinh dl Dai hoi Ddng tranh luan vd thdng qua thdnh Nghj quyet^ Van kien chfnh sdch mgt khi dugc Dai hgi Ddng thdng qua la dugc dua vdo Cuong ITnh tranh cu cua Ddng vd dugc tbuc thi khi Dang thang cii len cim quyen. Uy ban Chfnh sdch ciing cd the lay nhiing van kien cd lien quan de triln khai boat dgng "ddi thoai giiia Ddng vd Chfnh phu", lidn hdnh tnmg cau dan y Thong qua cac moi lien he chat che vai cdc thdnh vien ciia Quoc hoi vd cdc quan chiic cao cap ciia chfnh phii, cdc chuyen gia Dennis Kavanagh, British Politics - Continuities and Change, Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 204. 18 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU EUROh cao cap Irong cac Uy ban co vai Iro quan Irong doi vai qua trinh hoach dinh chfnh sach quoc gia vi ho xae dinh chuang trinh lap phap cung nhu cac ITnh vuc chinh sach khae nhau cua dai song kinh te - chfnh tri van hoa xa hoi. Sir lac dong qua lai giiia eac ca che hoach dinh chfnh sach giup cho Dang xac dinh dugc cac van de chfnh sach truac khi nd dugc dua ra Noi cac hay Quoc hoi quN et dinh. Hai Id. nam giir nhirng uy ban quan trpng ciia Qudc hoi de kiC-m soat qua trinb lap phap. Cdc iiy ban thuoc Ha vien dugc giao chiic trach dieu tra cac sir vu va giam sal moi boat dgng cua cbinh phu. Khdc vdi mpt so nuac khac. Ha vien Anh khdng Ihanh lap cac u\ ban ihudng true de thuc hien nhiem vu lap phdp, md chi thdnh lap cac uy ban lam thai chuan bj cac du an luat cu the vd cdc li)' ban nay cbi xem xet du an luat sau khi da co nhung dong y ve nguyen tac ciia Nghi vien sau lan dgc Ihii bai. Viec lien hdnh thdo luan, Iranh cai cung nhu siia doi cdc du ludl chii yeu dugc tien hdnh lai cdc uy ban. Sau khi da hodn tat nhiing Ihii tuc tai cac uy ban chuyen mon, du luat dugc chuyen den phien hop lodn the cua Quoc hgi. Tai day, Cdng ddng se sir dung quyen cua da so de bd phieu thdng qua hoac chdng lai du luat bang da so ap ddo. Siic manh cua Ddng trong cdc uy ban dugc xac dinh bdri sir tucng quan lire lugng trong Quoc hgi. Trong thai gian cim quyen, Cong ddng thuong dua cac nghi sT cua minh giir chiic chii tich cdc uy ban quan trong (ngoai trir mgt so iiy ban co chiic nang giam sdt nhu Uy ban Tdi chfnh cong ) nhim kilm soat qud trinh thong qua chfnh f sach vd ngdn ngira khd ndng ldm tac nghgn qua Irinh lap phap bdri cdc ddng doi lap. Ngodi ra, Ddng con lim each bo nhiem cac nha quy lgc co cung lap truang vdo Thugng vien. Hiu het cac du luat truac khi dugc dua ra trinh Ha vien da dugc Ban lanh dao cua Dang thdo luan Iruac. Vi vay, cdc phien hpp loan the cua Ha vien dudng nhu chi Id de hgp phap boa cdc chinh sdch cua Ddng ma thoi. Ba Id, xay dung mgt he ihong ky luat chat che nham chi dao cac dang vien cua Ddng trong Quoc hgi bo phieu theo dinh hudng cua Ddng. Khi bo phieu lai Quoc hgi, cdc dang vien trong Dang Nghj vien khdng the bo phieu Iheo y chf ciia ban than, md bupc phai bd phieu Iheo y chi chung da dugc gidi lanh dao Irong Dang nhat tri thong qua. Dieu do cung de hieu, bai \ ice tra thdnh nghj sT cua hg Id do Dang diing ra gidi thieu. Cir tri bd phieu truac het la cho Dang, chir khong phai cho cd nhan cdc nghj sT tning cu. Ke cd trong Irudng hgp iing cii vien do von la ddng vien - quan chiic duong nhiem, sau khi xin ra khdi Ddng va tranh cir vdi tu cdch dgc lap. Thudng truac moi cugc bo philu quan trpng, cdc nghi sT thii ITnh Ddng trong Qudc hpi da cd cugc hgp tni bj rieng dl thdng nhai phuang an bo philu cua cac nghi sT. Thuc te chfnh trj cho thiy, sir trung thanh ddi vai phe phai, vai dang cua minh tra thanh mgt trong nhirng tieu chuan ciia cac nha chinh tri. Do vay, tinh trang "ddo ngG", khong bo phieu theo sir chi dao ciia Dang hau nhu kho co the jiLaij, nez 04L tt^ eJttla IUL tuuit Umig 19 xdy ra. Cd the noi, trong che do nghi vien ndi chung, mo hinh chfnh trj Anh quoc ndi rieng, ky luat ddng tdt (bd phieu theo djnh hudng r f X ciia Ddng) la yeu to quan trgng cho sir ton lai ciia Chfnh phii^ Cd the ndi, Cdng ddng da dp dung kha Ihanh cdng cdc ky nang kiem soat qud Irinh lap phap vd duy tri dugc quyen lanh dao cua minh Irong Quoc hpi, dac biel Id a Ha vien. Cdn khi khdng cam quyen, a vdo vj tri dang ddi lap trong Nghi vien, Cdng ddng cd trach nhiem lim ra sir khiem khuyet cua Ddng Bdo thu cam quyen, san sang thay the khi ddng ndy khdng cdn dugc cir tri tin nhiem. Ddi vdi Cff quan hdnh phdp: Theo ca che hien hdnh, Chfnh phii Anh qudc dugc hinh thdnh dua tren ca sa mpt ddng duy nhat cam quyen. Tbii tudng Id ngudi lanh dao ddng chiem da sd ghe trong Qudc bdi dugc bau. Dieu do ciing cd nghTa rang, cdc nguyen tac vd tbii luc lira chgn Thii ludng Id cdng viec bj chi phdi bdi cac ddng chfnh trj. Trong qua trinh tren, cdc nhd lanh dao chii chdt ciia Ddng Id nhiing ngudi cd quyen quyet djnh cao nhat. Trong khudn kho cua mo hinh Nghj vien, da so cdc dir luat dugc thong qua d Quoc hgi Id do ca quan hdnh phap chuan bj. Chfnh Ban Lanh dao Ddng, nhiing ngudi dang nam giir cac cucng vj trong bg may nhd nuac hoac chi giii nhirng cuong vj then chdt trong Ddng, Id lire lugng cbi dao bg mdy hdnh phap, md truac tien la thong qua Thu ^ Ng6 Huy Due, Ddng chinh tri a cdc nuac tu bdn chit nghTa, Thong tin Chinh trj hoc, s6 15/2003. tudng vd cdc bd Irudng. Nhirng nguai ndy se phdi chuan bj cdc du dn, cdc chfnh sach theo cdc de cuang da dugc cac uy ban chuyen mon ciia Ddng soan thdo. Vai quyen ra cac van bdn duai luat, liic Id true liep hoa cdc dieu khodn ciia luat, Chfnh pbu ciing luan thii cdc nguyen lac lanh dao cua Dang, the hien dugc linh than ma Ban lanh dao Ddng da thdng qua. Trong Irudng hgp xual hien nhirng bat dong Irong ngi bp Ddng, giira nhiing ngudi dang nam giii ca quan hdnh phap vai bp pban cdn lai trong Ddng, hoac giua dai dien cua cdc phe phai trong Chfnh phil, viec lanh dao ca quan ndy ciia Dang se dugc tbuc hien thdng qua cdc ddng vien trong Quoc bgi. Cdc ddng vien trong Ha vien se su dung quyen chat van ciia minh de buoc cac bo Irudng trong chfnh phii phai dieu chinh chinh sdch. O mpt miic dp cao ban, mpt vj bp trudng cd the phdi tir chiic do khdng tim ra dugc nhirng ddi sdch hieu qua. Ngodi ra, bang Id phieu cua minh, cdc ddng vien nghj sT trong Ha vien cd the bd phieu bat tfn nhiem ddi vai Chfnh phii, bupc Thu tudng ciing Ngi cdc phdi lir chire vd thay Ihl bang mpt e kfp lanh dao mai ciia Ddng. Tren thuc te, dieu ndy khd xdy ra. Nhin bl ngodi, viec Quoc hgi bdc bd cac dudng loi, chfnh sdch do Chfnh phii de xuat la bieu hien cua mau thuan giiia ca quan lap phdp ddi vai ca quan hdnh phdp, nhung thuc chit do ching qua chi Id bieu hien ciia nhirng mau thuan trong npi bg ciia ddng cam quyin md thdi. Ddi vdi Cff quan tir phdp: Tu phap la mot bg phan quan trong cua cong quyen. Sir chi phoi doi vdi ca quan tu 20 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU EURO- ==[u) s'^iflMvy [oMdV/iir^w/iuro^ii'rj'n 33\-5!011 phap Id mot mat quan trgng dc Ddng cam quycn ciing co dia \\ eua minh. (ung nhu nhilu dang chinh trj khac a eae nudrc phuang Tay, Cdng ddng khi cam quyen thudrng sir dung nhirng phuang thiic sau dc chi plidi ca quan lu phap: Mot Id, thdng qua Nghj vien dc qu> dinh kel cau \ a chirc nang ciia ca quan lu phap, Ihdng qua vice thirc Ihi dieu khoan cua phap luat dc quan Iricl y do chinh Iri cua ddng. Hai Id. thdng qua \iee gidi thieu hoac true liep bd nhiem nhan VICMI lu phap cap cao dc lac dpng lai ca quan lu phap. Do vay, ben canh \ i trf Huan luac Chuang an (Bp truang Bg Tu phdp), Cong ddng cung phdi lira chpn ngudi ddm nhiem chiic vu Chanh dn Tda dn Tdi cao. Bdi vi, Iheo luat phdp Anh, Chdnh an Tod an Tdi cao Id ngudri diing dau lu phap. nhung lai la thdnh vien cua Thugng vien, dong thai cdng la thdnh vien cua hdnh phdp, CO nghTa Id chiic vu ndy nam a giao diem ciia 3 nhanh quyen lire nhd nuac, vj trf ndy cd quyen can cii vdo de cii ciia ca quan vd cac td chiic tu phdp khdc nhau de bd nhiem chanh an Ida an cap thap vd Chdnh an Trj an. Thong qua vj Irf ndy, Cong ddng cd the phoi hgp mgt cdch hdi hoa giiia boat dong ciia ca quan tu phdp vai chfnh sdch cua chfnh phil. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Hien dgi hoa trong he thdng to chuc cua Cdng ddng Anh, Tap chf Nhiing vin dh CNXH the giai duong dai (Trung Qudc), s6 3/2002. 2. Nguyen Xuan TI - Dang Dinh Thanh, Vai trd ciia cdc ddng chinh tri ndi chung, dang cdm quyin ndi rieng ddi vdi nhd nu&c trong chu nghia tu hdn hien dgi (qua khdo .sdt mpt sc') md hinh tieu bieu). Tap chf Khoa hoc phap ly, so 1/2003. 3. Ngo Huy Diic, Ddng chinh Iri a cac nitdc lu bdn chii nghia, Bdn tin Thdng tin Chfnh tri hgc, so 15/2003. 4. Chu Thj Nhuan, Su dnh hudng cua cdc ddng chinh tri den chinh the nhd nudc mot sd qudc gia phuomg Tiiy, Tap chf Nghien ciiu Chau Au, s6 4 (70)/2006. 5. Luang Van Ke. Phucmg thuc cdm quyen cua cdc chinh ddng phuang Tdy, Thdng tin chuyen de, Vien TTKH. Hpc vien Chfnh trj - Hdnh chinh quoc gia Hd Chf Minh, s6 1/2010. 6. Tdi lieu Hgi thdo "Td chirc vd hogt dpng ciia ddng ddn chu xd hpi qua kinh nghiem cua Due, Thuy Dien. .Anh ", do Hpc vien Chfnh trj Hdnh chinh qudc gia Hd Chi Minh vd Vien FES 16 chiic. Ha Npi 11- 12/10/2011. 7 Bill Jones & Dennis Kavanagh, British politics today, Manchester University Press, 1998 8. Dennis Kavanagh, British Politics - Continuities and Change, Oxford University Press, 2000. 9. David Butler and Gareth Butler, Thwentieth-Century British Political Facts 1900-2000, Macmiland Press, London 2000. 10. Paul Webb, The Modern British Party System, SAGE Publications Ltd 2000. . a lanh lu. Neu cac nghi sT cua Cong ddng lam cho danh du cua Ddng bi ton bai thi lanh tu Ddng cd quycn khai trir hg ra khoi Dang Thong qua nhirng quy djnh dd, quyen han cua Ban Lanh dao. (Labour Party). Nam 1924, lan dau tien Cdng dang tra thanh dang cam quyen d Vuong qudc Anh va tiep dd, Cong dang da nam quydn lanh dao dat nuac qua cac thai ky 1929-1931, 1945-1951, 1964-1970, . nguai mdt phieu'' bau lanh lu. Nam 1994, Tony Blair Ird thanh Chu lich Dang, duai khau bieu xay dung "Cdng dang mai" (New Labour) da lien banh cai each Cdng dang, lam cho