networking for dummies 7th

by Doug Lowe Networking FOR DUMmIES ‰ 7TH EDITION 01_57583X ffirs.qxd 10/4/04 11:27 AM Page iii Networking For Dummies ® , 7th Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 Copyright © 2005 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permis- sion of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. 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Library of Congress Control Number: 2004107904 ISBN: 0-7645-7583-X Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 7O/SQ/RQ/QU/IN 01_57583X ffirs.qxd 10/4/04 11:27 AM Page iv About the Author Doug Lowe has written a whole bunch of computer books, including more than 35 For Dummies books (such as PowerPoint 2003 For Dummies, Word 2003 All-In-One Desk Reference For Dummies, Networking All-In-One Desk Reference For Dummies, and Internet Explorer 6 For Dummies). He lives in that sunny All-American City of Fresno, California, which isn’t nearly as close to San Francisco as most people think, with his wife and two of his daughters (the other one’s away at college). He’s one of those obsessive-compulsive decorating nuts who puts up tens of thousands of lights at Christmas and creates computer-controlled Halloween decorations that rival Disney’s Haunted Mansion. Maybe his next book should be Tacky Holiday Decorations For Dummies. (For pictures, check out his Web site at www.LoweWriter.com.) 01_57583X ffirs.qxd 10/4/04 11:27 AM Page v Dedication To Debbie, Rebecca, Sarah, and Bethany. Author’s Acknowledgments The list of thank-yous for this book is long and goes back several years. I’d like to first thank John Kilcullen, David Solomon, Janna Custer, Erik Fafforn, Grag Robertson, and Ray Marshall for all of their help with the first edition. Those who worked on subsequent editions include Tim Gallan, Mary Goodwin, Joe Salmeri, Jennifer Ehrlich, Constance Carlisle, and Jamey L. Marcum, Jeanne S. Criswell, Ted Cains, Jamey L. Marcum, Danna Lesh, Rebekah Mancilla, Becky Huehls, Amy Pettinella, Suzanne Thomas, Garret Pease, and Andrea Boucher. Each of these people made valuable contributions to the content, readability, and accuracy that have paved the way for the current edition. Now, for the seventh edition, I’d like to thank project editor Christopher Morris, who did a great job overseeing all the editorial work that was required to put this book together. I’d also like to thank Dan DiNicolo, who once again gave the entire manuscript a thorough technical look-through and offered many excellent suggestions, and copy editor Barry Childs-Helton, who maid sure there whir know spelling hair ores. And, as always, thanks to all the behind-the-scenes people who chipped in with help I’m not even aware of. Oh, and I’d also like to thank Becca Freeman. She didn’t have anything to do with this book, but I thought it would make her happy to see her name in print. 01_57583X ffirs.qxd 10/4/04 11:27 AM Page vii Publisher’s Acknowledgments We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registration form located at www.dummies.com/register/. Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial, and Media Development Project Editor: Christopher Morris Acquisitions Editor: Melody Layne Senior Copy Editor: Barry Childs-Helton Technical Editor: Dan DiNicolo Editorial Manager: Kevin Kirschner Media Development Specialist: Angela Denny Media Development Manager: Laura VanWinkle Media Development Supervisor: Richard Graves Editorial Assistant: Amanda Foxworth Cartoons: Rich Tennant, www.the5thwave.com Composition Project Coordinator: Erin Smith Layout and Graphics: Andrea Dahl, Lauren Goddard, Denny Hager, Joyce Haughey, Michael Kruzil, Heather Ryan, Rashell Smith, Julie Trippetti Proofreaders: Laura Albert, John Greenough, Carl William Pierce, TECHBOOKS Production Services Indexer: TECHBOOKS Production Services Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher Mary Bednarek, Executive Editorial Director Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director Publishing for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director Composition Services Gerry Fahey, Vice President of Production Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services 01_57583X ffirs.qxd 10/4/04 11:27 AM Page viii Contents at a Glance Introduction 1 Part I: Getting Started with Networking 7 Chapter 1: Networks Will Not Take Over the World, and Other Network Basics 9 Chapter 2: Life on the Network 21 Chapter 3: Using a Network Printer 33 Chapter 4: Sharing Your Files and Printers 45 Chapter 5: Mr. McFeeley’s Guide to E-mail 51 Chapter 6: Using Microsoft Office on a Network 61 Part II: Building Your Own Network 67 Chapter 7: The Bad News: You Have to Plan Ahead 69 Chapter 8: Understanding Network Operating Systems 87 Chapter 9: Oh, What a Tangled Web We Weave: Cables, Adapters, and Other Stuff 103 Chapter 10: Setting Up a Wireless Network 129 Chapter 11: Configuring Client Computers 147 Part III: Network Management For Dummies 159 Chapter 12: Help Wanted: Job Description for a Network Administrator 161 Chapter 13: Big Brother’s Guide to Network Security 173 Chapter 14: If I Could Save Time in a Bottleneck: Optimizing Your Network’s Performance 189 Chapter 15: How to Sleep Well at Night (Or, Backing Up Your Network Data) 199 Chapter 16: Major Annoyances 213 Chapter 17: Network Troubleshooting 223 Chapter 18: How to Stay on Top of Your Network and Keep the Users Off Your Back 239 Part IV: Network Operating Systems 245 Chapter 19: Windows Server 2003 247 Chapter 20: NetWare 6 and 6.5 275 Chapter 21: Using a Linux Server 297 Chapter 22: Macintosh Networking 315 02_57583X ftoc.qxd 10/4/04 11:28 AM Page ix Part V: TCP/IP and the Internet 321 Chapter 23: Connecting Your Network to the Internet 323 Chapter 24: Understanding IP Addresses 331 Chapter 25: Configuring Your Network for DHCP 345 Part VI: The Part of Tens 353 Chapter 26: Ten Big Network Mistakes 355 Chapter 27: Ten Networking Commandments 361 Chapter 28: Ten Things You Should Keep in Your Closet 365 Chapter 29: Ten Network Gizmos Only Big Networks Need 369 Chapter 30: Ten Layers of the OSI Model 377 Index 383 02_57583X ftoc.qxd 10/4/04 11:28 AM Page x Table of Contents Introduction 1 About This Book 1 How to Use This Book 2 What You Don’t Need to Read 3 Foolish Assumptions 3 How This Book Is Organized 3 Part I: Getting Started with Networking 4 Part II: Building Your Own Network 4 Part III: Network Management For Dummies 4 Part IV: Network Operating Systems 4 Part V: TCP/IP and the Internet 5 Part VI: The Part of Tens 5 Icons Used in This Book 5 Where to Go from Here 6 Part I: Getting Started with Networking 7 Chapter 1: Networks Will Not Take Over the World, and Other Network Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 What Is a Network? 10 Why Bother? 12 Servers and Clients 13 Dedicated Servers and Peers 14 The NOS Choice 15 What Makes a Network Tick? 16 It’s Not a Personal Computer Anymore! 17 The Network Manager 19 What Have They Got That You Don’t Got? 20 Chapter 2: Life on the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Distinguishing between Local Resources and Network Resources 21 What’s in a Name? 22 Logging On to the Network 23 Understanding Shared Folders 25 Oh, the Network Places You’ll Go 26 Mapping Network Drives 28 02_57583X ftoc.qxd 10/4/04 11:28 AM Page xi Four Good Uses for a Shared Folder 29 Use it to store files that everybody needs 29 Use it to store your own files 30 Use it as a pit stop for files on their way to other users 30 Use it to back up your local hard drive 31 Using a Network Printer 31 Logging Off the Network 32 Chapter 3: Using a Network Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 What’s So Special about Network Printing? 34 A printer in every port 34 Printer configuration 35 Spooling and the print queue 37 What is a print job? 38 Adding a Network Printer 38 Using a Network Printer 40 Playing with the Print Queue 41 Using Windows Print Queue Tricks 42 What to Do When the Printer Jams 43 Chapter 4: Sharing Your Files and Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Enabling File and Printer Sharing 45 Sharing a Hard Drive or Folder 47 Sharing a Printer 49 Chapter 5: Mr. McFeeley’s Guide to E-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 E-mail and Why It’s So Cool 51 Sending and receiving e-mail 52 Understanding the mail server 53 Microsoft Outlook 54 Sending e-mail 54 Reading your e-mail 56 Dealing with attachments 57 E-mail Etiquette 57 Chapter 6: Using Microsoft Office on a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Installing Office on a Network — Some Options 62 Accessing Network Files 62 Using Workgroup Templates 64 Networking an Access Database 66 Part II: Building Your Own Network 67 Chapter 7: The Bad News: You Have to Plan Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Making a Network Plan 69 Being Purposeful 70 Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition xii 02_57583X ftoc.qxd 10/4/04 11:28 AM Page xii Taking Stock 71 What you need to know 71 Programs that gather information for you 74 To Dedicate, or Not to Dedicate: That Is the Question 75 Types of Servers 75 File servers 76 Print servers 76 Web servers 76 Mail servers 76 Database servers 77 Choosing a Server Operating System 77 Planning the Infrastructure 78 Drawing Diagrams 78 Sample Network Plans 80 Building a small network: California Sport Surface, Inc. 80 Connecting two networks: Creative Course Development, Inc. 82 Improving network performance: DCH Accounting 84 Chapter 8: Understanding Network Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . .87 Network Operating System Features 87 Network support 88 File-sharing services 88 Multitasking 89 Directory services 89 Security services 90 Microsoft’s Server Operating Systems 91 Windows NT 4 Server 91 Windows 2000 Server 92 Windows Server 2003 94 Novell NetWare 95 NetWare versions 96 NetWare 6 features 96 NetWare 6.5 97 Other Server Operating Systems 98 Linux 98 Apple Mac OS X Server 98 Peer-to-Peer Networking with Windows 99 Advantages of peer-to-peer networks 99 Drawbacks of peer-to-peer networks 99 Networking with Windows XP 100 Older Windows versions 101 Chapter 9: Oh, What a Tangled Web We Weave: Cables, Adapters, and Other Stuff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 What Is Ethernet? 104 All About Cable 106 Cable categories 107 What’s with the pairs? 108 xiii Table of Contents 02_57583X ftoc.qxd 10/4/04 11:28 AM Page xiii [...]... Layer 381 Layer 6: The Presentation Layer 381 Layer 7: The Application Layer 381 Index 383 xxi xxii Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition Introduction W elcome to the seventh edition of Networking For Dummies, the book that’s written especially for people who have this nagging feeling in the back of their minds that they should network their computers but haven’t a clue as... a message or information that you see on the screen, I present it as follows: A message from your friendly network Introduction This book rarely directs you elsewhere for information — just about everything that you need to know about networks is right here But if you do find the need for additional information, there are plenty of other For Dummies books that can help If you have a networking question... Securing Your Users .188 Chapter 14: If I Could Save Time in a Bottleneck: Optimizing Your Network’s Performance 189 Why Administrators Hate Performance Problems 190 What Exactly Is a Bottleneck? .191 xv xvi Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition The Five Most Common Network Bottlenecks 192 The hardware inside your servers 192 The server’s... each one covering a specific aspect of networking — such as printing on the network, hooking up network cables, or setting up security so that bad guys can’t break in Just turn to the chapter you’re interested in and start reading 2 Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition Each chapter is divided into self-contained chunks, all related to the major theme of the chapter For example, the chapter on hooking... Private and public addresses 343 Network Address Translation .343 Chapter 25: Configuring Your Network for DHCP 345 Understanding DHCP 345 Configuration information provided by DHCP 346 DHCP servers 346 xix xx Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition Understanding Scopes 347 Feeling excluded? .348 Reservations suggested .348 How... reading them in order (if you want 3 4 Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition to read the whole thing) makes sense But the book is modular enough that you can pick it up and start reading at any point Here’s the lowdown on what’s in each of the six parts Part I: Getting Started with Networking The chapters in this part present a layperson’s introduction to what networking is all about This is a good place... shortcut or a little-used command that pays off big 5 6 Networking For Dummies, 7th Edition Did I tell you about the memory course I took? Danger, Will Robinson! This icon highlights information that may help you avert disaster Where to Go from Here Yes, you can get there from here With this book in hand, you’re ready to plow right through the rugged networking terrain Browse through the table of contents... of software has to be set up just right For peer-to-peer networking with Windows, you have to play with the Control Panel to get networking to work And network operating systems such as Windows Server 2003 or Novell’s NetWare require a substantial amount of tweaking to get them to work just right For more information about choosing which network software to use for your network, refer to Chapter 8 To... help If you have a networking question that isn’t covered in this book, allow me to suggest my own Networking All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies — it’s a much-expanded reference book that goes deeper into specific network operating systems and TCP/IP protocols You can also find plenty of other For Dummies books that cover just about every operating system and application program known to humanity... in plenty of older networks, but if you are building a new network, use twisted-pair cable For the complete lowdown on networking cables, refer to Chapter 9 You can do away with network cable by creating a wireless network, though that option has some challenges of its own For more information about wireless networking, see Chapter 10 ߜ Network hub: If your network is set up using twisted-pair cable, . more than 35 For Dummies books (such as PowerPoint 2003 For Dummies, Word 2003 All-In-One Desk Reference For Dummies, Networking All-In-One Desk Reference For Dummies, and Internet Explorer 6 For Dummies) by Doug Lowe Networking FOR DUMmIES ‰ 7TH EDITION 01_57583X ffirs.qxd 10/4/04 11:27 AM Page iii Networking For Dummies ® , 7th Edition Published by Wiley Publishing,. Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies. com, and related trade dress