Wireless Home Networking for dummies phần 5 docx

Apple’s AirPort products use the same Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) IEEE 802.11b technology that has become the most popular wireless networking standard. Apple computers equipped with AirPort Cards can connect to any Wi-Fi–com- patible 2.4 GHz wireless network — regardless of whether the network uses Apple equipment — including Windows wireless networks. At the Macworld tradeshow in January 2003, Apple announced a new AirPort Extreme Card and Base Station that uses the draft IEEE 802.11g technology that can transfer data up to 54 Mbps and can handle up to 50 Mac and Windows users simultaneously. These new products are backward compati- ble with the older AirPort equipment; however, the new AirPort Extreme Card will install only in Apple computers that have a mini-PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slot inside. Pick an AirPort Card, any card Apple computer models were the first on the market to feature a special wire- less adapter — the AirPort Card — as an option. The AirPort Card, with a retail price of $99, is very similar to a PC Card (a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association [PCMCIA] Card) but is designed to be installed in a special AirPort slot inside an Apple computer. You should not try to use it in a PC Card slot found on most laptop computers. The AirPort Extreme Card is a mini-PCI card. It is designed to fit inside an Apple computer, such as several of the newest PowerBook G4s, but will not fit in the original AirPort slot. Likewise, an AirPort Card will not fit in a mini- PCI slot. The AirPort Extreme card also has a retail price of $99. It will con- nect to the original AirPort Base Stations but will also connect to the new AirPort Extreme Base Station that can transmit data up to 54 Mbps, almost five times faster than the original AirPort. Lucent designed and manufactures the AirPort Card for Apple and also manu- factures a very similar card for other vendors (such as ORiNOCO, a Proxim brand) but with an antenna built into the card. These Lucent PC Cards are too long and fat to fit in the slot intended for AirPort Cards, but they can be used in PC Card-slot–equipped PowerBook laptop computers, as well as in current and older Apple desktop computers, through the use of a special adapter card that fits into a Macintosh PCI slot. A few other vendors (such as Proxim) offer wireless networking cards that will work in Apple Macintosh computers’ PCI slots or PC Card slots, but most Apple computer users buy the AirPort Card because it can be installed inside the computer and attached to the built-in antenna. 136 Part III: Installing a Wireless Network Apple AirPort-ready computers The Apple computer models that are compatible with the AirPort Card are ߜ iBook: All iBook models. ߜ PowerBook: The PowerBook (FireWire) and some PowerBook G4. Several of the newest PowerBook G4 models are AirPort Extreme-ready rather than Airport-ready. ߜ iMac: The iMac (slot-loading except 350 MHz model), iMac (Summer 2000 except Indigo 350 MHz model), iMac (early 2001), iMac (Summer 2001), and iMac (flat panel). You also need an AirPort Card Adapter to install an AirPort Card into any AirPort-ready, G3-based, slot-loading iMac. ߜ Power Mac G4: All models except Power Mac G4 (PCI Graphics). Apple computers that are equipped for installation of an AirPort Card have an antenna built into the body of the computer. When you install the AirPort Card, you attach the AirPort Card to the built-in antenna. (All radios need an antenna to be able to send and receive radio signals, and wireless networking cards are no exception.) You can use any standard PC Card Wi-Fi card in an older PowerBook (or Power Mac with a PC Card adapter installed) if you can find drivers. The open source driver project is located at SourceForge ( http://wireless driver.sourceforge.net/ ). Installing an AirPort Card Apple considers the AirPort Card a user-installable upgrade, which means that the procedure is very straightforward and easy to accomplish. The exact steps vary depending on which computer you have. Your Apple dealer or local Apple retail store will probably install an AirPort for you rather cheaply ($20 or so) if you don’t feel comfortable getting inside your Mac. If you purchase the AirPort Card in a retail box, it often comes installed in an iMac AirPort Card adapter. This adapter is required to install the card in an iMac, but you must remove it if you’re going to install the card in an iBook, a PowerBook, or a Power Mac G4. 137 Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Mac Network 1. Shut down the computer. 2. Unplug the appropriate cabling: • For models except the iMac and Power Mac G4: Unplug all cables, such as the power, keyboard, mouse, printer cables, modem, and so on. • For the iMac and Power Mac G4: Leave the power cord plugged in for now. 3. To avoid discharging damaging static electricity through the AirPort Card, be sure to touch a metal part on the computer chassis before touching the AirPort Card to the computer. Or even better, purchase an electrostatic discharge (ESD) strap from a local electronics or computer store. Place the strap on your wrist and clip the end of the cable to the computer’s chassis. • For the iBook: Turn it over, use a coin to remove the battery cover, and remove the battery. Turn the computer back over so that the keyboard is facing up and then release the keyboard by sliding the two plastic tabs (between the Esc and F1 keys and between the F8 and F9 keys) away from the display. Lift the keyboard, turn it over, and lay it on the front portion of the computer. If you are not wearing an ESD strap: To discharge static electric- ity, touch any one of the metal surfaces inside the iBook with your hand — not with the AirPort Card. • For the PowerBook: Remove the battery from the expansion bay. If you’ve locked down the keyboard, open the locking screw (between the F4 and F5 keys) and then release the keyboard by sliding the two plastic tabs away from the display. Lift the key- board, turn it over, and lay it on the front portion of the computer. If you are not wearing an ESD strap: To discharge static electric- ity, touch any one of the metal surfaces inside the PowerBook with your hand — not with the AirPort Card. • For the iMac: You can use a coin to open the access panel on the back of the computer and then touch the metal shield inside the recessed latch. Then unplug the power cord. • In a Power Mac G4: You can touch the metal PCI access covers on the back of the computer and then unplug the power cord. 4. Locate the antenna cable and plug it into the end of AirPort Card. • In the iBook: The antenna cable is tucked under a wire clip that’s exposed when you remove the keyboard. Insert the round connector at the end of the cable into the hole at the end of the AirPort Card. • In a PowerBook: Remove the screws that hold down the internal heat shield and lift out the heat shield. Locate the antenna cable and plug it into the end of the AirPort Card. 138 Part III: Installing a Wireless Network • In an iMac: The antenna cable is attached to the left rail guide. Detach it and remove the cap from the end of the cable. Insert the cable’s connector into the hole at the end of the AirPort Card. • In a PowerMac G4: Release the latch on the side of the computer and lower the side. You’ll find the antenna in the side of the PCI card guide. Plug the cable into the AirPort Card. 5. Insert the card, with the cable attached, into the AirPort Card slot. • For the iBook: Flip up the wire clip and then slide the card, with the AirPort label facing down, under the clip and between the edge guides until it fits snuggly in the slot that’s beneath the back edge of the trackpad. Then flip down the clip to hold the card and cable in place. Replace the keyboard, slip the plastic tabs (between the Esc and F1 keys and between the F8 and F9 keys) closed, and rein- stall the battery. • In a PowerBook: Insert the card, with antenna cable attached, into the AirPort Card slot at the upper-left corner of the compartment beneath the keyboard, just above the PowerBook’s PC Card slot. The card’s AirPort label should be facing downward, and any bar code or product ID numbers should be facing upward. Replace the heat shield and the keyboard. • In an iMac: Turn the AirPort Card (still in the iMac AirPort Card Adapter) sideways and insert the AirPort Card into the slot while aligning the edges of the card with the card-edge guides. Close the access panel and reconnect the cables. • In a Power Mac: Slide the card through the opening in the PCI card guide and into the AirPort Card socket on the main logic board. Close the case and reconnect the cables. “Come in, AirPort Base Station, over . . .” The Apple access point (AP) is the AirPort Base Station (ABS, to those in the know). In addition to serving as a wireless AP, it can act as a cable/digital sub- scriber line (DSL) router and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, which automatically assigns a network address to every computer on a network. It even has a built-in dialup modem in case you connect to the Internet that way. The ABS can be used to connect to American Online (AOL) — most access points don’t even have dialup modems any more. And very few can connect to AOL. If you don’t have broadband and use AOL, consider buying an ABS as your access point for a Mac network (or even a Windows network) to get this capability. 139 Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Mac Network The exterior of the original version of the AirPort Base Station is a gray color (Graphite). The newest AirPort Base Station is white — the Snow AirPort. The Graphite AirPort Base Station has one Ethernet port that you can use to connect to a cable or a DSL modem so that you can share Internet connectiv- ity among your networked computers. The Snow AirPort Base Station has two Ethernet ports: a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN). The WAN port connects to your broadband modem, and the LAN port enables you to connect a small, wired network to the Base Station and use the Base Station as a DHCP server and as a cable/DSL router for your wired network as well as your wireless network. (Skip back to Chapter 2 for more about DHCP servers and cable/DSL routers.) The AirPort Base Station, both the Graphite and Snow versions, also has a 56 Kbps dialup modem that enables you to connect your wireless network to the Internet via a regular phone line, assuming that you have an account with a dialup Internet service provider (ISP). (But see the discussion of connecting to AOL in the “AirPort 2.0 software” section of this chapter.) The AirPort Extreme Base Station is white, like the Snow version, but is based on the draft IEEE 802.11g technology rather than IEEE 802.11b technology. (Jump back to Chapter 2 for more about these two technology standards.) As a result, the AirPort Extreme Base Station is capable of transmitting data at 54 Mbps, nearly five times faster than the Graphite and Snow AirPort Base Stations. AirPort Card-equipped Macs can still connect to the AirPort Base Station Extreme but will not enjoy the higher speed. You need an AirPort Extreme card equipped Mac to take full advantage of this state-of-the-art Base Station. In addition, the AirPort Extreme Base Station includes a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port to which you can connect a printer. All computers accessing the wireless network can then print to this printer. Another new feature of the AirPort Extreme Base Station is a bridging feature. You can now use two base stations together to extend the range of your wire- less network without the need to run network cabling between the two base stations. The AirPort Extreme Base Station offers all these new features and is less expensive than its predecessors. (Both earlier Base Station models had a retail price of $299.) There are two models of the AirPort Extreme Base Station. The basic model has all the features described earlier (sells for $199), and the deluxe model (retail price of $249) adds a v.90 (56 Kbps) modem and a port for attaching an external range-extending antenna. 140 Part III: Installing a Wireless Network Apple AirPort Software Updates Apple has been a pioneer in wireless networking, but as more and more people use wireless networking and as the number of companies producing Wi-Fi equipment grows, Apple has continued to improve its wireless prod- ucts. Amazingly, the majority of the improvements can be applied to the origi- nal AirPort Card and AirPort Base Station through software upgrades. In general, if you keep your Mac OS software current (as of this writing, Mac OS v. 10.2.3) and your AirPort firmware up to date, you will be able to take advantage of most of the new wireless networking features. (Note: You cannot upgrade an AirPort Card to an AirPort Extreme Card through a firmware update.) Rather than waiting to release all new features at once, Apple continually puts out updates to its AirPort software. Read on to discover how each of the new versions of AirPort software can benefit your wireless network. AirPort 2.0 software When Apple released the Snow AirPort Base Station, it upgraded the AirPort software to version 2.0. Your computer must have Mac OS v. 9.0.4 or later to install this software. Compared with the original Graphite AirPort Base Station, AirPort 2.0 adds the following features: ߜ America Online compatibility: If you use AOL to connect to the Internet over a dialup phone connection, AOL’s unique login protocol has been a stumbling block that has prevented you from connecting to the Internet through your AirPort’s built-in modem — until now. Apple and AOL have collaborated and come up with a way to enable AOL customers to use AirPort. At the time of this writing, AirPort is the only wireless AP with a built-in modem that also works with AOL. (Note: AOL users can wire- lessly connect to AOL using any Wi-Fi wireless network that’s connected to the Internet via a cable or DSL modem.) ߜ 128-bit encryption: The security features have been improved in several ways including support for 128-bit encryption. Earlier versions of the base station software supported only 64-bit encryption. Note: You cannot upgrade the Graphite Base Station to 128-bit encryption, but you can upgrade your AirPort Cards to 128-bit. ߜ RADIUS authentication and Cisco LEAP client support: Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) and Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP) are enhanced security options of inter- est to corporate and university IS departments . . . and are a nice bonus for a wireless home network. 141 Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Mac Network ߜ Support for up to 50 users: The Graphite AirPort Base Station can handle as many as ten wireless network client devices. The Snow AirPort Base Station can handle up to 50 users (up to about 30 simultaneously). For home use, however, you probably will never exceed ten users. AirPort 2.0.4 software But Apple didn’t stop adding features with AirPort 2.0. The last version of AirPort 2.0 software that will install on Mac OS 9 (actually version 9.2.1 or higher) is AirPort 2.0.4. In addition to the features in AirPort 2.0, it adds the following: ߜ Windows VPN support: The AirPort Base Station is now compatible with Windows Virtual Private Networking (VPN) software that uses Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) or Internet Protocol Security (IPSec). This is big for businesses and home offices of employees who want to connect to the main company network over the Internet. ߜ Incoming remote connections: The AirPort Base Station now supports incoming calls from other computers to the modem port to allow remote access to the network to which the AirPort Base Station is attached. ߜ Multiple connections to port-mapped services: This feature is for advanced users and small business owners who plan to host one or more servers on their network. If you plan to host a Web server, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server, or other public server on your system, you can now map the public ports on the AirPort Base Station to specific private ports on one or more computers on your private network. This feature also comes in handy if you want to connect other devices, such as an Xbox game console, to the AirPort and to Xbox live gaming service. Most home broadband ISPs don’t permit you to operate a server on your home computer because you could potentially hog the bandwidth on their broadband network. For this reason, many broadband service providers meter the upload speeds on home accounts to a rate that would be too slow to host a Web site or other Internet site. AirPort 2.0.5 software If you want to take advantage of future upgrades to the AirPort software beyond version 2.0.4, you’ll have to upgrade your computer’s operating system to at least OS X version 10.1.5. AirPort 2.0.5 is not available for Mac OS 9 computers. You can use AirPort 2.0.5 software to configure or upgrade your AirPort hardware to add the following features: 142 Part III: Installing a Wireless Network ߜ Updated firmware: Version 2.0.5 of the AirPort software includes the latest version of the firmware (the product’s feature set stored as soft- ware on chips inside the card or base station) for both AirPort Cards and AirPort Base Station (v. 4.0.7). Apple recommends this firmware update to customers who have problems connecting to their ISP or to secure Web sites. ߜ Improved PPPoE support: Many DSL broadband ISPs use a special protocol — Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) — to provide a very fast Internet connection over normal telephone lines. AirPort 2.0.5 offers improved PPPoE support compared with previous software versions. AirPort 2.1.1 software The most current AirPort software (at the time of this writing) is AirPort 2.1.1. If your Mac is running OS version 10.2 (Jaguar) or later, you can use AirPort 2.1.1 to configure or upgrade your AirPort hardware. As is true with AirPort 2.0.5, version 2.1.1of the AirPort software includes the latest version of the firmware for both AirPort Cards and AirPort Base Station. In addition, AirPort 2.1.1 adds the following features: ߜ Verizon DSL: This update corrects problems that sometimes occurred with e-mail when an AirPort network was connected to the Internet via Verizon DSL services. ߜ Added security: The Base Station administrator (you) can now turn off the capability to configure the AirPort Base Station over the second Ethernet port (the WAN port of the Snow Base Station; see the earlier sec- tion “Come in, AirPort Base Station, over . . .”). This eliminates the possi- bility that someone could reconfigure your Base Station over the Internet. ߜ Password compatibility: AirPort 2.1.1 software makes it easier to enter network passwords when you want to connect to a Microsoft Windows- based wireless network. The new software automatically distinguishes between alphanumeric (American Standard Code for Information Interchange; ASCII) and hexadecimal passwords. With earlier versions of the software, to connect to a Wired Equivalent Privacy protocol- (WEP) encrypted Windows-based network, you had to type quotation marks around alphanumeric values and type a dollar sign character ($) in front of hexadecimal numbers. Read the “Connecting to Non-Apple-Based Wireless Networks” section of this chapter for more on this issue. 143 Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Mac Network OS 9 Wireless Networks When Apple released the first AirPort wireless network concurrently with the release of the first iBook, the most current Apple operating system software was Mac OS 8.6. Apple has since updated the original Mac OS to version 9.2 (9.2.2 at the time of this writing). All Apple computers that are AirPort ready can be upgraded to Mac OS 9.2, although it might not be a free upgrade. This section of the chapter covers configuring your AirPort Card in Mac OS 9.2 but doesn’t cover earlier versions of this operating system. If your computer runs Mac OS X (which isn’t an update of the original Mac OS; it’s a completely new operating system), see the “OS X Wireless Networks” section later in this chapter. Although you still might be able to find an original (Graphite) AirPort Base Station to purchase, the most current and full-featured model is the dual- Ethernet port (Snow) AirPort Base Station with AirPort 2.0 (or higher) soft- ware. Nonetheless, AirPort 2.0 software will install and configure the Graphite or Snow AirPort Base Stations. The major differences between the two ver- sions are the second Ethernet port and 128-bit encryption of the Snow Base Station. And don’t forget that the new AirPort Extreme Base Station that can transmit data at 54 Mbps and comes with a built-in print server. AirPort 2.1.1 is the most current version of the AirPort software at the writing of this book, but it won’t install under OS 9.2. Consequently, the following dis- cussion describes the steps and shows screen images that relate to AirPort 2.0.4, which is the last version that will install and set up an AirPort Base Station on OS 9. If you have access to a computer that has OS X installed, consider using that computer to configure your AirPort Base Station. The AOL compatibility fea- ture of AirPort 2.0.4 software and later versions of the AirPort software can be added and configured only from OS X. Even though a CD containing AirPort software is distributed with both the Base Station and the AirPort Card, check out the Apple Web site www.info. apple/support/downloads.html to make sure that you have the latest version of the AirPort software before setting up your AirPort network. To set up an AirPort Base Station using the AirPort 2.0.4 software, you must have the Base Station itself as well as the following: ߜ An AirPort-ready computer with an AirPort Card, or a PowerBook G3 with either a Lucent WaveLAN or an ORiNOCO PC Card ߜ Mac OS v. 9.2.1 or later 144 Part III: Installing a Wireless Network When you run the AirPort software installation, you first install (or upgrade) software on your computer and then upgrade the firmware that’s built into the AirPort Base Station. Finally, you configure the Base Station. The sections that follow take you through the process step by step. Installing AirPort software on Mac OS 9 To install AirPort software on your computer, follow these steps: 1. Close all open applications. The installation process will cause the computer to restart, and you cer- tainly don’t want to lose any of your work. 2. If you’re installing the software from a CD-ROM, insert the CD-ROM and double-click the Install Mac OS 9 file. Alternatively, you can download the most current version of the soft- ware from the Apple Web site ( www.info.apple/support/down- loads.html ) and then double-click the Apple SW Install file. The Welcome window appears, as shown in Figure 8-1. 3. Click the Continue button to display the Select Destination window, choose the drive where you want the software to be installed from the Destination Disk list, and then click the Select button to display the Software License Agreement. 4. Read the license agreement; if you agree, click the Continue button and then click the Agree button to display the About AirPort window. Figure 8-1: The AirPort 2.0.4 Install AirPort Welcome screen. 145 Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Mac Network [...]... same area code For example, the local IP addresses 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0 .55 are on the same subnet, but the IP addresses 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.1 .55 are not Note that the number after the second dot (referred to by computer geeks as the third octet) must be the same for the address to be in the same subnet In addition, all must have the same subnet mask, which is typically 255 . 255 . 255 .0 A subnet... 1 65 166 Part III: Installing a Wireless Network Figure 9-1: A wireless home network using a wireless Internet gateway device shares an Internet connection with wired and wireless computers Wired PC 198.162.1.6 Wireless PC 198.162.1 .5 Wireless PC 198.162.1.4 Internet 209.211.202.11 is delivered from the modem Cable/DSL modem Wireless Internet gateway/DHCP (198.162.1.1) Wireless PC 198.162.1.3 Wired PC... become so popular is the interoperability between wireless networking equipment from different vendors Apple wireless networking equipment is no exception You can even use a Windows or Linux computer to connect to an Apple AirPort Base Station The procedure for entering the wireless network parameters in non-Apple wireless software for configuring a wireless network adapter varies by manufacturer Follow... enable your computer and the Base Station to communicate Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Mac Network 4 Close the control panel; if prompted to save changes, click the Save button 5 To check whether TCP/IP is properly configured, repeat Steps 1 and 2 The IP address should now be listed as 10.0.1.2 with subnet mask 255 . 255 . 255 .0 and router address 10.0.1.1 If you don’t see these numbers, check that the... computers on the subnet The actual numbers used to identify the subnet are the subnet mask As we mention previously, you’ll typically use 255 . 255 . 255 .0 as your subnet mask The important thing is to ensure that all the computers and devices connected to your wireless home network also have that same subnet mask assigned to them — otherwise, they won’t connect to the Internet Most of the time, you don’t... computer 157 158 Part III: Installing a Wireless Network • Broadband Using PPPoE: If you select the Cable Modem or DSL Using PPPoE option, the PPPoE Access panel presents text boxes for entering an account name, password, and other account information sometimes required by PPPoE providers Again, in most cases, this information is automatically copied from your computer After you enter the appropriate information,... with non-Apple wireless hardware and software) to your AirPort Network: 159 160 Part III: Installing a Wireless Network 1 Select the network name of the AirPort Base Station The wireless network adapter configuration software will usually present a list of available wireless networks in range of the adapter Select the network name that you assigned to the AirPort Base Station from the list For example,... Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networking requires that every machine or device connecting has to have a unique IP address For information to get to its proper destination, every piece of information has to contain the IP address that it came from and the IP address that it’s going to for it to get from one point to another A NAT server allows for the conversion of one IP address to one... Check with your ISP for instructions on getting connected • If you connect to the Internet by dialup modem: Connect the telephone line to the phone line port on the Base Station • If you connect to the Internet by DSL or cable modem: Use an Ethernet cable to connect the modem to the Base Station’s WAN port 155 156 Part III: Installing a Wireless Network 2 Double-click the desktop icon for the hard disk... easiest way to set it up for use in your wireless home network is to use the AirPort Setup Assistant The AirPort Setup Assistant reads the Internet settings from your computer and transfers them to the Base Station so that you can access the Internet over your wireless network To use the AirPort Setup Assistant, follow these steps: Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Mac Network 1 Before running the AirPort . nice bonus for a wireless home network. 141 Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Mac Network ߜ Support for up to 50 users: The Graphite AirPort Base Station can handle as many as ten wireless network. configured, repeat Steps 1 and 2. The IP address should now be listed as 10.0.1.2 with subnet mask 255 . 255 . 255 .0 and router address 10.0.1.1. If you don’t see these num- bers, check that the AirPort Base. Non-Apple-Based Wireless Networks” section of this chapter for more on this issue. 143 Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Mac Network OS 9 Wireless Networks When Apple released the first AirPort wireless