An assignment on stylistics and english newspaper style

ACADEMY OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION Faculty of Foreign Languages (An assignment on Stylistics and English Newspaper Style) By: La Chi Cuong – ETE39 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thanh Huong HANOI, 2021 ABBREVIATIONS 1) Adj : Adjective 2) V : Verb 3) Ved2: Verb past paticiple 4) N : Noun 5) Pre : Prefix 6) Suff : Suffix TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1.2 Aims of the study .6 1.3 Limitation of the study 1.4 Methods of the study .7 1.5 Design of the study Reasons for choosing the topic 2.1 Reasons for choosing the topic 2.2 Reasons for choosing Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj as the sources .8 Typical structure of an article on Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj 3.1 Headlines 13 3.2 Leads 14 3.3 Bodies 15 3.4 Ending 15 Linguistic features of articles about India's coronavirus second wave on Nytimes.com, Usatoday.com and Wsj.com 16 4.1 Syntactical features of articles about India's coronavirus second wave on Nytimes.com, Usatoday.com and Wsj.com 16 4.1.1 Headlines in articles about India's coronavirus second wave on Nytimes.com, Usatoday.com and Wsj.com 16 4.1.2 Structure of headlines 17 4.1.2.1 Headlines in the form of simple sentences 17 4.1.2.2 Headlines in the form of a question 19 4.1.2.3 Headlines in from of quotation 20 4.1.3 Omission 21 4.1.3.1 Article omission 21 4.1.3.2 ―To be‖, Auxiliary omission 21 4.1.4 Headline interpreting 22 4.1.4.1 Headlines in the form of simple sentences 22 4.1.4.2 Headlines in the form of a question 23 4.1.5 Leads in articales about India‘s coronavirus second wave on Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj 24 4.1.5.1 The descriptive lead 24 4.1.5.2 The summary lead .25 4.1.5.3 The contract/conparison lead 25 4.1.6 Ending in articles about India‘s coronavirus second wave on Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj 25 4.1.6.1 The summary ending (The lead relay) 25 4.1.6.2 The restatement ending .26 4.1.6.3 The quote ending .27 4.1.6.4 No ending 27 4.2 Lexical features of articles about India’s coronavirus second wave on Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj .28 4.2.1 Compound words .28 4.2.1.1 Compound Nouns 28 4.2.1.2 Compound Ajectives 31 4.2.1.3 Compound Verbs .31 4.3 Stylistic devices in artcles about India's coronavirus second wave on Nytimes.com, Usatoday.com and Wsj.com 32 4.3.1 Lexical stylistic devices 32 4.3.1.1 Epithet .32 4.3.1.2 Metonymy 32 4.3.1.3 Metaphor 32 4.3.1.4 Periphrasis 33 4.3.2 Syntactical Stylistic Devices 33 4.3.2.1 Detached Construction and gap-link 33 4.3.2.2 Parallel Construction 34 4.3.2.3 Enumaration 34 4.3.2.4 Chiasmus 35 Relations between parts of articles about India’s coronavirus second wave on Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj 35 5.1 The relation between headline and its part 35 5.2 Main idea of the article 39 Expressions about pandamic 39 Conclution .40 Appendix .41 References: 116 Introduction 1.1 Rationable All of the useful styles as well as the daily paper style have their possess ordinary components Today‗s life is incredible without the mass media A part of distinctive printed, and online daily papers, attempt to pull in the perusers Composing in the daily paper requires embracing an extraordinary sort of fashion that will vary from any other fashion utilized in composing in other disciplines The daily paper as a shape of the mass media is known for a few ages Be that as it may, the examination of the dialect in newspapers has begun as it were within this century 1.2 Aims of the study The object of the work is the investigation of English articles about India's coronavirus second wave on Nytimes.com, Usatoday.com and Wsj.com The aim of presented research is to ívestigate the structure, stylistic and lexical features of the topic given above To achieve this aim the following objectives have been set:  To overview the newspaper style  To investigate special language features of the headlines  To indicate the frequency of certain stylistic and lexical features used in the articles related to the topic 1.3 Limitation of the study The articles can be investigated from different linguistic perspectives The present paper focuses on the main grammatical as well as lexical language features that create the style of newspaper found in Nytimes, Usatoday and Wsj 1.4 Methods of the study The research methods used in the present study are the following:  Descriptive theoretical analysis the features of newspaper style  Descriptive analysis was useful in analyzing the selected examples of articles  Descriptive statistic method was used to indicate the frequency of certain stylistic features revealed by the analysis The scope of the investigation and inquire about fabric: For the purpose of investigation, 21 instances of article from the American online newspapers Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj have been used as illustrative examples 1.5 Design of the study The work is composed of a presentation, hypothetical and viable parts, conclusions, and a list of references Within the presentation, the targets, the aim, the strategies utilized within the investigation as well as the number of analyzed articles are displayed The theoretical and practical part contains the discussion and analysis of an article‘s structure, syntactical and lexical features about topic Idian's coronavirus second wave on Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj Conclusions give the findings and the results of the presented study The list of references arranged in alphabetic order presents the used materials Reasons for choosing the topic 2.1 Reasons for choosing the topic The growth in the number of new infections is slowing, and the average number of cases per week in India decreased for the first time since midFebruary 2021 Although the growth chart of the number of cases seems to have reversed, curving down, this trend will need to continue in the coming weeks before authorities can make an official statement that the epidemic has reached the peak during this outbreak According to the Times of India, there are still many uncertainties and explanations such as the high and still increasing positive rate Within the past days, the positive test rate in India was 22% Whereas the scourge circumstance in major cities such as Unused Delhi and Mumbai is steadily stabilizing with restorative oxygen being recharged in time and healing center beds being discharged, the infection is still spreading at a fast rate Vertigo in southern states and rustic ranges like Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, Assam and Bengal Many places have forced a twoweek statewide bar from May in an exertion to anticipate the spread of the infection The need of therapeutic oxygen and clinic beds is accepted to be the cause of the tall mortality rate here After the moment wave of covid broke out, the circumstance in India got to be increasingly extreme due to its overwhelming affect The socio-economic circumstance and people's lives are confronting numerous negative impacts, particularly the need of oxygen 2.2 Reasons for choosing Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj as the sources Nytimes, Usatoday and Wsj are an American daily online newpaper According to Ebizmba.com, they are all in the top 15 most popular news websites (March 2021), with nytimes have estimated 70 milion unique monthly visitors, wsj have 40 milion visitors and usatoday have 34 milion visitors Amid the coronavirus wide spread, Nytimes, Usatoday, and Wsj have ceaselessly distributed impactful examinations, news, and examination on the circumstance in numerous nations around the world counting the episode of the moment wave of coronavirus in India For the reasons above, author decided to choose Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj as the sources in this assignment Typical structure of an article on Nytimes, Usatoday, Wsj The structure and layout of a news report is important as it ensures that readers can find the most important information quickly The major parts of an article are headline, lead, body and ending Typical structure of an article on Nytimes, Usatoday and Wsj can be seen in examples below  Nytimes Amid Second Covid Wave, World Responds to India’s Distress Call Countries, companies and powerful members of the diaspora have all pledged to pitch in, but it likely won‘t be enough to stop the unfolding catastrophe Headline Lead Photo for illustration A man receiving oxygen outside a Sikh house of worship in Delhi on Sunday.Credit Atul Loke for The New York Times NEW DELHI — Oxygen generators from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Raw material for coronavirus vaccines from the United States Millions in cash from companies led by Indian-American businessmen As a second wave of the pandemic rages in India, the world is coming to the rescue […] If India were to dramatically ramp up its vaccine manufacturing authorization to other vaccine makers, it could potentially curb the worst effects of the second wave ―This is the only long-term solution,‖ Dr Laxminarayan said ―India has the capability to it, if the country puts its mind to it.‖ 110 and Bharat Biotech, which is making its own vaccine — are producing fewer than 100 million doses per month About percent of India‘s population has been fully vaccinated, and 9.2 percent of people have received at least one dose Experts say that, at the current rate, the country is unlikely to meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi‘s target of inoculating 300 million people by August India has recorded 21 million coronavirus cases and more than 230,000 deaths, according to a New York Times database India‘s government has said it will fast-track approvals of foreign-made vaccines, and on Wednesday the Biden administration said it would support waiving intellectual property protections for Covid-19 vaccines to increase supplies for lower-income countries But a waiver would need to win unanimous support at the World Trade Organization — and even then, experts say, India‘s drug companies would need extensive technological and other support to produce doses ―The drop in I.P protections is only one element,‖ Anant Bhan, a health researcher at Melaka Manipal Medical College in southern India, said of intellectual property Because of the additional steps required to begin making a vaccine on a huge scale, he said, ―It is not going to mean increased access to vaccines in the near future.‖ As Mr Modi has declined to impose a nationwide lockdown like the one he brought in last year, states have adopted their own measures On Thursday, the southern state of Kerala, which has one of the highest caseloads, announced a near-total lockdown until May 16 Experts also worry that a crisis may be unfolding in India‘s rural areas, where testing capacities are even more limited ―My main concern is nonavailability of testing and the logistics of not getting people tested in rural areas,‖ said Gautam Menon, a professor of physics and biology at Ashoka University in northern India ―So we wi ll never get the real numbers for either infection rates or deaths from many such quarters of India.‖ The U.S State Department has approved the departure of family members of U.S government employees in India and is urging American citizens to take advantage of commercial flights out of the country It said on Wednesday that it would approve the voluntary departure of nonemergency U.S government employees On Thursday, Sri Lanka became the latest country to bar travelers from India, joining the United States, Britain, Australia and others Sameer Yasir is a reporter for The New York Times, covering the intersection of identity politics, conflicts and society He joined The Times in 2020 and is based in New Delhi @sameeryasir 111 Suhasini Raj has worked for over a decade as an investigative journalist with Indian and international news outlets Based in the New Delhi bureau, she joined The Times in 2014 21) Karen Weintraub (2021) India's crushing COVID-19 caseload the result of a 'perfect storm' of factors, experts say (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/04/28/india-covid-crisis-combination-factorsled-current-case-surge/4862571001/) India's crushing COVID-19 caseload the result of a 'perfect storm' of factors, experts say Karen Weintraub USA TODAY Last March, when COVID-19 arrived in India, the country of 1.4 billion people quickly went into lockdown for two months, keeping infection rates under tight control There was a spike in September, but the numbers came back down By February, cases were at an all-time low, and the country began relaxing, thinking it had overcome the virus, said Dr Amita Gupta, an infectious disease specialist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore People started attending cricket games, religious festivals and weddings "There was essentially a lot of relaxation of rules," she said 112 Now, the country's caseload is growing exponentially, and its health care system, particularly in smaller cities, is overwhelmed "It's almost like India hit a perfect storm," said S.V Subramanian, a professor of population health and geography at the Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health India is so large that different factors may have played a role in different areas, and cities seem to be suffering more at the moment than rural areas, he said But the combination has led to catastrophe "Hospitals full and having no beds – they are absolutely facing that They're in a war mentality," Gupta said Train cars and hotels are being converted into hospitals India's prime minister has pleaded for help, and other nations, including the United States, have responded Shipments of oxygen tanks and devices for making oxygen should be on their way to India within the next week, White House officials said Tuesday Medications like remdesivir that help COVID-19 patients recover faster will be sent soon "We are sending immediately a whole series of help that (India) needs," President Joe Biden said Tuesday 113 The administration also has promised to send supplies for Indian vaccine production and 60 million doses of vaccine made by AstraZeneca, which the U.S government pre-purchased last year but doesn't need to vaccinate Americans Only 10 million of those doses have been made so far, and the vaccine is awaiting review by the Food and Drug Administration to ensure its safety before doses are shipped The remaining doses will be sent over the next few months as they are manufactured, Andy Slavitt, a senior adviser to the president's coronavirus response team, said in a news conference Tuesday Gupta and several other infectious disease experts said this week that a combination of political, biological, behavioral and meteorological factors led to the outbreak Parts of India, including New Delhi, the nation's capital with nearly 19 million residents, have lower humidity this time of year The virus is known to spread better when the air is dry, likely contributing to the enormous spread there, said Dr Ashish Jha, dean of the Brown University School of Public Health in Providence, Rhode Island Holiday crowds also helped spread the virus Authorities postponed the annual pilgrimage of Kumbh Mela by a month until mid-February, but more than 700,000 already had arrived on the banks of the Ganges River by mid-January, and millions more were expected through the end of this month "It's a huge gathering, and it's a very efficient way of spreading the virus to a large group of people," Jha said "And then those people dispersed all across India and spread the virus all over the country." Relative and municipal workers in protective suit bury the body of a person whoe died due to COVID – 19 in Gauhati, India, Sunday, April 25, 2021 Anupam Nath, AP Prime Minister Narendra Modi didn't want to jeopardize his popularity by banning the gathering, said Chunhuei Chi, professor of international health at Oregon State University and director of its Center for Global Health "Even before the celebration cases were already rising, but since the holiday, cases have been rising exponentially," he said India also tried to ban criticism of government policies in social media, he said 114 Then there are the variants The B1.1.7 variant first seen in the U.K is far more contagious than the original strain of the virus and may be helping to infect more people, Jha said Lack of surveillance has been a problem in India, he said, making it impossible to understand which variants are there and how far they've spread Though more surveillance would have been helpful to understanding the outbreak, that alone would not have prevented the tsunami of cases, Jha said There was enough data without genetic surveillance by early to mid-March to indicate the outbreak was getting worse "There was plenty of information for action, and that didn't happen, so I don't know to what extent adding genomic surveillance data … would have moved the policy," he said In February, there were about 350,000 coronavirus cases in India and 2,670 deaths So far this month, there have been more than million cases, a ninefold increase, and 17,000 deaths, according to data Subramanian tracks at Harvard Models suggest India's caseload will not peak until mid-May, and it could be even longer if Indians fail totake measures now to reduce infections, Gupta said Roughly 10% of Indians have been vaccinated so far, she said, with large-scale production and distribution underway in a country well versed in running mass vaccination campaigns On May 1, every adult will be eligible for a vaccine, she said But even at the current delivery rate of about million shots a day, the population is so large it will take time to vaccinate enough people to help infection rates fall A woman receives the AstraZeneca COVID – 19 vaccine at an apartment building in Bengaluru, India Aijaz Rahi, AP Images ome communities have imposed curfews, and others are considering movement restrictions No one is expecting a national lockdown, but "in states that are facing unbelievable numbers, numbers you could not even imagine would occur, there has to be more thought to the lockdowns," Gupta said 115 In the meantime, she said, more testing and high-quality masks are needed, along with spaces for sick people to isolate from healthy family members Many people don't bother with masks, and even those who often wear ones made of thin cloth that are not tight-fitting and are "not really an optimal barrier," she said Gupta called on Americans, particularly those of Indian heritage, to help by supporting charities and lobbying governments to provide more assistance Even though she's in Baltimore, far from the tragedy unfolding in India, Gupta said she and many others are directly touched by them "This affects the whole world," she said "This is not just some faraway place." Contact Karen Weintraub at kweintraub@usatoday.com Health and patient safety coverage at USA TODAY is made possible in part by a grant from the Masimo Foundation for Ethics, Innovation and Competition in Healthcare The Masimo Foundation does not provide editorial input References: Book:  Assoc Prof, Dr Nguyen Thanh Huong (Hanoi, 2017) English Newspaper Style  Assoc Prof, Dr Nguyen Thanh Huong (Hanoi, 2017) Stylistics  Cambridge Dictionary Articles for illustration No Allana A (2021) Why Is the Virus Killing So Many Pregnant Women in India? (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/opinion/india-covid-pregnantwomen.html?searchResultPosition=13) Agawal V and Pokharel K (2021) India’s Covid-19 Surge Spreads 116 Rapidly Beyond New Delhi, Mumbai (https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-covid-19-surge-spreads-rapidlybeyond-new-delhi-mumbai11619634804?mod=searchresults_pos10&page=2) Banerjee A and Duflo E (2021).India’s Problem Is Now the World’s Problem (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/06/opinion/covid-indiacrisis.html?searchResultPosition=48) Bhattacharya S.(2021) Indian States Impose Curbs on Work, Travel to Help Slow Covid-19 Surge (https://www.wsj.com/articles/indian-states-impose-curbs-on-worktravel-to-help-slow-covid-19-surge-11620413239? mod=searchresults_pos10) Chao M (2021) Agonizing over COVID from 8,000 miles away: Indian Americans feel helpless as family in India falls ill (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/04/29/covid-indiamakes-indian-americans-feel-helpless-8-000-miles-away/7401468002/) Funke D (2021) Fact check: No link between India's falling COVID-19 cases and hydroxychloroquine (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/05/21/factcheck-india-covid-19-cases-hydroxychloroquine-notrelated/5173021001/) Ghosal A and Mehrotra N (2021) India running out of oxygen, hospital beds amid unrelenting COVID-19 surge (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2021/04/20/india-covid117 cases-surge-hospitals-run-out-oxygen-beds/7300161002/) Gettleman J., Kumar H., Deep S.K and Yasir S (2021) India’s Covid-19 Crisis Shakes Modi’s Image of Strength (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/01/world/asia/india-covid19modi.html?searchResultPosition=5) Gettleman J and Raj S (2021) Covid Desperation Is Spreading Across India (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/11/world/asia/covid-indiaganges-oxygen.html?searchResultPosition=7) Hauck G (2021) India reports record-breaking 400K new daily 10 cases; Kentucky Derby to return with crowds: Latest COVID-19 updates (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/05/01/covidnews-us-restrict-india-flights-who-green-lights-newvaccine/4896058001/) Jameel S (2021) How India Can Survive the Virus 11 12 (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/13/opinion/india-coronavirusvaccination.html?searchResultPosition=10) Lopez L., Weintraub K., Garrison J., Gilbertson D (2021) A second wave of COVID-19 is overwhelming India right now Here's what we know (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2021/05/01/indiassecond-covid-wave-new-variant-and-what-we-know/4895091001/) 13 Mashal M (2021) A potentially fatal fungal infection is cropping 118 up among India’s Covid patients (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/world/india-covidmucormycosis.html?searchResultPosition=2) Robriguez A (2021) 'Black fungus' is appearing more frequently 14 among COVID-19 patients in India What to know about the deadly infection (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/05/12/black-fungusindia-covid-patients-face-rare-deadly-fungal-infection/5020060001/) Sharma B., Wipulasena A and Wang V (2021) As India’s Covid 15 Crisis Rages, Its Neighbors Brace for the Worst (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/13/world/asia/covid19-indianepal-bangladesh-sri-lanka.html?searchResultPosition=1) Schmall E and Deep S.K (2021) Amid Second Covid Wave, World Responds to India’s Distress Call 16 17 (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/26/world/asia/india-covid-vaccineworld-response.html? action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article) Ulick J (2021) Why India’s Second Covid-19 Surge Is Much Worse Than Its First (https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-indias-second-covid-19-surge-ismuch-worse-than-its-first-11621071001) 18 Venugopal B.S (2021) As India Stumbles, One State Charts Its Own Covid Course (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/world/asia/coronaviruskerala.html?searchResultPosition=11) 119 19 Yasir S (2021) India ramps up testing in an effort to try to contain the virus surge (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/21/world/asia/india-covidtesting.html?searchResultPosition=9) 20 Yasir S and Raj S (2021) India’s vaccinations decline as its virus outbreak reaches new highs (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/06/world/asia/india-covidvaccines.html?searchResultPosition=41) Weintraub K (2021) India's crushing COVID-19 caseload the result of a 'perfect storm' of factors, experts say 21 (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/04/28/indiacovid-crisis-combination-factors-led-current-casesurge/4862571001/) 120 ... speaker‘s emotional attitude to his communication 4.3.1.2 Metonymy Metonymy is based on a different type of relation between the dictionary and contextual meanings, a relation based on not on affinity,... southern states and rustic ranges like Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, Assam and Bengal Many places have forced a twoweek statewide bar from May in an exertion to anticipate the... of analyzed articles are displayed The theoretical and practical part contains the discussion and analysis of an article‘s structure, syntactical and lexical features about topic Idian''s coronavirus