GERUND INFINITIVE a/ GERUND (V ing) * used as a subject, object, complement EX Swimming is my favourite sport My favourite sport is swimming * used after 1 admit, avoid, begin, consider, continue, del[.]
GERUND - INFINITIVE a/ GERUND: (V- ing) * used as a subject, object, complement EX: - Swimming is my favourite sport - My favourite sport is swimming * used after: admit, avoid, begin, consider, continue, delay, deny, (dis)like, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practice, prevent, start, suggest EX: I missed meeting my old friends Prepositions EX: I’m fond of listening to classical music It’s no use / good (chẳng ích gì) EX: It’s no use helping these lazy pupils There’s no point (in) (không cần thiết) EX: There’s no point (in) remembering their names a waste of time / money EX: It’s a waste of time playing video games have fun / difficulty / trouble a hard / good / difficult time EX: I have difficulty looking for a job be worth / busy EX: This book is worth reading can’t help / resist (không thể không) EX: I can’t help laughing can’t bear / stand (không chịu được) EX: I can’t bear waiting for someone for so long 10 need (passive meaning) EX: My hair needs cutting 11 be / get used to EX: We’re used to living in this crowded city 12 look forward to EX: I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon b/ BARE INFINITIVE: (V ) is used after: modal verbs EX: I can swim make / let EX: Sad movies always make me cry had better, would rather / sooner (muốn/thà), used to EX: I’d rather stay at home nothing / anything / everything but (except) EX: He does nothing but complain c/ GERUND or INFINITIVE: GERUND (V – ing) FULL INFINITIVE (To – V) SPEND / WASTE time / money + V- IT TAKES / TOOK + O + time + to V ing EX: It took me 10 minutes to cook my meal EX: I spent 10 minutes cooking my meal TRY = attempt (cố gắng) TRY = sth as an experiment (thử) EX: As students, we must try to study well EX: I try mixing these substances to make STOP (ngừng việc để làm việc khác) a new one EX: I’m working I stop to smoke STOP (ngừng việc làm) ADVISE / ALLOW / PERMIT + O + to EX: I’m working I stop working V ADVISE / ALLOW / PERMIT EX: They don’t allow us to smoke here EX: They don’t allow smoking here REMEMBER / FORGET / REGRET REMEMBER / FORGET / REGRET (hành động To V chưa xảy ra) (hành động V-ing xảy ra) * REGRET + to tell / to inform EX: Before going out, remember to lock the EX: I remember going to school for the doors first time LEARN: học kỹ LEARN: học môn học EX: I’m learning to play the piano EX: She has to learn spelling MEAN: có ý định MEAN: có nghĩa EX: I’m sorry I didn’t mean to hurt you EX: Failure on the exam means having to learn one more year GERUND (V – ing) SEE / WATCH / HEAR / NOTICE / FEEL / SMELL (hành động dài, chứng kiến phần) EX: Everyday I see them crossing my house on their way home PREFER + V-ing + to + V-ing EX: I prefer reading to watching films BARE INFINITIVE (V ) SEE / WATCH / HEAR / NOTICE / FEEL (hành động ngắn, chứng kiến từ đầu đến cuối) EX: I see the boy jump down from the window (WOULD) PREFER + to V + rather than + V WOULD RATHER + V + than + V EX: I’d prefer to read rather than watch films They never want me (eat)………………………………… whatever I want to My parents let me (go)…………………………………… out every weekend During apartheid, Black people weren't allowed (sit) …………………………on White benches 4 Our English teacher wants us (work)…………………………………… hard My mother made me (do)………………………… the housework yesterday They didn't expect their children (be)………………………………… serious during their absence Where you want her (meet)……………………………………… you? I would like you (stop)…………………………………………… complaining I'm not allowed (drink)……………………………… or (smoke) ………………………… at home 10 They will never let me (wear)…………………………………… pearcings or have tattoos 11 I like listening (music)……………………………………… when I am tired 12 While she was in that country she spent all her days (sightsee) …………………… the imperial cities 13 When I saw his performance, I couldn't help (laugh) ……………………………………… 14 He gave up (smoke)……………………………………… many years ago 15 I hate (sleep)…………………………………………… in the dark 16 Would you mind (post)……………………………………… this letter for me 17 The trainers were very expensive; I couldn't afford (buy) ……………………………… them 18 She proposed (meet)…………………………… me at the airport 19 He went out without (say)……………………………………… good bye 20 After they had finished (eat)……………………………… they drove away 21 I couldn't avoid (meet)………………… him because he's my neighbour 22 My son is studying medicine and he wants (specialize) ……………………………… in paediatrics 23 They enjoy (spend) ……………………………….their holidays with us in the South of France 24 Try (add)…………………………… a little butter or cream to the batter, the crepes will be better! 25 I suggest (call)………………………… to reserve a table at the restaurant 26 I don't mind (stay)………………………………… to keep an eye on Mary 27 I must remember (send)…………………………… the tax return before the end of the month 28 He refused (answer) ……………………without the presence of his lawyer 29 I hope (see) …………………………….you soon in better form 30 My parents decided (welcome)……………………………… my boyfriend to dinner next Sunday 31 This house is very expensive and we hesitate (buy) …………………… it 32 I tried (explain) …………………………to him but he went on (grumble) ……………………………… 33 Try (forget) …………………………… it It isn’t worth (worry) ………………………… about 34 We couldn’t help (laugh) …………………………… when (see) …………………………him 35 We got tired of (wait)……………………… for the weather (clear) …………………………… 36 I remember (see) …………………………………… him somewhere but I can’t tell where it was 37 He kept (stand) ……………………………… up and (ask) ………………… for an explanation 38 We regret (inform) …………………………….you that your application has been turned down 39 Did you advise him (see) …………………………………… the doctor? 40 Did you remember (lock) …………………………the door? – No, I didn’t You’d better (go) ………………back and (do) …………………… … it now 41 It’s too hot now Why don’t we go (swim) …………………………………? 42 Fred is continuing (take) ………………………… karate lessons even though he broke his hand 43 Fred continued (take)……………………… karate lessons even though he broke his hand 44 I like (eat)………………………………… pizza ... dài, chứng kiến phần) EX: Everyday I see them crossing my house on their way home PREFER + V-ing + to + V-ing EX: I prefer reading to watching films BARE INFINITIVE (V ) SEE / WATCH / HEAR / NOTICE... hate (sleep)…………………………………………… in the dark 16 Would you mind (post)……………………………………… this letter for me 17 The trainers were very expensive; I couldn''t afford (buy) ……………………………… them 18 She proposed... (stop)…………………………………………… complaining I''m not allowed (drink)……………………………… or (smoke) ………………………… at home 10 They will never let me (wear)…………………………………… pearcings or have tattoos 11 I like listening (music)………………………………………