Báo cáo khoa học: Những ánh hùng văn bất hủ của người Nam Bộ trong mùa thu lịch sử 1945 giữa đất Sài Gòn potx

Ky niem 65 nam ngay Cach mang Thang Tam (1945 - 2010) So 8/2010 NHi^NG ANG HUNG VAN BAT HU CUA NGl/OI NAM BO TRONG HUA THU LICH sH 1945 Gli^A DAT SAI GON NGUYEN LE THAO HA K hi ndi din miia Thu Ijeh su' nam 1945 da lam nen mfet nirdc Viet Nam mdi "vai nhCrng Ddc lap - Tw do - Hanh phiie"^ vilt hoa giCra thl ky 20, khdng thl khdng ndi din nhirng ngay hap hiing khd quen d Sai Gdn ndi rieng va Nam Bd ndi ehung, Trong khi thl sdi sue ly, ta nghe dyge nhCrng ban hiing ca vang vgng met thdi eua nhu'ng ngydi dan phyong Nam treng nhu'ng ngay ljch sir: khdi nghTa (25/8/1945), mirng dec lap (02/9/1945) ya _^_^_ ^ ,.„ dirng len khang chiln chong thyc dan Phap bao ve nin ddc lap non tre (23/9/1945). Sau 65 nam, dpc lai nhO'ng ang hiing van nam xira qua bac chi xult ban d Sai Gdn treng nhCrng ngay thang 8/1945, chiing ta nhir cdn thiy trirde mit hinh anh hac hung cua nhCrng ngydi dan Sai Gdn, Nam Bd dung manh hat vang: "dong Idng di! di! dl! sa gi than sdng" ^ quylt gianh dpc lap cho dan tpc, ty do cho nhan dan. Trudc hit, xin dilm lai nhCrng thdi dilm lich sir ciia nhu'ng ngay thang 8/1945 d Sai Gon va Nam Bp cd lien quan: - 20/8/1945, Mat tran Viet Minh (Xd uy Nam Ky Tiln Phong) cdng khai ra mit tai rap Nguyin Van Hao. - 23/8/1945, khdi nghTa thanh cdng d Tan An thee chi dao thi dilm eiia Xw uy Nam Ky (Tiln Phong). "Gi'nfB tiianh thiin bgch nh^ chung toi, Cy ban l&m thdi hanh chdnh, nh&n danh toan thi quSc Mn Nam B$, tuySn bS tru&c m$t hoin cau vd trwdc m^ to&n the quoc dan rang: Che dg Cgng hda D&n chu thanh lgp tgi Nam Bg Vift Nam.". LM kiu gfi cia Cki^UBBCOm thdi NamSp, ngiy 2SMa94S (Bio sa Gdn) - 24/8/1945, Bi thy xir uy Nam Ky (Tiln Phong) Trin Van Giau keu ggi ddng bae ciing Viet Minh dirng len gianh ehinh quyln tai rap Nguyen Van Hao. Dem eung ngay, Ooan vien Tdng cdng dean Nam Bg va Thanh nien Tiln Pheng chilm Dinh Kham sai, Dinh Ddc ly va hang loat cdng sd khae, dyng ll dai tai giae 16 Neredem - Blancsube (nay la Pham Ngpc Thach va Le DuIn, sau Nha thd Dwc Ba) va cpt ghi danh sach Uy ban Hanh chanh lam thdi Nam Bp tai giap Id Bpnard - Charner (nay la dyong Le Lgi - Nguyin Hue). - 13 gid, 25/8/1945, khoang 1 trieu ngudi mit tinh tryde Dinh Ode iy Sai Gdn (nay la tru sd UBND Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh), Chu tjch Uy ban Hanh chanh lam thdi Nam Bp Trin Van Giau dpc Ldl keu goi gianh chinh quyln. - 02/9/1945, hon 1 trieu ngydi dy mit tinh mirng dpc lap tren dudng Cpng Hda (du'dng Nprpdpm eCi). Dean ngudi bi met sl tay siing Phap ban, - 10/9/1945, UB Hanh chanh lam thdi Nam Bp cai td thanh Uy ban Nhan dan Nam Bp (UBND), quan Anh ra yeu sach chilm Nam Bd phu (Dinh Kham sai, nay la Bap tang Thanh phi Hd Chi Minh), - 13/9/1945, dai ta Cedile - dai dien quan dpi Phap d Sai Gdn, trep "cd tam tai" tryde Dinh Tean quyln cu (nay la Hpi trudng Thing nhit), bj nhan dan phan doi bupe phai haed. 12 Ky niem 65 nam ngay Cach mang Thing Tam (1945 2010) Sd 8/2010 L - 22/9/1945, tu'ong Anh Gracey (dai dien quan ddng Minh d Sai Gdn) tha 1400 linh Phap bj Nhat bit tir dao chinh 09/3/1945, trang bi vu khi dl thanh lap 12 dai dpi tac chiln. - 23/9/1945, quan Phap nd siing chilm tru sd UBND Nam Bp va cac cdng sd khac. Sau khi dien xin y kiln cua Trung irong, Xw uy, UBND va Uy ban Khang chiln Nam Bp keu gpi nhan dan dii'ng len chdng quan xam lirgc, cupe khang chiln chin nam gian khd ciia nudc Viet Nam mdi chinh thirc bit dau. Chinh treng bdi canh ljch sir ly, nhung ang van hao hiing lin lugt ra ddi dl thyc hien met each trpn ven sir menh ljch sir cua nd ciing ngydi dan Sai Gdn va Nam Bd kien cydng. Cd thl dilm lai nhCrng ang hiing van ly nhy sau: Van ban thip 1: Ldl keu goi gianh ehinh quyen tai eupc mit tinh trirde Dinh Ddc ly Sai Gon cua Chii tich Uy ban Hanh chanh laiji thdi Nam Bp Trin Van Giau, ngay 25/8/1945: "Ddng bao! Quoc dan. Hdm nay la ngay ve vang nhit trong lieh sir eua Nam Bd Viet Nam. Giwa thanh thien bach nhwt, chiing tdl, Uy ban lam thai hanh chanh, nhan danh toan the quoe dan Nam Bd, tuyen bo trwdc mat hoan ciu va trwac mat toan the quoc dan rang: Chi dd Cdng hda Dan chil thanh lap tai Nam Bd Viet Nam. Chiing tdi tuyen bd khdng thwa nhan che dd Nam trieu va cwang quyet chdng chi dd thwc dan. Khdng mdt ngoai bang nao ed the vien ly do gi de bae bd dwac dieu quyit dinh long trong cua dong bao ta hoai bao lau nay: Nwac Viet Nam hoan toan dde lap. Thay mat eho Mat tran Viet Nam ddc lap dong minh miin Nam, chiing tdi lanh trach nhiem nam giw chinh quyen Nam Bd, de din ngay trieu tap xong Quoe hdi, se giao lai cho dai bleu toan qudc". Qua thyc, sau 65 nam, nlu khdng dyge dpc nhCrng ddng van vdi tir ngu' rye lira, hien ngang, bilu thi met hanh dpng cdng khai, chinh nghTa: "giira thanh thien bach nhwt B§o Sii Gdn thing 8/1945 dSng tin ve giiinli chfnh quyin t^i Tp. Sdi Gdn tuyen bo trwdc mat hoan ciu va trwdc mat toan the qude dan : ehe do cdng hda dan chii da dwac thanh lap tai Nam Bd Viet Nam" thi khdng thl hilu hit ngirdi Sai Gdn, dan Nam Bp trong nhCrng ngay thang Tam Ijeh sir. Chinh nhCrng tir ngCr trong bai diin van tai cupe bilu tinh gianh , chinh quyln d Sai Gdn nam xya giiip ta hilu dygc tai sae lai cd hinh anh dung manh eiia cua hon 50.000 thanh nien Tiln Phong (met hinh thirc mat tran vdi du mpi lira tudi, ting Idp, tdn giap, dp bac sT Pham Ngpc Thach lam Huynh trydng ^), treng bull ll tuyen the lin 2 vao sang 18/8/1945, tai vu'dn Ong Thygng (nay la edng vien Tae Dan). Sau khi Trang trydng Huynh Van Tilng dpc 3 Idi thl: Chiing ta the trung thanh vai to quid Chiing ta the trung thanh vai nhan dan! Chung ta the glw gin phim chit eao dep! Tit ea dean vien Thanh nien Tiln Pheng cd mat da ciing quy mpt chan, dya tay len va ddng leat hd 'Xin thi" vang dpi ca mpt gde trdi Nam, Phai chang dd la dang ve chit phac, dung manh cua Luc Van Tien danh cirdp eiru ngirdi. That diing tir thl quylt chiln cua nhO'ng "nguui eiing kho" trong suit hon 80 nam nd le, bat dirng len quylt gianh dpc lap vdi khiu hieu vd ciing quylt liet: "Dpc lap hay la chef. Tac gia cua khiu hieu ndi tilng nay chinh la Chu tjch Uy ban Hanh chanh lam thdi Trin Van Giau va cung chinh la tae gia cua Ldl keu goi gianh chinh quyln d Sai Gdn ndi tren. Dac biet, khi xet vl npi dung ciia Lai keu goi nay, ngay trong van ban diu tien cua nhu'ng ngydi cen dit phyong Nam xa xdi, ngirdi dai dien ciia mdt nirdc Viet Nam mdi d Nam Bp da nhin manh hai y: 13 Ky niem 65 nam ngay Cach mang Thang Tam (1945 - 2010) So 8 / 2010 "chi do cdng hda dan chii' da dyge "thanh lap a Nam Bd Viet Nam"; "Nam Bd" dl lien vdi "Viet Nam" - Nam Bp la mpt phin lanh thd khdng thl tach rdi cua nu'dc Viet Nam Dan chu Cpng hda, Phai chang dd la dilu co ban nhit ma ngirdi dan "luc tinh" muln xda di diu In cua mpt Nam Ky thudc dia - phin lanh thd cua Td qudc la met xir thupe Phap, khac vdi chl dp bao hp d Trung Ky va Bac Ky vl ly thuylt thupe quyln quan ly eiiff Nam trilu, Dd la dilu sau nay, Hd Chu tjch cung nhin manh: "Nam Bd la mau eua mau Viet Nam, la thit eua thit Viet Nam. Sdng cd the can, nui cd the mdn, song chan ly dd khdng bao gid thay doi. Van ban thu' 2: Bai dien van irng khiu cd tinh chit tinh thi cua Chii tich Uy ban Hanh chanh lam thdi Nam Bd Trin Van Giau vao ngay 02/9/1945, tai dydng Cpng Hda (dirdng Nprpdpm cu), sau Nha thd Dwc Ba, Khi hang trieu ddng bae Sai Gdn tham dy mit tinh, chd nghe Hd Chii tich dpc Tuyen ngdn dde lap d Ha Npi qua sdng phat thanh nhung d Sai Gdn lai khdng bit dugc tin hieu. Vi thl, dng Trin Van Giau dirge Ban tl chirc giae nhiem vu phat bilu thay thl, Ngay khi dd, GS. Trin Van Giau chl kip gach vai y va dang dan vdi bai diin van hit sire dae biet nay. Trong Idi phat bilu nhan ngay dec lap, GS. Trin Van Giau da thay mat ngydi dan Sai Gdn, nhan dan Nam Bg ddng dac tuyen bo: "Viet Nam tw mdt xir thudc dia trd thanh mdt xir ddc lap". "Viet Nam tw mdt di chi da trd thanh mdt nwac dan chu cdng hda." "Viet Nam dtrang tiin bwac tren dwang sdng". Ngay sau dd, GS. Trin Van Giau hdi nhu'ng ngirdi dy ll: u Bio "Sii Gdn", thing 9/1945, dang tin vi ngay l§ dgc l$p 2/9 t^i Sai Gdn "Ddng bao d day cd ai thira nhan mdt quan toan quyen cai tri xir ta khdng?". "Cd al chiu bd tay de cho ehi do thwc dan - ra mat hay giiu mat - tra lai khdng?". Sau mdi cau hdi, ca trieu ngirdi tham dy diu dong thanh tra Idi: "Khdng! Khdng! Khdng!" Tilp dd, dng khing djnh: "ehiing ta thi chit (ehir) khdng nhwang bd trwdc bit eie mdt sw ham doa hay khieu khich nao". "Chiing ta the cwang quyit dirng ben canh chanh phil, chdng moi sw xam lang, diu chit cung cam Idng". Va bai diin van kit thiic bang Idi keu ggi: "Quoe dan hay sin sang chien diu!" "Dirng len! Ngay ddc lap bat diu tirnayl" "Tien tdi, vi ddc lap, vi tw do, tiin tai mai! Khdng mdt thanh luy nao ngan noi chi ciia mudn dan tren dirdng glal phdng!" Viec phat bilu eua ngudi dirng diu Ban td ehire bull ll la dilu nam ngpai dy kiln cua chuong trinh, Tuy irng khiu nhu'ng bai diin van rit hung hdri, hgp Idng ngirdi va ky dieu nhit la ngi dung chinh cua bai diin van trong budi ll dec lap nay lai triing khdp vdi met sd npi dung chinh eua Tuyen ngdn dde lap 6wac Hd Chu tjch dgc tai Ha Npi dii khdng dygc bilt tryde: Dan tdc Viet Nam ed quyen song ddc lap, tw do va sw that da trd thanh mdt nirdc tw do, ddc lap; Viet Nam da tw giai phdng bing eudc ehien diu ching phat xit ben canh ddng minh; Khdng chip nhan sw dd hd eiia thwc dan Phap dii a hinh thirc nao; Kien quyet bao ve din ciing nen ddc lap mdi gianh dwcrc.^ Hdm sau, bai diin van dng khiu dd du'gc hiu hit bao chi d Sai Gdn dang toan van, Cd thl ndi, tit ca nhCrng td ngu- diing trong bai phat bilu diu thl hien sy cu'ong quylt, y ehi 14 Ky niem 65 nam ngay Cach mang Thang Tam (1945 - 2010) Sd 8 / 2010 xa than vi dpc lap cua dan tpc, vi ty do cua nhan dan. Dieu dd phai chang da an sau vae mau thit cua ngu'di Sai Gdn, cua dan Nam Bp va toan thl dan tpc Viet Nam, Ngudi thl hien bai phat bilu chi la mpt dai dien phat ngdn, ndi len y chi va nguyen vpng cua hang trieu ngydi bing tinh each chat phac, khang khai cua nhu-ng ngirdi con dit phirong Nam, O mdt gdc dp nao do, ngudi phat bilu da ITnh hdi xult sac y chi ciia ca met dan tdc, Nhung khac vdi ngay dec lap tren ca nudc, d Nam Bp, ngay ngay 02/9/1945 tai Sai Gon, quan Phap da ban vap dpan bilu tinh mirng ll dpc lap, Tilp dd la nhCrng hanh dpng gay han ciia quan Anh - Phap. Vi thl, ngay 23/9/1945, Nam Bp bit diu cupe khang chiln trudng ky. Nam Bd lai di diu ciru nirdc va lai CO nhirng ang hiing van bit hii vang len keu gpi mpi ting Idp nhan dan quylt chiln dl bae ve nin dpc lap non tre mdi gianh dirge, Trong nhu'ng ngay nay d Nam Bg, cd 02 van ban ma chiing tdi muln ndi din. Dd la nhCrng ang hiing van cua nhCrng ngudi chinh nghTa, nhCrng ngudi chu nhan thyc sy ciia mgt dit nudc dpc lap (du chi duge vai ngay), NhCrng ang hiing van do vu'a quylt liet lai vira lich ^istpn&'^kiiiim'MiiJ&Mk sy, nhan dao khoan dung, phan rd phai trai, dung sai; xac djnh ro rang tinh chinh nghTa, nghTa vu thieng lieng ciia hanh dpng chdng tra bgn thyc dan xam lugc. DP la Ldi keu goi nhan dan khang chien va Thw girl nhO'ng ngwdl Phap a Sal Gdn eua Uy ban Khang chiln Nam Bd, Sang 23/9/1945, Ldi keu goi ciia Uy ban Khang chiln Nam Bp du'gc phat di. Tilp theo khi thl hdng hyc ciia ngay gianh chinh quyln « I'l llfljIllldllllU fi-Mlir Il4fj ill ^•iJiiiii (f fcf i-»lHllt- Itf l*!lllJlliE IRikiiiii^il UII 'Gd/ nhin din Phip d Sii Gdn", nhin ngiy 23/9/1945 (25/8/1945) va ll dec lap (02/9/1945) vdi khau hieu "Dpc lap hay la chit" tilp tuc dirge lly lam chil dl chinh nham keu ggi "tit ca dong bao, gia, tre, trai, gai, hay cim vu khi xdng len danh duoi quan xam Iwac". Vi thl, trong loan bp Idi keu gpi da toat len tinh thin quat khdi "quyit hy sinh din giot mau cuoi ciing di bao ve ddc lap cua to quoc" nhim biin Sai Gdn - met noi phdn hoa, hdn ngpc viln ddng thanh noi: "khdng dien nwac, khdng chg biia, khdng cira han^'. NhCrng ddng cudi ciing cua Idi keu gpi la nhCrng tir ngCr that dirt khpat, manh me, quylt liet: "Tir gia phiit nay, nhiem vu hang diu eiia ehiing ta la tieu diet giac Phap va tieu diet tay sal ciia chiing". "Hay nim chat vu khi trong tay, xdng len, danh duoi thwc dan, eiru nwac" Cd met khac biet treng cupe khang chiln chdng thyc dan Ph.gp d Sai Gen so vdi cac noi khac tren dit nirdc Viet Nam sau nay, dd la thai dp vira quylt liet nhirng vin lich sy ciia nhCrng ngirdi dan Sai Gdn va Nam Bp vdi nhCrng ngudi Phap dang hien dien tai Sai Gdn liic biy gid. Thay mat ngu'di dan Sai Gdn, Nam Bp, Chu tjch Uy ban khang chiln Trin Van Giau da chuyin tai y chi ciia ngirdi dan khang chiln qua mdt thdng diep bing tilng Phap, Cd thl ndi, tit ea nhO'ng gi eua tinh thin van hda va nhan van cao ea "S^^TKTTEP^^SS 15 Ky niem 65 nam ngay Cach mang Thang Tam (1945 - 2010) So 8/2010 dirge hun diic tir van hda eiia dan tpc Viet, chit khing khai hao sang cua mien dit phuong Nam va ca each hanh van "rit Tay" ma tac gia thira hu'dng tir nin giae due cua Nha nu'dc bao hp diu cd trong ang hiing van nay, Ngay cau md diu, mpt phpng thai ljch sy, dang hoang ciia ngirdi chu nhan dit nu'dc dugc thl hien qua viee sii' dung eac dai tir nhan xirng ljch sy, trang trpng, diing vdi quy tie giao tilp ngeai giao dl ndi ehuyen vdi nhirng ngirdi cd ly tri, bilt le phai: "quy vi va "chiing tdi. Gipng van nay khac hoan tean vdi each hanh van cua Idi keu gpi dirng len gianh chinh quyln hay cam vu khi bao ve nin dde lap non tre. Ngay sau dd la sy se sanh vd ciing chinh xac, sau sac nhyng rit ngin gpn, khiic chiit vl ban chit eiia cupe khang chiln ma ngudi dan Sai Gdn va Nam Bp dang tiln hanh vdi "cuoc khang chiin eua ngwdl Phap chdng lai Hit - le". Hang leat cae se sanh vl nghTa vu cua mpt ngudi dan vdi Td qudc eiia minh, vl hanh dpng chiln tranh dl bao ve Td qudc nhu: "Cung nhw quy vl, ehiing tdl cd quyen va nghTa vu phai bao ve, giai phdng To quoc cua chung tdi. Cung nhw quy vi, chung tdi loai bd tat ca nhirng al toan diing vu Iwc de khuit phuc chiing tdi. Dac biet, trong cupe chiln mpt mit mdt con nay, birc thdng diep vin dua ra nhCrng khang dinh rit rd rang, nhan van va kien quylt: "Chiing tdl khdng phai la nhirng ke sat nhan chuyen nghiep" "Giit hit nhirng ngwai Phap" khdng phai la mue dich ciia chung tdi "Trwng thu tai san ciia ngoai kiiu" khdng cd trong chwang trinh ciia chiing tdi Ly do don gian ma nhCrng ngydi dan Viet "ndp vdl giao mang tren vai la vi "giau ldng yeu nw&c". Vdi vu khi thd so, hp sin sang dirng len chong lai xe tang, may bay quan thii vi "chinh nhirng ten cam diu phat xit ciia quy vi el tinh muln dd hp Viet Nam mpt lin nira. Culi birc thu, Idi le vira chan tinh nhirng cung rit dirt khoat: "Hdi nhirng ngwdl Phap: Hay suy nghi Them bai hoc mdi chang dem lai loi ldc gi cho quy vi dau." Va kit thiic thdng diep bang viee danh thirc gia trj luong tri, Idng ty hae eua nhCrng ngudi da tirng lam nen mpt cupe dai each mang vdi nhCrng my tir Tw do - Binh dang - Bac ai. "Hai nhwng con chau ciia cude Dai each mang Phap, cae anh chj se khdng chju' twde doat tw do cua mdt dan tdc da gianh dwgc bang nhirng hy sinh to lan". Rd rang, birc thdng diep cua ngudi dan Sai Gdn, Nam Bp da dat nhCrng ke dang cl tinh ap dat ach thdng tri len met dan tpc khac vao nhCrng trang sir hao hiing cua chinh hp dl ly giai vl tinh chinh nghTa va chinh dang ma nhan dan Nam Bp va toan thl ngudi dan Viet dang nhit tl dirng len bae ve dec lap dan toe da gianh dygc tir tay phat xit Nhat, Sau 65 nam, dgc lai nhCrng ang hiing van bit hu cua ngydi dan Sai Gdn, Nam Bg, ehiing ta eang ty hao khdng ehi bdi nhCrng chiln tieh tren chiln trudng, ma ty hao hon khi ngay treng khdi lira eua chiln tranh vin vang len nhirng tilng ndi hae sang vdi Idi van mgc mac nhyng rit nhan van, dam chit tri tue, NhCrng ban hiing ca ly thl hien rd net chit van hda - lich sir ciia nhCrng ngudi dan Viet d dit trdi phuong Nam "mdt thud mang gwam di ma nwac". vl tu lieu, dl thyc hien bai vilt, do met sd dilu kien khach quan, ehiing tdi chf cd thl tim dygc nhCrng van ban ndi tren qua bao ehi xult ban tai Sai Gdn d thdi dilm dd (liru tru dydi dang Microfilm '') va cung cd thl coi: day la tal lieu cd do tin cay cao nhat hien cd vi each mang thang 8- 1945, vi ngay le dde lap va ngay Nam Bd khang chiin a Sal Gdn va Nam Bd ndi chung./. 1. Sac lenh 49/SL cua Hd Chu tich quy dinh \/4 Quoc hieu tren cac loai van ban, giSy ta. 2. "Tiing goi thanh nien". Luu Hiru Phwac, Hoang Mai Lwu. 3. To chwc thanh nien hoat dong dwai sw lanh dao cua Xw uy Nam Ky (TiSn Phong), ra dai 01-6-1945, do BS. Pham Ngoc Thach to chwc theo goi y cua Ida, quyin Tong tnrang Thanh nien The thao Dong Dwang. Day la Iwc luong nong cot cho khai nghia gianh chinh quyen a Sal Gon vao thang 8/1945. 4. l^lcrofilm bao chi Miin Nam 1930 - 7945. Bao Sai Gon tw 19 - 27/12/1945. Phong twileu (bao chi) han chi. Thw vien khoa hoc tdng hap Tp. HCM. 16 . Ky niem 65 nam ngay Cach mang Thang Tam (1945 - 2010) So 8/2010 NHi^NG ANG HUNG VAN BAT HU CUA NGl/OI NAM BO TRONG HUA THU LICH sH 1945 Gli^A. laiji thdi Nam Bp Trin Van Giau, ngay 25/8 /1945: "Ddng bao! Quoc dan. Hdm nay la ngay ve vang nhit trong lieh sir eua Nam Bd Viet Nam. Giwa thanh