Báo cáo khoa học:Chính sách của Đảng và dân tộc trong thời kỷ đổi mới pot

CHINH SACH DAN TQC CUA DANG VA NHA NiAJC TRONG THdfl K( f)d( M6( TS NGUYEN DOC Ai hue hidn ehinh sach dan tdc trdn nguydn tdc dodn kd't, binh ddng, giijp dd Idn nhau gitfa cdc dan tdc, dudng Id'i ddi mdi ciia Dang tai Dai hdi VI (12-1986) khdng djnh: " chinh sdeh dan tde ludn ludn Id mdt bd phan trgng yd'u trong ehinh sach xa hdi", " Trong vide phat tridn kinh te, xa hdi o nhifng noi cd ddng ddng bdo cde dan tde thidu sd, cdn the hidn ddy dii ehinh sdeh dan tdc, phdt trien mdi quan he tdt dep gdn bd gitfa cdc dan tdc trdn tinh thdn dodn kd't, buih ddng, giup dd nhau, eting lam chii tap the; kd't hap phat trien kinh te va phat trien xa hdi, day manh sdn xuat va cham lo ddi sdng con ngudi, ke cd nhihig ngudi ttr noi khde de'n va dan tai ehd"l. Nhd dd, sau gdn 25 nam thuc hidn dudng Idi ddi mdi, edng tac dan tde va ehinh sdeh dan tde da cd nhung chuyen bie'n tich cue. Thu 'nhdt, dai dodn ke't todn dan tdc trong thdi dai ngdy nay khdng chi dua trdn CO sd thdng nhat lgi fch ehung la xay dung nude Viet Nam "dan gidu, nudc manh, xa hdi cdng bdng, dan chii, van minh" ma edn phdi bid't phat huy cac gia trj truyen thdng quy bau ciia mdi thanh vidn, ciia ttmg dan tde, tao thdnh sire manh tdng hgp. Dai doan ke't todn dan tde la mdt bd phan eiia dudng Id'i ddi mdi, la thanh qua eiia cdng cude ddi mdi. Chinh vi vay, dai doan kd't toan dan tdc da trd thdnh mue tidu vd ddng lue cua tien trinh phdt trien dat nudc trong thdi ki ddi mdi. Nghj quyd't Trung uong 9 khda X cua Ddng ddnh gia: "Chfnh sach xay dung va phat huy sire manh ciia khd'i dai dodn ket toan dan tdc tidp tuc dugc trien khai rdng rai, ed kd't qua Dang, Nha nudc cd nhieu chinh sach mdi dem lai lgi fch cho cac tang ldp nhan dan, cdng nhan, ndng dan, tri thirc, ddng bdo cdc dan tdc, tdn giao, ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai; cd nhieu chuang trinh danh cho ddng bao cac dan tdc thieu sd, ngudi ngheo, ngudi cd hoan cdnh kho khan; ehinh sach tdn trgng tu do tfn ngudng, tao dieu kidn cho cac tdn gidp hoat ddng theo quy djnh cua phdp luat"^. Cac ngdnh, cae dja phuang da qudn triet va thirc hidn ed kd't qua cae chu truong, chi'nh sach cua Ddng va Nha nudc; nhidu van de phire tap ve dan tdc va tdn giao, van de dan sinh btrc xtic dugc giai quyd't. Cdng tac van ddng ngudi cd uy tfn trong ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd (DTTS), van ddng chirc sdc, tin dd cac tdn giao dugc coi trgng. Nhd dd, khd'i dai doan ke't toan dan tdc khdng ngirng dugc cung cd va tang cudng tren co sd, ndn tang eiia khd'i lidn minh cdng - ndng - trf va thuc hidn tdt nguyen tde cac dan tdc ddu binh ddng, doan kd't, hgp tac, giiip dd nhau cting tidn bd. Dudng Id'i ddi mdi diing ddn ciia Dang la nggn cd doan ket, tap hgp nhan dan trong thdi ki phat trien mdi ciia da't nudc. Td chire dang va chinh quyen cac cap cd budc chuyen bie'n ve cdng tac dan van. Mat tran Td qudc va cac doan the' nhan dan nd • Hgc vign Bao chif vd Tuyen truydn. 24 TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 172 (5-2010) NGHIEN CQU - TRAO DOI lire ddi mdi cdng tac, hoat ddng ngay cang cd hieu qua hon trong vice xay dung va cimg cd khdi dai dodn kd't toan dan tdc vi mue tidu dan gidu, nudc manh, xa hdi cdng bdng, dan chii, van minh. Thu hai, khd'i dai dodn ke't toan dan tdc ludn duge quan tam xay dung va ciing cd, nlid dd, da phat huy duge sire manh eiia toan dan tdc nhdm thuc hien thdng lgi eae mue tieu phat trie'n kinh td- xa hdi dugc dat ra trong mdi giai doan ciia each mang. Lanh dao plidt trien ndn kinh te thj trudng dinh hudng XHCN vdi xuat phdt diem ciia nen kinh te tliap, Ddng ta chii truong kd't hgp sue manh dan tde vdi sire manh thdi dai, ke't hgp ndi luc vdi ngoai luc; trong dd, npi lue ddng vai trd quye't djnh, ngoai luc giif vai trd quan trgng. Nhd dd, ndn kinh te' cua nudc ta vdn giii duge tdc do tang trudng eao trong thdi gian ddi, gidm duge tiic dpng tieu cue ciia suy thoai kinh te the' gidi, gitr vung dn djnh chfnh trj, bao ddm trat tu, an toan xa hdi tao tam ly yen tam dau tu phdt trien kinh td'ciia cdc thdnh phdn kinh te. Nhieu cap uy, td chiie ddng, ehinh quyen. Mat tran Td qud'e va cac doan the nhan dan da trie'n khai thuc hien nhung nhidm vu ehii yeu vd ehinh sdeh dan tde nhu tang cudng phdt tridn kd't cau ha tdng khu vuc mien niii, vting ddng bao DTTS, bude ddu dap ung phdt trid'n san xudt va phuc vu ddi sdng ddng bdo cde dan tde. Cdc chuong trinh phdt trie'n kinh td- xa hdi, nhu Chuang trinh 134, Chuang trinh 135 (giai doan 11) duge trien khai tich cue da dem lai kd't qua quan trong eho vting ddng bao DTTS. Dd'n nay, 100% xa dac bidt khd khan ed trudng hge, nha mdu gido va cae ldp ban trii dan nudi. Cae bdn xa trung tam deu cd ldp cdm bdn, tmh trang hgc ca 3 dugc xod bd, ti Id tre em trong dd tudi dd'n trudng dat 90%-95%. Gdn 100% xa mien nui ed nha van hod hoac diem buu didn - van hod; nhieu thdn, ban ed nha sinh hoat cdng ddng; gdn 90% xa cd didn thoai; 100% xa ed td ehiic co sd dang; gan 90% thdn ban cd chi bd, gidm sd thdn, ban khdng ed dang vidn. Ddi ngu edn bd ngudi DTTS cd bude trudng thanh, ti Id edn bd ngudi DTTS trong he thdng chinh trj d ede cap ngdy edng dugc nang Idn 3. Cac chuang trinh, chfnh sach eiia Ddng va Nha nude da tao co hdi dot phd giiip ngudi ngheo dn dinh cude sdng. Nhieu hd da thoat ngheo va vuon len lam gidu, gdp phdn tieh cue vao su phat trid'n kinh te - xa hgi vting DTTS, mien mii. Mgt sd chinh sach dac bidt da va dang lam thay ddi can bdn ddi sdng kinh te - xa hdi khu vuc mien niii, vting ddng bao DTTS. Nhidu chinh sach dac bidt da tao nen hidu qud to Idn, gia tri nhan van sau sdc, nhu Chuang trinh 135, Nghj quyet 30a/2008/NQ-CP cua Chinh phii vd (Thuong trinh hd trg gidm ngheo nhanh va ben vting. Chuang trinh xay dung trung tam cum xa, vdi ngudn kinh phi dau tu 600 ti ddng, xay dung 245 cdng trinh, da duge 29 tinh trid'n khai thuc hien diing tien do xay dung cac hang mue cdng trinh va da gidi ngan 94% ke hoach vdn'*. Kd't qud ddu tu Chuong trinh 135 giai doan I, giai doan II kd't hgp long ghep eae chuang trinh, du an tren dja ban vting DTTS va mien niii da ed tac ddng to Idn. He thdng giao thdng ndng thdn, kenh muong thuy lgi, phdt thanh truyen hinh, trudng hge, tram y td duge md rdng quy md, nang cao chat lugng hoat ddng va phdt tridn dd'n vting sau, vting xa. Cdc linh vue y te, van hod, gido due cd budc chuyen bie'n tich cue. Cdng tde xda ddi, gidm ngheo dat kd't qua tdt, ddi sdng ddng bdo DTTS ngheo tung bude cdi thidn; trinh dd ddi ngu can be cap xa, thdn, ban dugc nang len. Ti Id hd ngheo hdng nam gidm tu 3-4%. Tinh dd'n hd't nam 2009, da ed khodng 110 xa ciia 26 tinh da hoan thdnh cde mue tidu dau tu va dugc dua ra khdi Chuong trinh 135^. Ddng bao cdc dan tdc ngay cang tin tudng vao su lanh dao cua Dang va cdng cude ddi mdi da't nudc, doan ke't cdng ddng, tich cue tham gia xay dung va bao vd To qudc. Cdng tdc ddo tao, bdi dudng, nang cao trinh do, tay nghe cho ngudi lao ddng, gidi TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NU6c - SO 172 (5-2010) 25 NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO DOI thieu vide lam, xua't khau lao ddng dugc day manh, gidm bdt tinh trang thidu vide lam, that nghidp ciia ngudi dan d thdnh thj va ndng thdn (trong 3 nam thuc hidn Nghj quyd't Dai hdi X cua Dang, da giai quyd't vide ldm mdi cho khodng gdn 5 trieu lugt lao ddng; sd lao ddng vd chuydn gia di lao ddng d cde nude dat gdn 250 nghin ngudi, nang tdng sd lao ddng va chuyen gia Viet Nam ldm vide d nudc ngodi Idn trdn 470 nghin ngudi, hang nam giri ve nudc tren 1,7 ti USD). Cdng tac xoa ddi, giam ngheo tidp tue dugc quan tam, dat ke't qud tich cue. Chuan ngheo dugc nang Idn, ti Id hd ngheo tiep tuc gidm d tat ed eae vting, tinh, thanh phd. Trong 2 nam 2006 - 2007, hd ngheo tiep tue gidm binh quan trdn 300 nghin hd/nam, nam 2006 ti Id hd ngheo edn 15,5%, nam 2007 edn 14,8% (giam dugc 7,2% so vdi cudi nam 2005). Trong dd, Tay Bde cdn 32,4%, Ddng Bde 23,4%, ddng bdng sdng Hdng 10%, Bde Trung Bd 23,4%, duydn hdi midn Trung 16,2%, Tay Nguydn 21,3%, Ddng Nam Bd 5,1%, ddng bdng sdng Cim Long 12,9%. Mdt sd dja phuong da co bdn xoa hd't sd hd ngheo theo chudn qudc gia (nhu Da Ndng, Binh Duong, thdnh phd Hd Chf Minh) va dp dung chuan ngheo mdi eiia dja phuong cao hon ttr 1,5 - 2 Idn so vdi ehuan ngheo qudc gia6. Thu ba, phat trien gido due, dao tao; xay dung va phdt trid'n ndn van hda tidn tien, dam da bdn sdc dan tde, khdng ngtmg nang eao ddi sdng tinh thdn ciia cac dan tdc. Thue hidn ehii truang: ddu tu phdt trien giao due, dao tao la qud'e sach hang ddu, cdc cap iiy va ehfnh quyen da ludn quan tam ddu tu de nang eao chat lugng giao due va ddo tao, cd chfnh sach uu tidn dd'i vdi cde DTTS, ddng bao vting mien niii, vting cao, vting bidn gidi, hai ddo: "Ddu tu eho su nghidp giao due va dao tao tang len ddng ke. Nam 2005, chi eho giao due va dao tao chie'm khoang 18% tdng chi ngan sdeh nha nude; da huy ddng duoc nhieu ngudn vd'n khac de phdt trien giao due thdng qua vide phdt hdnh cdng trai gido due, ddng gdp eua dan cu, cua doanh nghiep, vd'n ttr ben ngoai. Co sd vat chat cLia nganh da dugc tang cudng, dac bidt la dd'i vdi vung niii, vting ddng bao dan tdc thieu so" . Danh gia sir lanh dao sau nira nhiem ki Dai hdi X, Hdi nghj Trung uang 9 khdng djnh: "Giao due d vting sau, vting xa, vting kinh td' - xa hdi khd khan dupc quan tam phdt trien hon. Tliuc hien nhidu chinh sach hd trg hgc sinh ngheo, tre khuyet tat, tre em cd hoan canh khd khan, con em ddng bao cac dan tdc thieu sd"^. He thdng trudng dan tdc ndi trii dugc ddu tu xung dang vdi nhu cau hgc tap eiia con em ddng bao DTTS. Ddng thdi, Nha nudc cd nhieu chfnh sach hd trg, khuyen khfch sir hgc tap, ren luyen cua hgc sinh DTTS khdng chi trong bac hgc phd thdng ma ca trong qua trinh hgc d cac trudng day nghd, cao ddng, dai hgc vdi cac chinh sdeh hgc bdng, cho sinh vidn vay tien de ddng hgc phf va chi phf khdc trong qua trinh hpc tap; chfnh sdeh xet tuyen hge sinh la ngudi DTTS cir di dao tao bac dai hgc trong va ngodi nudc Thu tu, thuc hidn tdt cac chfnh sach y te, cham sdc, bao vd sire khde cua nhan dan, dae bidt quan tam nhieu hon dd'i vdi ddng bdo DTTS. Cdng tde bao ve va cham sdc sire khde nhan dan, dac biet dd'i vdi cac DTTS tidp tue duge quan tam. Dang va Nha nudc da ban hanh nhidu ca che, chinh sach, van ban chi dao, quy hoach phat trid'n mang ludi y te va mdt sd chuang trinh mue tidu qudc gia cham sdc SLi:c khoe nhan dan. Nha nudc da tang cudng dau tu nang cap cac CO sd y te, mang ludi kham chtfa benh ttr trung uong dd'n tinh, huyen, xa. Vide thuc hidn ed kd't qua cac chuang trinh y td' tai cdng ddng va kham chtra bdnh ban dau cho ngudi bdnh cd the bao hiem y te, ngudi ngheo tai xa da gdp phan tao dieu kien d^ ngudi dan tiep can djch vu y te' ca ban co chat lugng ban. Y te du phdng, edng tac phdng, chdng djch benh dugc tang cudng; da kjp thdi khdng che, ngan chan khdng de djch tidu chay cap lan rdng, keo dai; phdng chdng cd hidu qua cac benh sdt xua't huyet, 26 TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 172 (5-2010) NGHIEN COU - TRAO DOI chan tay midng De'n nay, cd nude ed 45% so xa dat chudn qud'e gia ve y te xa. Tang cudng xay dung, eiing cd cde thid't che van hod; tiep tuc thuc hien cdc chuong tiinii bao tdn va phdt huy cae gid trj van hod tieu bieu ciia dan tdc; trong dd, chii trpng khuyen khich, bdo tdn va phat huy van hod truyen thdng eiia cac DTTS. Hoat dpng van hoa d co sd va phong trao "Todn clan dodn ke't xdy dUng din sdng vdn hod d khu ddn cu", cdc hoat ddng the' due, the thao cd budc phdt trid'n. Bdo chf, xuat bdn, phat thanh, truyen hinh phat trien nhanh, phong phii, da dang, ed nhidu ddng gdp tich cue. Thif ndm, thuc hien ehinh sach dan tdc gdn lien vdi thue hidn chfnh sdeh tdn gido ciia Ddng vd Nha nude. Van dd' doan ke't dan tdc va dodn kd't tdn gido dugc Dang va Nha nudc ta khdng djnh nhat qudn la van de ed y nghia ehid'n luge ciia cdch mang Viet Nam. Sdng "Tdt ddi dep dao", "Ddng hanh cting dan tde" ludn Id truyen thdng, la mue tieu ehung cua eae td chirc tdn gido d Viet Nam va la co sd hod nhap, ciing cd va tang cudng khd'i dai doan kd't giua ddng bao ed tfn ngudng, tdn giao vdi ddng bao khdng cd tin ngudng, tdn gido. "Tdt ddi" va "dep dao" la hai mat ed mdi quan he thdng nha't vdi nhau. Ddi sdng xa hdi ngdy cang phdt trid'n, dd la co sd va dieu kidn dd' chain lo hanh phiie eho eon ngudi; trong dd, cd ddng bao cd dao. Nguge lai, ddng biio tdn giao sdng "Dep dao" cting chfnh la gop phdn lam cho cae gid trj dao diic, van hoa tdt dep ciia dan tdc dugc nhan rdng phd bie'n, dugc hien thue hod trong xa hdi, gdp phdn Cling cd va tang cudng viing chde khdi dai doan kd't toan dan. Ngoai ra, thue hidn ehfnh sach dan tdc cua Dang va Nha nude, td chiic va hoat dpng eua cac ea quan ve va'n de dan tdc khdng ngtmg ddi mdi va phdt huy vai trd, sire manh eiia ea he thdng chfnh trj trong xay dung khdi dai doan ket todn dan tdc. Dae biet, ngay 10-5-2010, Dai hdi dai bieu toan qud'e cac DTTS Viet Nam da khai mac. Day eung la djp dd Ddng \'a Nhd nude tdn vinh cdng lao to Idn ciia cac DTTS ddi vdi thdng lgi ehung ciia each mang Viet Nam. Tuy nhidn, vide thuc hidn ehinh sach dan tdc ciia Ddng va Nhd nudc trong thdi gian vtra qua vdn cdn mdt sd bat cap, yd'u kem cdn khdc phue nhu: - Thdnh tuu xod ddi, gidm ngheo chua that vtfng chdc. Sd hd ngheo va tai ngheo d mdt so vting cdn Idn, ti Id hd ngheo theo chuan mdi edn cao. Ddi sdng nhan dan vting sau, vting xa, vting thudng bj thidn tai edn nhieu khd khan; nhidu vting DTTS ed ti Id hd ngheo eao ban so vdi binh quan cd nude. Mdt so ehinh sach trg giiip ngudi ngheo, hd ngheo, vting ngheo chua dugc td chirc thuc hien tdt^. - Cdng tac bdo vd va cham sdc sire khoe nhan dan cdn nhidu bat cap. He thdng y te' chain dot mdi, chat lugng djch vu y td'ehua dap ung nhu cdu ngay edng da dang eiia nhan dan; dieu kidn cham sdc y td' cho ngudi ngheo, vting sau, vung xa, vting DTTS edn nliieu ban ehe. - Qudn ly Id hdi chua chat ehe, ehua phan loai va hudng ddn td chirc phti hgp vdi timg loai Id hdi- Cdc thid't ehe van hoa cdn thieu, khai thae, sir dung chua hieu qud. Mirc hudng thu van hod ciia nhan dan edn thap, ehdnh lech Idn gitra cdc vting, cdc tdng ldp dan cu. Chat lugng phong trdo "Todn ddn dodn ke't xdy dUng ddi sdng vdn hod dkhu ddn cu" cdn ban ehe; danh hidu gia dinh van hod, khu phd, thdn, ban van hod d nhidu noi ehua diing thue chdt, nang ve hinh thire. Cdng tac q^udn ly cdc boat ddng van hod (td chiie bidu didn, sdn xuat bang, dia hinh, karaoke, vQ trudng ), qudn ly bdo chf (cd bdo viet, phdt thanh, truyen hinh, internet, blog), xuat ban edn nhieu mat budng ldng, de nay sinh tidu cue va khuynh hudng khdng lanh manh, rat bat lgi vd cdng tac chinh trj, tu tudng. - Cdng tac bao vd an ninh ndi bd, an ninh kinh te, an ninh ndng thdn, nhdt la an ninh trdn linh vuc tdn giao, dan tde, an ninh TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 172 (5-2010) 27 NGHIEN CQU - TRAO DOI tu tudng van hoa, an ninh thdng tin, bdo vd bf mat nha nudc cdn cd nhtrng so hd. Ben canh dd, cdng tac djnh canh, djnh cu lam chua tdt; ddi sdng kinh td' va van hod CLia ddng bao cdn thdp; sd ngudi mti chif cdn nhieu; mdt so phong tuc tap qudn lac hau cd hai chua dugc xod bd. Vide thuc hidn Nghj quye't sd 36-NQ/TW ngdy 26-3- 2004 cua Bd Chinh trj khda IX vd cdng tdc dd'i vdi ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai vdn cdn mdt sd ban che trong vide khuyen khieh, ddng vidn Viet kieu ddu tu tai Viet Nam trong nhting ngdnh, linh vuc ma Viet Nam dang rat thidu De tidp tuc thuc hidn tdt ehinh sach dan tde eua Ddng va Nha nude, cdc cap iiy, chfnh quyen va doan the' cdn tap trung mdt sd ndi dung chii yd'u sau: - Phat huy mgi ngudn luc de thiic day tang trudng kinh te, kim ehe lam phat, phdt trien nen kinh te tin trudng djnh hudng XHCN phti hgp vdi dae did'm, dieu kien eiia ttmg vung, bdo ddm cho ddng bao cae dan tde khai thdc the manh ciia dja phuong ldm giau cho minh va cho dat nudc, tham gia tieh cue vao su nghiep ddi mdi, xay dung vd bdo vd vung chdc Td qudc Vidt Nam XHCN. Ddy manh cdng tdc xoa ddi, gidm ngheo, nang eao ddi sdng vat chat, tinh thdn CLia ddng bdo DTTS, nhat la d cae xa vting dac bidt khd khan, hoan thidn va nang cap kd't cdu ha tang eo sd thid't yd'u, tap trung ddu tu phdt trid'n d eae dja phuang edn ngheo; phdt huy tiem nang, lgi the ttrng vimg, ddy manh chuyen djch eo cau cay trdng, vat nudi gdn vdi che bidn va tidu thu sdn phdm. Quan tam dao tao, day nghe, dich vu lam vide, tang thu nhap, nang cao chdt luong cude sdng cho ddng bdo cdc DTTS. - Ddu tu phdt trien gido due, ddo tao; trong do, ed ehinh sdeh uu tidn dac bidt phdt trien giao due vd ddo tao, coi trgng ddo tao edn bd va ddi ngQ tri thirc eho cae DTTS. Trudc mdt, coi trgng ddu tu chuong trinh xda mu chii va phd cap giao due trung hge CO sd va cdc chuong trinh giao due mien nui, nang cao chat lugng va hidu qua giao due, dao tao, nhat la he thdng trudng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru cac cap; dua chuang trinh day nghe vao cac trudng dan tdc ndi trii; tiep tuc thue hidn tdt chinh sdeh uu tidn, cir tuyen con em ddng bao cac DTTS vao hgc tai cac trudng dai hgc va cao ddng. Thuc hidn chfnh sach uu tidn, khuyen khfch ddi vdi can bd la ngudi DTTS, can bd cdng tdc d vting DTTS va mien niii. Cd chinh sach vdi ngudi cd uy tin trong cdng ddng, ke ca mdt so chire sdc tdn gido, gia lang, trudng ban. - Ddu tu bdo tdn va phat trid'n gid trj van hda cua cdng ddng cac dan tdc Viet Nam va ciia ttmg dan tdc, tiep thu nhung tinh hoa van hda nhan loai, xay dung nen van hda Viet Nam tidn tidn, dam da bdn sdc dan tdc. Ddng thdi bai trir nhung tap tuc lac hau can trd su tidn bd ciia cac dan tdc. - Ddu tu trang thid't bj, can bd cho ede co sd khdm ehtia bdnh cho cac viing DTTS, vimg khd khan; nang cao hon nifa chat lugng cdng tde chain sdc sire khde eho ddng bao DTTS. - Quy hoach phat trie'n kinh td' - xa hpi vting ddng bao cac DTTS gdn vdi chinh sach an ninh - qudc phdng, nhat la d cac dja ban xung yd'u, bidn gidi; ngan chan vide lgi dung van de dan tdc, tdn giao dd pha hoai khdi dai doan kdt gitfa cac dan tdc, lam mat dn djnh xa hdi. Quy hoach phat trien kinh td' hdng hoa gdn vdi xay dung ndng thdn mdi; xae lap quydn ldm chu cu the vd dat dai cua ddng bdo DTTS, khdc phuc can ban tinh trang tranh chap rudng dat vd di cu tu do d cac vimg DTTS hidn nay; giiip dd ddng bao djnh canh, djnh cu dn djnh cude sdng. Nha nudc cd chfnh sach uu dai dac bidt vd vd'n, midn gidm thue've cung iing vat tu, chuyen giao cdng nghd tidn tien va tidu thu san phdm, ke cd xuat khau cho ba con cae dan tdc; bao dam luong thuc eho cdc vting van tai khd khan, thidu thdn luang thuc, tao didu kidn de ddng bao khdng quay lai cupc 28 TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NU6C - SO 172 (5-2010) sdng du canh, du eu, phat nuang lam rdy nhu trudc kia. Thuc hidn dudng Id'i ddi mdi. Dang ta tie'p tuc khdng djnli: "Dang ta ludn coi van de dan tde va doan kd't ede dan tde la van de ehid'n luge, co ban, lau dai cua su nghidp each mang nudc ta. Cac dan tde trong dai gia dinh Viet Nam binh dang, dodn kd't, tdn trpng va giiip dd nhau eting tid'n bd; eting nliau thuc hidn thdng lgi sir nghiep cdng nghidp hod, hidn dai hod, xay dung va bdo ve Td qudc Viet Nam xa hdi chii nghia. Chiing ta thuc hidn nhat qudn chfnh sdeh ton trgng va bdo dam quyen tu do tfn ngudng, theo hoac klidng theo tdn gido eua cong dan, quydn sinh hoat tdn gido binh thudng theo phdp luat. Doan kd't ddng bdo theo cac tdn giao khdc nhau, ddng bdo theo tdn gido va ddng bao khdng theo tdn gido. Dau tranh ngan chan cae hdnh vi lgi dung cae van de dan tdc, tfn ngudng, tdn gido de hoat ddng trdi phdp luat, kich ddng, chia re NGHIEN Cl[rU - TRAO DOI nhan dan, chia re cae dan tde, tdn giao, lam phuang hai dd'n lgi feh ehung eiia dat nude" 10. Thuc hidn ehfnh sdeh dan tde trong giai doan hidn nay cdn qudn triet phuong cham: Lay mue tidu xay dung mdt nudc Viet Nam hda binh, ddc lap, thdng nha't, toan ven lanh thd, dan gidu, nude manh, dan chii, cdng bdng, van minh lam diem tuong ddngQ 1. Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hpi thai ki doi moi, NXB. CTQG. Ha Noi, 2005, tr. 101. 2, 6, 8. Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Hpi nghi lan thif chfn Ban Chap hanh Trung uong khoa X, NXB. CTQG, H 2009, tr. 77-78, 36, 31. 3. Chinh sach dan tpc cua Dang va Nha nudc ta: http://baolangson. vn/node/195. 4, 5. http://www.baodantoc.vn 7, 9, 10. Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hpi dai bieu loan quoc lan thii X, NXB CTQG, H.2006, tr. 154, 173,42. * *t* «1* •!* «1« »!• •!» »^ »1» *1* *f* •*• ^ ^ V ^ "r 't' •** HO CHI IVIINH VE CONG CHlJC, CONG VU (Tie'p theo trang 12). De bao ddm eho ddi ngu CB,CC thue su la "edng bde" ciia dan, Chien luge cung ehi ro: "Tliuc hien tdt quy chd' dan chu, md rpng dan ehii true tid'p d co sd, bao ddm eho dan tid'p xiic dd ddng vdi cac co quan cdng quyen, cd dieu kidn kiem tra cdn bd, cdng chirc, nha't la nhung ngudi true tid'p lam vide vdi dan"!^. Nhung quan diem chf dao ciia Dang da duge Nha nudc trien khai thuc hidn ttr vide ban hanh cac van ban phdp luat de didu chinli cde quan he ve cdng vu, edng ehirc de'n vide td ehiic thuc hidn cac van ban dd trong thue te. De xay dung ddi ngu CB,CC ngay mdt ehinh quy hidn dai, Nha nude da ban hdnh Phdp ldnh CB,CC nam 1998 (da duge sira ddi, bd sung nam 2000, 2003) va Ludt CB.CC nam 2008, eae nghj djnh, thdng tu hudng ddn thue hidn Ludt, Phdp lenh. Cae van bdn dd da the hidn ndi dung quan diem ciia Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh, ciia Dang ta dd'i vdi vide tuyen dung, bd nhidm, ddo tao, gido due, v.v. nhdm xay dung ddi ngu CB,CC ddp ihig yeu cdu qudn ly ddt nudc, xay dung nen hanh chinh trong sach, hidn daiQ 1. H6 Chi Minh: Toan tap, NXB. Chfnh trj qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2000, t.5, tr. 248. 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Sdd, T5, tr. 240-241, 269, 277,273,277,270,282. 4. Sdd, t.4, tr. 57 5. Sdd, t.4, tr. 57 II 13. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van kien Dang'thai ki ddi mdi, NXB. CTQG, H. 2005, tr.378, 217-218. 12. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thif IX, NXB CTQG, H. 2001, tr. 135. TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NU6c - SO 172 (5-2010) 29 . sdeh dan tde ludn ludn Id mdt bd phan trgng yd'u trong ehinh sach xa hdi", " Trong vide phat tridn kinh te, xa hdi o nhifng noi cd. khfch sir hgc tap, ren luyen cua hgc sinh DTTS khdng chi trong bac hgc phd thdng ma ca trong qua trinh hgc d cac trudng day nghd, cao ddng, dai hgc