SLEEP DISORDERS MEDICINE: BASIC SCIENCE, TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS, AND CLINICAL ASPECTS docx

[...]... development of the field of sleep medicine and in educating generations of physicians, dentists and other health care providers about sleep disorders has been monumental The first edition of Sleep Disorders Medicine, which appeared in the mid 1990s, has become the clinical gold standard for approaching sleep disorders in practice Its combination of basic science, technical details and clinical wisdom is unique... states34 with independent functions and controls: NREM and REM sleep Table 2–2 lists the physiologic criteria of wakefulness TABLE 2–3 Summary of Non–Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep States Sleep State % Sleep Time NREM sleep N1 N2 N3 REM sleep Tonic stage Phasic stage 75–80 3–8 45–55 15–20 20–25 — — and sleep, and Table 2–3 summarizes NREM and REM sleep states In an ideal situation... do have REM sleep. 74,75 Siegel and colleagues75 suggest that the echidna combines REM and NREM aspects of sleep in a single sleep state These authors further suggest that REM and NREM sleep evolved from a single, phylogenetically older sleep state Like humans, mammals can be short or long sleepers There are considerable similarities between sleep length and length of sleep cycles in small and large animals... metastases, lymphomas, and hamartomas affecting the posterior hypothalamus; pineal tumors; astrocytomas CHAPTER 3 Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness TABLE 3–1 Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Physiological Causes Sleep deprivation and sleepiness related to lifestyle and irregular sleep- wake schedule Pathologic Causes Primary Sleep Disorders Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Central sleep apnea syndrome... mechanism for sleep and asserted that sleep was caused by the retreat of blood and warmth into the inner regions of the body, whereas the Greek philosopher Aristotle thought sleep was related to food, which generates heat 5 6 BASIC ASPECTS OF SLEEP and causes sleepiness Paracelsus, a 16th-century physician, wrote that “natural” sleep lasted 6 hours, eliminating tiredness and refreshing the sleeper He... attention, and concentration Many other later human studies involving sleep restriction and sleep deprivation confirmed these observations and concluded that sleep deprivation and restriction cause serious consequences involving many body systems as well as affecting short- and long-term memories sleep duration and depression similar to that between sleep duration and mortality Both short ( . Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 SLEEP DISORDERS MEDICINE: BASIC SCIENCE, TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS, AND CLINICAL ASPECTS ISBN: 978-0-7506-7584-0 Copyright. Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sleep disorders medicine: basic science, technical considerations, and clinical aspects / [edited by] Sudhansu Chokroverty.