NGHIEN cufu - TRAO Dpi NGHIEN CU'U, CHE TAO THANH BUONG LAM VI6C CHO THIET Bl XU" LY NHIET DO AM OE NHIET LUYEN CAC S A N P H A M CO KHl CO T I N H NANG CONG NGHE OAC BIET RESEACRH, MANUFACTURING THE SHELL OF THE WORKING CHAMBER OF THE SUBZERO TEMPERATURE EQUIPMENT FOR HEAT-TREATMENT THE MECHANICAL PRODUCTS WITH A SPECIAL FEATURES TECHNOLOGY Tran Kien', Tran Ngoc Thir', Le Gia BaoS Le Trung Kien' 'Cong ty TNHH Cong nghe FC Hoa Lac -Vien Co khi, Tnrang Dai hoc Bach Idioa Ha Npi Chdt luang vd tuol tho ciia chi tiet luon Id moi quan tdm hdng ddu ctta cdc nhd sdn xuat Bdc biet, dot vdi cdc logt thep dugc su dung ldm thep dung Cl^ cdt, khuon dgp nguoi, bl, dung cu Id cdc thep hgp kim cao cd chuyen bien hodn todn Mactenxlte & nhiet dm Cong nghe gia cdng nhiet dm Id phugng phdp xu ly triet de nhdm chuyen hog Austenlte du thdnh Mactenxlte tai nhl?t ggn vgi nhiet ket thuc chuyen bien Mactenxlte cua vgt lieu Kit qud nhgn dugc Id mot to chitc vdt lieu gdn nhu hodn todn Id phg Mgctenxlte voi Cling vd khd ndng chdng mal mon cao Theo [4], ket qud nghien ciru dg chimg minh cho hieu qud cug cong nghe gig cong nhiet dm Theo do, hang Llnde chl rg rang, neu xir ly den dm 120 °C cho thep D2 sgu tdl (thep cita My ditng lain khuon dgp nguoi), ty le Austenit du thep cd thi gidm tic 14% xuong 1% Do vgy, tudi thQ ciia cdc khuon dap ldm bdng thep ndy cd the tdng len hgn 10 ldn so v&l cdc khuon khong qua xit ly nhiet dp dm Be dgt dugc hieu qud nhu vgy, dieu cdn thih nhgt ddl vol thiet bi xii ly nhiet id gm ndy Id cdn ddm bdo cho buong lgm viec hoat dgng chinh xdc, dgt ciing vimg ego vd hom het Id buong Id cdn phdi co cdch nhiet tdi uu nhdt Bdi bdo trinh bdy nghien ciru che tgo thdnh buong ldm viec cho thih blxir ly nhiet dm di ddm bdo dugc cdch nhiet, cdch dm toi uu nhdt cho thiet bi Tir khoa: Gia cdng nhiet dm: Mactenxlte; Nhiet dm 795°C; Nhiet duang 200'C; Cellular Glass PolyUrethaiie, SUS304 ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sa nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN cufu-TRAO D ABSTRACT The quality and longevity of details is always the first concern of the manufacturers In particular, for the steel is used as steel cutting tools, dies of stamping, bearings, measuring instruments is the high-alloy-steel with the complete transformation Mactenxlte in subzero temperatures Temperature processing technology is a method of radical processing to transform the retained Austenlte to Mactenxlte near the end of the changing Mactenxlte temperature The result is an organization receiving material is almost completely Mactenxlte challenge with firmness and high abrasion resistance According to [4], givingan example toprove the effectiveness of Sub-zero heat- treatment processing technologies The researches ofLinde show that, if processed into minus llCfCfor D2 (an American steel, which is used for stamping-dies), the retained Austenlte ratio in steel can be reduced from 14% to % Consequently, the longevity of the steel dies which can grow to more than 10 times higher than the untreated mold subzero temperatures To achieve this, the most essential thing for subzero equipment is needed chambers work ensures accurate operation, achieving high strong and above all that the chamber should have the optimal insulation This paper presents the research and manufacturing of the shell of the working chamber of the sub-zero temperature equipment to ensure the moisture and the insulation of it Keywords: Subzero; Mactenxlte; Minus 196°C Temperature; 200"C Temperature; Cellular Glass; PolyUrethane, SUS304 l.DATVANDE Thiet bi gia cdng nhiet dp am dupc de cap hong bai bao la may xir ly nhiet dp vdi dai nhiet dp tir am 196"C tdi duong 200''C, nham tao nhimg dae diem vupt hdi cua vat lipu so vdi cac phuofng phap xii If nhiet truyen thdng khac Ben canh viec tang tudi thp cho cac chi tiet ban^ viec nang cao dp ben va dp cung, mpt sd chi tiet cd tinh nang cdng nghe dae biet nhir can miu, ca-lip, vdng bi, banh rang, Cd yeu cau rat cao vd viec dn dinh td churc te vi nham giii cho kich thudc chi tidt dupc dn dinh hong sudt qua trinh lam viec, hong pham vi nhiet dp rat ldn va thdi gian lam viec rat dai, thi viec gia cdng nhiet dp am gan nhu la yeu can bat budc Vdi didu kien hoat dpng hong dai nhiet dp rdng, ddng thdi, thdi gian lam viec keo dai nen viec giir cho nhiet dp budng Id dupc dn dinh hong sudt quy trinh cdng nghe la yeu cau khdng thd thidu thidt ke va che tao thiet bi Tat nhien, viec dieu khien nhiet dp cdn phu thupc vao nhieu yeu td khac nhu: tinh chinh xac cua bd dieu khien, ket cau cac hp thdng cung cap va he thdng lam mat day, nhdm nghien cuu chi dua cac van de ve vat lieu che tao va cau true khung va budng lam viec cua thiet bi nham dua phuang an tdi uu nhat phuc vu viec thidt ke va che tao thu nghiem Id gia cdng nhiet dp am, dam bao dp cumg vimg ciing nhu kiem soat dupc su each nhiet cua budng Id vdi mdi trudng ben ngoai NOI DUNG NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Lya ehon vat lieu ch^ tao Viec lua chpn vat lieu che tao vd budng lam viec cd y nghia rat Idn ddi vdi tudi thp lam viec va gia tri kinh te cua thiet bi Qua nghien ciru, quyet dinh lira chpn vat lieu thep khdng gi SUS 304 chd tao vd budng Id Theo [2], day la loai hpp kim cd dae tinh chdng an mdn ddi vdi cac loai hda chat; Kha nang chdng oxi hda d nhiet dp cao, ngoai ra, cdn cd kha nang deo dai dugc den nhiet dp ciia hda ldng Ddng thdi Inox 304 cdn cd kha nang tao hinh tdt, thich hop vdi hau het cac phuong phap han '^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn N G H I E N cufu - TRAO DOI Bang I Thanh phdn iwa iipc hap kim Inox 3/i4 Nguyen to UNS S30400 304 C% 0.08 Si% 1.00 Viec thiet ke ket cau buong lam \ tec bang each l^ra chpn cac vat lieu each nhiet cung nhu chieu da\ cua timg lop vat lieu la het stic quan trong \ iec thiet ke thiet bi Vat lieu each nliiet thiet bi xu iy nhiet dp am can phai han che dong nhiet tir ngoai moi truang co nhiet dp cao \ ao buong lanh co nhiet dp thip \ a nguac lai Yeu cau quan trpng nhat doi vai \at lieu each nhiet thiet bj xu ly nhiet dp am la he so dan nhiet phai nho \ a chiu dung nhiet dp am WS'C va nhiet duong len tai 200"C, Bdng thai, CO su chenh lech nhiet dp cr moi truong ben ngoai va nhiet dp buong lam viec dan tai su chenh lech ap suat hai nuoc giua \ o ngoai \a ben buong lanh ga> dong am \ ach each nhiet Um cho kha nana each nhiet bi giam di daiig ke Lop each am khong can day nhung yeu cau sir lien tuc \ a thuong dupc b6 tri ben ngoai lap each nhiet de the hien kha nang ch6ng atn la tot ofaat Mn% 2.00 P% 0.045 S% 0.03 Cr% -\i% 18.0-20.0 S.0-10.5 tham nucrc khpng bat lira, duac sir dung rit tit cong nghiep nhiet lanh trpng ac he thing duong ong bon be LNG-LPG \ a cac he thing nam am duai l o n g d a t c o n h i e t d p t i r - l 96T din 450-C Hinh Bot Poly- Urethane \ \ a bupng thiet bi duac sir dung cong nghe Spra\- Foam (phun Foam) Day la cong nghe phun true tiep Poly-urethane len be mat each nhiet giup each nhiet tit hon han che toi da ton that nhiet qua cac lo r6ng mii noi , thuc hien de dang \ a i bit ki quv each, hinh dang cua buong Kit ciu phan tii khep kin hoan toan lam eho \at lieu cp kha nang ching tham \ a am moc tot Ngoai bpt Polyurethane CO trpng lugng nhe dp bin cap va dae biet ia he SP truyen nhiet thap Day la leai xix lieu c6 thi Iam \ iec n-png dai nhiet io rir am 40'C tai duong 80^'C khoang thoi gian du dai \-a ttJi duong I C khoang thai gian ngin han 2.2 .\ac dinh ket can ctia \ a c h each nhiet: Htnh Boi thuy nnh Cellular Glass Theo [2] bot thuy tinh Cellular Glass hay gpi la Foam Glass dupc ciu tap tit hang trieu phan nir each nhiet kin (CIpsed cell sttucmi^e) la loai vat lieu cdch nhiet ran nhung rat nhe khpne Qua nghien cuu da lira chpn ket cau so bp cua vach each nhiet nhu sau: - Lop trpng Cling la thep Inpx day 2mm - Tiep thep la lap bang thiiy tinh Cellular Glass CP diD day 6| (m) ISSN 0866 - 70i6 TAP CHi CO KHI \TET NAM So nam 2015 »n-».cokhliietnam.\ n NGHIEN cufu-TRAO D I - Tiep theo la ldp Foam Poly-Urethane cd dp day 5^ (m) - Ngoai Cling la ldp thep Inox SUS 304 day 2mm ngan t^ phai thip hem nhiet dp lam viec cho phep nhd nhit cua hai loai vat lieu Nhu vay, d day xet nhiet dp t^ < SCC se dam bao an toan cho hai ldp vat lieu each nhiet ndi hen Tu dd, can tinh toan va lira chpn chieu day t h i a ke cho hai ldp vat lieu each nhiet Theo [1], chidu day Foam Poly-Urethane dupc tinh toan theo cdng thurc: a) Ti'nh toan d* nhidt diromg: - Dieu kien ban dau: S, = X \k {a^ ~/i; a, n + Nhiet dp mdi trudng tinh toan: 7;,=34''C; _,_r»'~ 010/ + Dp am: ^„„ = % ; +Do chieu day ldp vach SUS304 nhd va he sd truydn nhiet cao nen tinh toan, nhdm nghien cuu coi nhu khdng anh hudng tdi vach each nhiet - Theo [1], mat dp truyen nhiet qua vach duoc xac dinh theo cdng thuc : t-t ^=-^-^(W/m^K) (2-1) 2""^ X" ^Q Q2I\— f J _ + _ ^ + _ L ) (m) ' 0,19 l23,3 0,031 10,5) L ' v ' ' ' /J Tu(2-1) va (2-2), thu dupc bitdangthiic: ^ " " +JiZh— ^(°c) ^ +^ A ^ ^ < 80 (°C) (2-4) Tu (2-3) ta thu dupc d = 0,139- 0,87.5, ^ ,, Trongdo: Vdi ket qua do, tiJr (2-4) ta nhan duac: fj la nhiet dp mdi trudng ngoai/^ = 34°C; 5^ > 0,11546 (m) - 115,64 (mm) /,: Nhiet dp hong budng lam viec f, =200''C; ;^ 5,: Chieu day cua lop bongthuy tmh,;, =0,07; /^: He SO din nhiet cua bpt thuy tinh /l, =0,031; S,: C h i k day cua lap PU g, =0,08; Nhu vay, de thiet bi hoat ddng duac ^^ , ^ , ^ ^, ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ ^^., q^ ^ ^ ^^^^ 16 theo cac quy trinh cong nghe dat cin lua '^hpn dp day lap bong thuy tinh thich hap Sau khao sat, quyet dinh lua chon chieu day lap j , ^ ^ ,|j^y ^^ (,^„^^^ QJ^^J, 5^ ^ J^Q ^^^^ ^ : He so dan nhiet cua lop PU/1, =0,02 - Cung theo [1], nhiet dp nSm giSa vach ngan giiia bpt thuy tinh va Pply-Urethane dupc tinh bai: ^q^CC) (2-3) ^^ j.j^^ ,^^^ ^ „ y , ^ - ^ Theo [1], he sd truyen nhiet thuc cua vach dupc xac dinh theo cdng thuc: (2-2) Dd dam bao dp an toan cho hai lap vat lieu, , , , , , ^ J •' 1, can phai dam bao cho nhiet dp nam giua vach *.- 'T^, L - + I f + f ^ ^ ^ ^iT^+Tir^ + ^ + ; r ^ *^^"^* a, I X ff, 23,3 10,5 0,027 0,031 ri i ™ ^ iSSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D6I Ciing tiieo [1] he sd tmyen nhiet dpng suang duoc tinh theo cdng thuc: bao bpc cd chieu day 2mm KET QUA \ A BAN LUAN A,=0,95.a,.-*—'tj - f j (2-6) Trong dd: Nhdm nghien curu da dua hen cac kk qua tinh toan ly thuyet da dira phuang an chi tao va kiem nghiem cac ket qua nghien cuu t,- Nhipt dp khdng ben ngoai, °C t,- Nhiet dp khdng hong budng lanh t^- nhiet dp diem dpng suong, °C Vdi nhiet dp thuc td la 34'^'C dp dm 83%, cung theo [1], tra dupc ts = 32,5 C Do dd, tu (2-6) tinh duprc: t =0,95.23,3 34- 34-(-196) = 0,144 Lap each nhiet, chi cd tac dung each nhiet am dat yeu cau thda man didu kien vach ngoai khdng bi dpng sucmg, hay ndi each khac, k^ 53,12 (mm) Dd vach each nhiet cd tiid dat 5.6) Khe tudn hoan khong khi; duac s\r each nhiet tdi da cho thi^t bi, tranh hien 7.8) Cdc vdch Inox tugng dpng suong d-en vach ngoai ciia Id qua hinh nhiet dp xudng am ^ , bai bao Cac lap each nhiet duac bd tri theo tini ts lira chpn chieu day 5,= 100mm giiia va Dua tren cdc tinh todn a tren, ket cdu cua vdch cdch nhi^t ducrc thiet ke nhu sau: - Vd hong budng lam \ iec dugc chd tao bing tiiep khdng gi SUS 304 day 2mm - Tiep tiieo la ldp each nhiet Cellular Glass cd chidu day 150nim -r-: jx , ,, , ,^.H " "^ ^ " ? ^ ' ' " ' ' "••'=*'»=,'=" me dvng vua each am, vua cach nhiet chp buong lo co chieu day lOOinm Hinh 4: Ldp rdp hodn thien 16 Cac vin d i v S truySn nhiet 16 duoc dae, kiim tra b k g cac thiit bi do: D,.,,,, , -Ben ngoai la lop thep khong giSUS304 -CannhietPtlOOcodainhietdoduoctbl -250°C toi+850°C ISSN 0866-7056 TAP CHi CO KHl VIET NAM, S6 nam 2015 HTvw.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUTU-TRAO Ddl - Sensor nhiet - Sung b i n nhiet dp hang Sato kdt qua rtiiiet dp ciia thiet bi de kiem nhiet dp tuc thdi tai mdt thdi diem bat ki hong budng Id Ddng thdi, su dung thiet bi nhiet dp ciia hang Sato de lai ket qua vd ngoai cua Id de so sanh va dua cac ket luan, danh gia ve hieu qua cua he thdng each nhiet Hinh 5: Can nhiet Ptl 00 Hinh 8: Do kiem tra nhiet dp vo Id Htnh Sensor nhiet Hinh 9: Gia nhiit buong Id Ket qua cho thay, hong ca hai qua trinh nang nhiet len duong 200**C va nhiet ve am 196''C, nhiet dp cua vd Id khdng cd su chenh lech nhieu ve nhiet dp Vdi nhiet dp ciia mdi trudng nam a miic 31,6''C thi ket qua cho thay khdng cd s\r sai khac dang ke ciia nhiet dp ngoai be mat vd Id so vdi nhiet dp ciia mdi trudng Nhiet dp duac van dang nam hong miic dp cho phep cua sai sd thiet bi (±1°C), nen cd the ket luan rang he thdng each nhiet duoc thiet ke la hoan toan cd kha nang each nhiet tdt, ban che tdi da tdn that nhiet mdi trudng ben ngoai Hinh 7: Sung bdn nhiet Sling ban nhiet dp [3]: - Xuat xii: Hang Sato - Dai nhiet: (-20)''C ^ (+420)"C - Khoang each khuyen cao : m - Dp sai Ipch nhiet dp: i l ^ C Th\rc hien ca hai qua trinh nang va nhiet hong budng lam viec thdng qua bd dieu khidn kha trinh PLC va bang hien thi dien tii, cac Ket qua nghien ciiu da duac iing dung vao san xuat thii nghiem thiet bi gia cdng nhiet am tai cdng ty TNHH Cdng nghe FC Hda Lac, dem lai cac ket qua rat kha quan hong linh vuc xu ly nhiet lanh va each nhiet ^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO DOI KET LLAN Kdt qua nghien ciiu da dua dupc phuong an thiet ke ket can budng lam viec oia thidt bi gia cdng nhiet dp am, dam bao su each nhiet, each am tdt, phuc vu cho viec nhiet luyen cac chi ri^i CO cd tinh nang cdng nghe dae biet vdi dai nhiet dp lam vide buong Id tir am 196*0 tdi ducmg 200°C Kdt ciu hpp ly ciia budng lam viec dugc dua nhu sau: - Ldp vd hong budng lam viec dugc thiet ke bang thep khdng gi day 2mm Ldp tidp theo la bpt Cellular Glass day SOrmn Sau dd, phun bgt PolyUrethane vdi chieu day 100mm Cudi cimg ldp ben ngoai la thep khdng gi SUS 304 day 2mm Vdi phuang an nay, budng lam \ iec hoan toan co the dam bao dugc sir hoat ddng tdt nhd su hieu qua cua ldp each nhiet, lam giam tdi da tdn that nhidt cho thiet hi, dem lai hieu qua kinh te cao Ket qua nghien ciiu cd the tham khao de thiet ke budng IMH viec cua Id xii ly nhiet dp am khac cd dieu kien tuang Ui.*l* Ngay nhan bai: 17/4/2015 Ngay phan bien: 08/5/2015 Tai lieu tham khao: [ ] Nguyin Due Lcri Huang ddn thief ki he thong lgnh NXB Khoa hpc va Ky tiiuat, 2005 [2] Nguyen Diic Lpi, Vii Dilm Huong, Ngu> In Khic Xuong, Vat lieu k\ thudt nhiet lanh vd k\ thudt nhiH, N.XB Giao due Ha Noi 199S [3] Tai lieu hudng dan sii dung may nhiet dp Sale, Nhat Ban [4] Anp./Aniit linde.com TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 nam 2015 wTvw.cokhivietnain.vn ... day 2mm ngan t^ phai thip hem nhiet dp lam viec cho phep nhd nhit cua hai loai vat lieu Nhu vay, d day xet nhiet dp t^ < SCC se dam bao an toan cho hai ldp vat lieu each nhiet ndi hen Tu dd, can... cua vach dupc xac dinh theo cdng thuc: (2-2) Dd dam bao dp an toan cho hai lap vat lieu, , , , , , ^ J •'' 1, can phai dam bao cho nhiet dp nam giua vach *.- ''T^, L - + I f + f ^ ^ ^ ^iT^+Tir^... miic 31,6''''C thi ket qua cho thay khdng cd s\r sai khac dang ke ciia nhiet dp ngoai be mat vd Id so vdi nhiet dp ciia mdi trudng Nhiet dp duac van dang nam hong miic dp cho phep cua sai sd thiet