ISSN: 2354-0575 ^^"^ X U^G DUNG C N G N G H E FPGA CHO / O \ °\ / '"""^ XAV DlTNG HE THONG DIEU KHEfeNBfeN GIAO T H N G FPGA TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION FOR CONTROLLING OF TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEM Pham Thi Nggc Anh, Ll Bd Dung Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Ky thudt Hung Yin Tom tdt: Bdi bdo trinh bdy ve cdu tnic FPGA hi thdng phdn cung thiit ki cho ung dung FPGA Viec dp dyng hi xu ly da nhiem, phdn mim da tde vu th&i gian thuc duac tich hgp vdo FPGA la npi dung chu yiu cua bdi bdo Kit qud nghien euu dd dugc thu nghiim trin md hinh dieu khien mdt mit giao thdng vd ddp ung dugc yeu cdu de Tir khda: FPGA, da nhiem, th&i gian thuc thudt todn diiu khiin Mddau: Ngdy nay, trinh dp khoa hpc va cong nghe thi gifli dang phat trien manh me va rflng khap mpi linh vuc dac biet ttong cflng nghe che tao IC Mpt nhiing qua dang ghi nhan ciia su phat triln ay la su ddi ciia cac vi mach logic kha trinli FPGA FPGA ddi nham biln tat ca mpt h| thong so co tflc cao, tin cay vdi kha nang xu ly tin hilu sfl, thuc hien chuc nang logic, thuc hien he thflng nhiing va ddc biet vdi kha ndng tiiy biln cao ve phan cung vao ttong mflt chip; bin canh dfl FPGA cfln dflng vai ttfl la cac phien ban mau cho cdc chip ASIC san xudt hang loat Diiu da dem lai nhdng lpi ich thiet thuc va to Ion cho cac nhd thilt kl IC ciing nhu khach hang su dung Chinh vi dieu dfl, FPGA cang chilm thi phdn caottongcac san pham diln tu cflng nghe cao trin toan thi gioi Chinh vi vay viec dp dung cflng nghe FPGA vao phuc vu dfli sflng ttd len rat hiiu ich Bai bao trinh bay ve ung dung cflng nghi FPGA xay dung h | thflng dilu khien den giao thflng Bai bao bao gflm cac phan: l,Md dau; 2,HI thflng phan Cling FPGA; 3,Phan mem da nhilm thdi gian thuc; 4,Thuc nghiim; 5,Kit luan • Ma ttdn chuyen mach (Swith Matrix) de kit nfli cdc CLBs - kit nfli lap trinh dugc • Cac khfli vao - lOB (In/Out Blocks) 2.2 H^ thing ph4n cihig thilt ke cho hi thi nghifm diiu khiin den giao thong He thflng phan cung thilt kl cho hi thi nghiim dilu khien den giao thong co the thay tten hinh bao gflm: Hinh Kit thuc hdnh FPGA FTKIJ • FPGAXC3S250E • LCD Character 1602M, LCD character cfl kha nang hiin thi hang vdi 16 ky tu tten mfli hang LCD dugc kit nfli true tiip vdi FPGA qua 12 chdn Hf thong ph^n cung FPGA tin hieu 2.1 Cflng nghe FPGA • Hiin thi sfl vdi LED thanh, khfli hiin FPGA dupc dua gidi thieu ldn ddu tien thi sfl vdi LED 7-thanh Cac LED 7-thanh su giiia nhimg nam 1980 bdi Xilmx FPGA la hi viit tdt dung chung dudng bus 8-bit tin hieu diiu khiin hiin cua Field Programmable Gate Arrays - Mang cflng thj tu FPGA kha trinh Dd chinh la mflt dilm manh cua FPGA • Ban phim mattdn4X5 cung nhu cac thiit bi PLD khac Nhiiu FPGA hien • Bd thuc hanh FTKII.O cung cdp mgt ban dai cfl kha nang de lap trinh lai ttong dang boat phim ma ttan cflt hang dpng, va dieu rat quan ttgng cho y tudng cua • Hiin Ihi LED va cflng tdc JUMP cung cdp viec tinh toan cau hinh lai hoac dl tu cau hinh lai cho ngudi su dung LED va cong tdc jump xip phli hop cho cac boat dgng tilp theo Kiin true ca hdng ngang a vi tri phia dudi ben phai ban ciia mgt FPGA gflm co: • Bo chuyen dfli ADC 8-bit su dyng • Cdc khoi logic cfl the cau hinh lai duoc - ADC0809 kit nfli vdi FPGA thdng qua cac bg CLB (Configuable Logic Blocks) chuyin ddi diln ap tu TTL sang LVTTL hoac 56 Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - S6 3/2014 Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2354-0575 LVCMOS Switch (message type) {case M E S S A G E T Y P E X ; Thiet ke he th6ng da nhi^m thdi gian thgc 3.1 H^ thong da nhifm, da tdc vu thcri gian thuc Break; Y tudng CO bdn ciia tbdi gian thuc t h i hien Case M E S S A G E T Y P E ^ Y d chfl, mpt he thflng phai cfl nhiing phdn ting thich hgp, dung thfli diim vdi mfli truong ciia nfl Thfli Break; gian thgc cfl nghia "du nhanh" ttong mpt ngu canh, } ttong mflt moi truflng md he thflng dang hoat dgng } Thgc chdt ciia viec tinh todn thfli gian thuc khflng } chi d viec phan ung du nhanh ma cfln phdi dang tin cay va chinh xac Viec xay dung mdi hoan toan mgt 3.2 Lich trinh (Scheduhng) he thong thdi gian thuc se mit rdt nhiiu thdi gian va Cac tac vy (task) boat dflng dufli sy giam sat cflng sue [1, 2] ciia nhan kemel thfli gian thyc Chimg bao gflm: _ Y ttrong c a ban ciia da tac vy la: chiing ta • Mpt tap hpp cac dich vy thyc hien cac cong cfl thi phdn chia mpt vin d i ldn cac nhdnh viec nhu dflng bfl boa va giao tiip truyin thflng giua nhfl va don gian hem d i giai quyit Mfli mflt vin d i cac tac vu trd mdt tac vu - task Mfli mgt tac vu chi • Mgt bp lap lich (scheduler) vdi chuc nang lam mgt vile ciia chinh no Trin thuc ti, cac tac vu khang dinh rang chi cfl nhat tac vu vdi muc uu khong bao gid chay song song neu chung ta khflng tien cao nhat dang dugc thyc thi cfl mgt he thong da vi xii ly Trong truflng hgp dang Bp lap hch xet cac tac vy nhu nhiing cai may xet, cac tac vu se chia se mOt bfl Vi dilu khiin trang thai (state machme) Tdt ca cac kemel diu cd Ciing giflng nhu cac chuang ttinh khac, mgt mfl hinh ttang thai ciia nfl, nhien, thflng thudng tac vu bao gflm ma lenh d l thuc hien cac chuc nang thi cdc mfl hinh ttang thai rdt phuc tap Hinh ma tac vy phai thuc hien (do ngudi lap trinh thiit chi cho thay mflt mfl hinh trang thai mang tinh ki) Ma lenh dugc chda ttong mflt ham tuong ty khai niem cua tac vu nhu hdm main() ngfln ngir leip trinh C Dilu lam nen sy khac biet ciia tac vy chinh la ngu canh chua ttong ngan x i p cua no [3, 4] Hinh Cdu trdc cua Task Nhu vdy, mflt tac vy bao gflm: • Ma ngufln chda cac chdc nang ciia tac vy • Mflt ngan x i p - stack de chua ngu canh (context) cua dii lieu • Mgt hop thu - mailbox (tuy chpn) d l phuc vy cho vile truyin thflng vfli cac tac vu khac Vi dy doan ma sau milu ta cau tnic ma nguon cua mflt tac vy Dfli sfl data dung de tham so boa mflt tac vu Vai tto cua nfl cung giflng vdi cac doi sfl argv va argc ttong bam main() vfli ngfln ngii C Dfli sd thuc su quan ttgng ttong trudng hgp nhiiu tdc vu ciing dugc tao tu mdt ham Sy nhdt cua tac vy dugc thi hi?n bfli gid tri ciia dfli sfl Void task (void *data) { init task(); While (TRUE) { Wait for message as task mainlbox(); Khoa hpc & C6ng nghf - So 3/2014 Hinh Md td trgng thdi ciia cdc tdc vu Trong hinh 3, ta thay cfl cac ttang thai: • Dang thuc thi (Running): Chi cfl nhat mpt tac vy la dugc nam ttong trang thai Mpt tac vu cfl the ty dflng chuyin tu ttang thai Dang thuc thi sang ttang thai Khoa (Blocked) bang viec chd dpi mgt sy kiln xay Trong mgt he thong cfl su chilm quyen thuc thi (chiing ta se de cap d i n no sau), bfl lap lich co the bat mflt tac vy dang d ttang thai Dang thue thi xuflng ttang thai Sdn sdng (Ready) n i u cfl rapt tdc VTI VOI muc uu tien cao hon chuyen den trang thai Sdn sdng Chung ta gpi no la sy chiem quyen thyc thi (preemption) • San sdng (Ready): NIu mflt tac vy da san sang de hoat dgng nhimg lai co muc uu tien thap ban tac vy dang thuc thi, tac vy se dugc chuyen din ttang thai va chd Tac vu se dupc chuyen den ttang thai Dang thuc thi neu nfl trd Journal of Science and Technology 57 ISSN: 2354-0575 tac vy cfl muc uu tien cao nhat • Khoa (Blocked): Mflt tac vu bi khoa la tac vy dang dgi mpt sy kiln nao xay ra, vi dy nhu mflt ban tin, tin nhan dugc gui din hop thu cda tdc vy dfl, hay thdi gian chd cda tac vu kit thiic // Chap nhdn ngat // Tao TASK } 3,3, Tich hgp phdn mem da tac vu vao FPGA 3.3.1 Cac thuc the cua Vi dilu khiln Cac Modules thyc the ciia bfl Vi dieu khiln cdn cfl de nhung vao FPGA [4] bao gom: • Modul thyc the chia tdn • Module thyc thi Vi dieu khien • Module thyc thi RAM • Module thyc the chuang trinh da tac vy Tuy theo thiet kl, cac Modules cfl the viet tten VHDL, verlog, hoac viet tren C Trong hi thi nghiem chung tfli su dyng ngfln ngu la VHDLvaC 3.3.2 Thiet ke cbirong trinh dilu khien da tdc vg Tren Hinh la milu ta so dfl thuat toan cho hi thflng xu ly da tac vy iTng dung he da tdc nghiep cho dieu khien mot nut giao thdng danh cho ngirdi di b$ 4.1 Thiet ke phan cung cho thi nghiim So dfl tflng quan ciia he thflng thiet ke phan cdng ttIn hinh Hinh So dd tdng quan ciia he thdng De xdy dung mpt he xu ly da tac vy cho dieu Idiien cac den xanh va bfl dim cho mgt niit giao thflng, chung tfli thyc hien nhu sau: Bat Dau "' Khoi tao Salvo cung cac ttianh ghi '' Tao cac TASK '' Dmh thcri cac TASK "' Chay TASK thich hop ^ Hinh Sa thudt todn So dfl dugc cai dat nhu sau: void main( void) { //ciu hinh choTIMER) //Chip nhan ngdt TIMERO Hinh So dd thudt todn cho mdt tdc vu Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - S6 3/2014 Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2354-0575 * Mdi mflt hudng di la mpt tdc vu cho thuc hien cdc cdng vile (Hinh 6) - Bat den xanh hay - Thuc hiem dim lui theo mflt khoang thdi gian nhdt dinh cho thdi gian dgi hay thdi gian duoc phep di * Mfli mflt nut giao thflng cfl the co den tac vy, * Khd ndng thyc hien so lugng ldn cac tdc vu phu thupc vao thdi gian xu ly cua bd Vi dieu khien Trin bmh 7, cho thdy kit qua thu nghiim nhung he xii ly da tac vu vao FPGA chay tren phdn cung thiet ke sir dung FPGA, Hinh Md td kit qud thuc hiin hai tdc vu tren kit FPGA Hinh Md hinh kit ndi phdn cung bin ngodi Ket luan Bai bao trinh bay ung dung cflng nghe FPGA cho dieu khien den giao thflng cac thdnh phfl Ion Vile tich hgp he thong da nhiem da tac vy thflng qua xdy dyng thuat toan de dieu khien mflt diem nut giao thflng la mgt ttong cac nghien ciiu ap dung cflng nghe FPGA hien Nghien cuu, dp dung cflng nghe FPGA la mflt hudng nghien cuu mfli, rat cfl y nghia ttong dieu khiln, cung nhu xay dung va thiet ke cac he thflng nhiing Tiep can tten cho phep khai thac dugc thi manh ciia ky thuat lap trinh va phan cung ciia cong nghi Tli lieu tham khao [1] Ll Ba Diing, Bg vi dieu khiin PIC16F84 vdphdn mem tdc nghiip thoi gian thuc cho thu thdp xir ly da lieu vd dieu khien Tap chi Khoa hpc cflng nghe (6 truflng DH) [2] Le Ba Dung, Bui Nguyen Dai, A real time multitasking operating software based on IBM PC for data acquisition, processing and control', The Sixth National Conference on Automation VICA 6, Ha nfli, 2005 P [3] LIBdDung, Bui Nguyin Dai, Trdn Thi Hoang, Xayrfimg/fe(/longn/zMng^flrt/i/ew vd thiit ki mdy tinh don Board vol vi xir ly Intel x86,Tuy&n tap Hoi thao CJ^TT, Hai Phong, 2005 [4] LeBaDung, Bdo cdo de tdi "Thiit ki Bd xu ty chuyen dung cho luang vd dieu khiin",Yiea KH&CN Viet Nam 2009 Abstract: This paper presents the FPGA architecture, system hardware design for FPGA applications The Khoa hgc & Cong nghf - So 3/2014 Journal of Science and Technology 59 ISSN: 2354-0575 application of multitasking, multiprogramming real-time software is integrated into FPGA that is the main contents of this paper The research results have been tested on a control model intersections and satisfies the request purposes Keywords: FPGA multitasking, real-time, control algorithm Ngudi phan bien: T S Bui lYung Thdnh 60 Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - S6 3/2014 Journal of Science and Technology ... la milu ta so dfl thuat toan cho hi thflng xu ly da tac vy iTng dung he da tdc nghiep cho dieu khien mot nut giao thdng danh cho ngirdi di b$ 4.1 Thiet ke phan cung cho thi nghiim So dfl tflng... khien Trin bmh 7, cho thdy kit qua thu nghiim nhung he xii ly da tac vu vao FPGA chay tren phdn cung thiet ke sir dung FPGA, Hinh Md td kit qud thuc hiin hai tdc vu tren kit FPGA Hinh Md hinh... ung dung cflng nghe FPGA cho dieu khien den giao thflng cac thdnh phfl Ion Vile tich hgp he thong da nhiem da tac vy thflng qua xdy dyng thuat toan de dieu khien mflt diem nut giao thflng la mgt