Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 – 376 WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH$JULFXOWXUHIRU/LIH/LIHIRU$JULFXOWXUH *HQHWLF'LIIHUHQWLDWLRQDQG6LPLODULW\'HJUHH4XDQWLILHG E\6WDWLVWLFDO3DUDPHWHUVLQWKH5RPDQLDQ6KHHS%UHHGV *KHRJKH+5,1&Ă Research and Development Station for Sheep and Goat Breeding, Popauti, Rachiti Village, Botosani County, 717310, Romania $EVWUDFW 7KHSDSHUSURSRVHVVRPHSURFHGXUHVIRUTXDQWLI\LQJWKHELRORJLFDOUHODWLRQVDPRQJWKHIRXUPDLQLQGLJHQRXVVKHHSEUHHGW\SHV IURP5RPDQLDQ0HULQR7VLJDL7VXUFDQDDQG.DUDNXOGHSHQGLQJRQWKHLUJHQHWLFHQGRZPHQW7KHLQYHVWLJDWLRQDOVXSSRUWRI WKHVH LQWHUUHODWLRQV ZDV UHSUHVHQWHG E\ WKH DOOHOLF FRQILJXUDWLRQ ZLWKLQ WKH ILYH ELRFKHPLFDOJHQHWLF V\VWHPV KDHPRJORELQ WUDQVIHUULQDOEXPLQDP\ODVHDQGEORRGSRWDVVLXPVL[LPPXQRJHQHWLFV\VWHPV$%&'0DQG52DQGWZRPROHFXODU JHQHWLF V\VWHPV βODFWRJOREXOLQ DQG FDOSDVWDWLQ 7KH PHDVXUDELOLW\ RI WKHVH LQWHUUHODWLRQV LV IHDVLEOH E\ PHDQV RI D PDWKHPDWLFDO FODVVLFDO SDUDPHWHU WKH JHQHWLF GLVWDQFH ' ± ZKLFK HVWLPDWHV WKH JHQHWLF GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ GHJUHH DPRQJ WKH EUHHGVDQGDQLQIRUPDWLRQDOVWDWLVWLFVFRQFHSWWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDOFRUUHODWLRQ&[\ZKLFKUHYHDOVWKHJHQHWLFVLPLODULW\GHJUHH DPRQJWKHVHWD[RQRPLFHQWLWLHVE\FDOFXODWLQJWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDOFRUUHODWLRQFRHIILFLHQW5[\$WWKHVDPHWLPHWKHSDSHUWULHVWR GLVFULPLQDWHZKLFKRIWKHVHWZRVWDWLVWLFDOLQGLFDWRUVLVPRUHHORTXHQWWRFKDUDFWHUL]HWKHELRORJLFDOUHODWLRQVDPRQJWKHVHVKHHS EUHHGV 2Q WKH EDVLV RI YDOXHV RI WKHVH VWDWLVWLFDO SDUDPHWHUV WKH JHQHWLF VLPLODULW\ RU GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ GHJUHH DPRQJ WKH DXWRFKWKRQRXVVKHHSEUHHGVIURP5RPDQLDKDVEHHQLQWHUSUHWHGDOVRE\QXPHULFDOFODVVLILFDWLRQPHWKRGVRIELRORJLFDOV\VWHPV FOXVWHUDQDO\VLV&$PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDOVFDOLQJ0'6DQGGLVFULPLQDWRU\DQDO\VLV'$7KHSDSHUGHVFULEHVWKHXVHIXOQHVVRI WKHVHVWDWLVWLFDOSDUDPHWHUVLQWKHVHOHFWLRQLPSURYHPHQWDQGEUHHGLQJILHOGLQWKHRYLQHVSHFLHV ©7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI$JURQRPLF6FLHQFHVDQG9HWHULQDU\0HGLFLQH%XFKDUHVW Peer-review under responsibility of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest Keywords:5RPDQLDQVKHHSEUHHGVJHQHWLFGLVWDQFHLQIRUPDWLRQDOFRUUHODWLRQ &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO E-mail address:JKULQFD#\DKRRFRP 2210-7843 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest doi:10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.076 Gheoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 – 376 365 ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KH EUHHG DV EDVLF WD[RQRPLF HQWLW\ LQ DQLPDO IDUP EUHHGLQJ LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ D QXPEHU RI KHUHGLWDU\ FKDUDFWHUVWKDWGLVWLQJXLVKLWIURPRWKHUEUHHGV*URVXDQG'UăJă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ă,QWKHILUVWSODFHWKHUHZDVXVHGDOPRVWH[FOXVLYHO\E\PRVWDXWKRUVDPDWKHPDWLFDO VWDWLVWLFV SDUDPHWHU WKH JHQHWLF GLVWDQFH D ZKLFK H[SODLQV WKH JHQHWLF GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ GHJUHH DPRQJ EUHHGV 0DQZHOODQG%DNHU9DOOHMRHWDO1JX\HQ5RGHURHWDO=DQRWL&DVDWLHWDO ,EHDJKD$ZHPX DQG (UKDUGW RZDOVND DQG =DWRĔ'REURZROVND 0RUDGL 6KDKUEDEDN HW DO 2]GHPLUHWDO$NLQ\HPLDQG6DODNR+ULQFDHWDO%XWUHFHQWO\DWUXHUTXDQWLI\LQJLVFRQIHUUHG E\ D FRQFHSW GHULYHG IURP LQIRUPDWLRQDO VWDWLVWLFV ± WKH LQIRUPDWLRQDO FRUUHODWLRQ &[\ H[SUHVVLQJ PDLQO\ WKH JHQHWLFVLPLODULW\RIWKHVHEUHHGV+ULQFă ,Q 5RPDQLD WKH DXWRFKWKRQRXV VKHHS EHORQJ WR IRXU PDLQ EUHHG W\SHV 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DQG DUDNXO (DFKEUHHGKDVDVSHFLILFKHUHGLW\SDWULPRQ\DVDQH[SUHVVLRQERWKRILWVDGDSWDWLRQDWWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOLQZKLFKLW OLYHVDQGRIWKHSHFXOLDULWLHVRIEUHHGLQJWHFKQRORJLHV*URVXDQG'UăJă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βODFWRJOREXOLQDQGFDOSDVWDWLQ 7KH SKHQRW\SHV RI SRO\PRUSK SURWHLQV KDHPRJORELQ WUDQVIHUULQ DOEXPLQ DQG DP\ODVH ZHUH LGHQWLILHG E\ HOHFWURSKRUHVLV PHWKRG XVLQJ WKH VWDUFK JHO DV PLJUDWLQJ VXEVWUDWXP 7KH SRO\PRUSKLVP RI EORRG SRWDVVLXP ZDV KLJKOLJKWHGE\IODPHSKRWRPHWU\+ULQFă 7KHGHWHFWLRQRIEORRGJURXSIDFWRUVZDVSHUIRUPHGE\WKHKHPRO\WLFDVVD\PHWKRG+ULQFă *HQRW\SLQJ RI VKHHS DW βODFWRJOREXOLQ DQG FDOSDVWDWLQ ORFL ZDV GRQH E\ WKH 3&55)/3 PHWKRG HYRUNLDQ /D]ăUHWDO 7KHgenetic distancesDDQGinformational correlationsCx,yDPRQJWKHVHVKHHSEUHHGVZHUHFDOFXODWHGE\WKH 1HLPHWKRG1HLDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\E\WKH2QLFHVFXPHWKRG2QLFHVFXDQGùWHIăQHVFXWKHLQWHQVLW\RI LQIRUPDWLRQDOFRUUHODWLRQZDVH[SUHVVHGE\WKHinformational correlation coefficient (Rx,y) +ULQFă 7KH JUDSKLFDO UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI JHQHWLF YDULDWLRQ GHJUHH RI WKH DXWRFKWKRQRXV VKHHS EUHHGV EHQHILWHG IURP WD[RQRPLF PHWKRGV cluster analysis CA multidimensional scaling MDS DQG discriminatory analysis DA +ULQFă 366 Gheoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 – 376 5HVXOWVDQG'LVFXVVLRQV 7KH PDWUL[ IRU GHILQLQJ WKH JHQHWLF GLVWDQFHV DQG LQIRUPDWLRQDO FRUUHODWLRQV DPRQJ WKH DXWRFKWKRQRXV VKHHS EUHHGVZDVFRQVWUXFWHGRQWKHDOOHOLFIRUPXODRIWKHPHQWLRQHGV\VWHPV,QWKHFDOFXOXVDOJRULWKPWKHUHZHUHXVHG WKHIUHTXHQFLHVRIDOOHOHVDVIROORZV DOOHOHV ZLWKLQ WKH biochemical-genetic systems WZR KDHPRJORELQ DOOHOHV +E$ DQG +E% WZR EORRG SRWDVVLXPDOOHOHV H/DQG.HKQLQHWUDQVIIHULQDOOHOHV7I,7I$7I*7I%7I&7I07I'7I(DQG7I3WZRDOEXPLQ DOOHOHV$OE)DQG$OE6DQGWZRDP\ODVHDOOHOHV$P%DQG$P&)LJXUH DOOHOHSDLUVZLWKLQWKHimmunogenetic systemsWZRDOOHOHV$D$DDQG$DWZRDOOHOHV%E%EDQG%E WZRDOOHOHV%F%FDQG%FWZRDOOHOHV%G%GDQG%GWZRDOOHOHV%I%IDQG%IWZRDOOHOHV%J%JDQG%J WZRDOOHOHV%L%LDQG%LWZRDOOHOHV&D&DDQG&DWZRDOOHOHV&E&EDQG&EWZRDOOHOHV'D'DDQG 'DWZRDOOHOHV0D0DDQG0DWZRDOOHOHV55DQG5DQGWZRDOOHOHV22DQG2)LJXUH IRXU DOOHOHV ZLWKLQ WKH molecular-genetic systems WZR βODFWRJOREXOLQ DOOHOHV /*%$ DQG /*%% DQG WZR FDOSDVWDWLQDOOHOHV&$67$DQG&$67%)LJXUH $OOHOH+E +E$ $OOHOH.V +E% / K 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO $OOHOH$OE 0HULQR $OE) $OE6 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO $OOHOH$P $P% $P& 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO $OOHOH7I 7I, 0HULQR 7I$ 7I* 7I% 7I& 7VLJDL 7I0 7I' 7VXUFDQD 7I( DUDNXO 7I3 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO )LJ$OOHOLFVWUXFWXUHVDWWKHORFLRIKDHPRJORELQ+ESRWDVVLXP HDOEXPLQ$OE DP\ODVH$PDQGWUDQVIHUULQ7IV\VWHPVLQWKH5RPDQLDQVKHHSEUHHGV 367 Gheoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 – 376 %ORRGIDFWRU$D $D $D %E %ORRGIDFWRU%E %E 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO %ORRGIDFWRU%F %F %ORRGIDFWRU%G %F 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD %ORRGIDFWRU%I %I 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD 0HULQR DUDNXO %L 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO &E %ORRGIDFWRU&E 0HULQR &D 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD &D &E DUDNXO 'D %ORRGIDFWRU'D 'D DUDNXO 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD %ORRGIDFWRU&D 0HULQR 7VLJDL %L %J %ORRGIDFWRU%L %J %I 0HULQR DUDNXO %ORRGIDFWRU%J %G %G 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO %ORRGIDFWRU0D 0D %ORRGIDFWRU5 0D 5 5 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD %ORRGIDFWRU2 DUDNXO 2 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 2 )LJ$OOHOLFVWUXFWXUHVDWWKHORFLRIEORRGJURXSV\VWHPV $%&'0'DQG52LQWKH5RPDQLDQVKHHSEUHHGV 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 368 Gheoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 – 376 /JE$ $OOHOH/JE $OOHOH+E /JE% &DVW$ &DVW% 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO )LJ$OOHOLFVWUXFWXUHVDWWKHORFLRIβ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heoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 – 376 2Q WKHEDVLVRIYDOXHVRI WKHVH VWDWLVWLFDO SDUDPHWHUV VRPH VWUXFWXUHV ZLWKUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ LQELGLPHQVLRQDO SODQ FDQ EH REWDLQHG XVLQJ QXPHULFDO FODVVLILFDWLRQ PHWKRGV RI ELRORJLFDO V\VWHPV ZKLFK H[SUHVV PRUH HORTXHQWO\ WKH JHQHWLFGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQDQGVLPLODULW\GHJUHHDPRQJWKHVKHHSEUHHGV hierarchical structure by cluster analysis CA LOOXVWUDWHV WKH ELRORJLFDO V\VWHP VWUXFWXUH V\VWHP HOHPHQWV UHODWLRQVDPRQJWKHP7KLVDQDO\VLVVKRZVWKHZD\LQZKLFKWKHLQGLJHQRXVVKHHSEUHHGVDUHJHQHWLFDOO\GLIIHUHQWLDWHG DPRQJWKHPRUJURXSHGZLWKHDFKRWKHUWKXVUHVXOWLQJDhierarchical tree with distinct branches)LJXUH )LJ+LHUDUFKLFDOVWUXFWXUHE\FOXVWHUDQDO\VLV topological structure by multidimensional scalingMDSVXJJHVWVWKHVSDWLDOFRQILJXUDWLRQRIELRORJLFDOV\VWHP WRSRJUDSKLF DUUDQJHPHQW ZD\ RI LWV HOHPHQWV 7KLV PHWKRG LV XVHIXO WR YLVXDOO\ HYDOXDWH WKH JHQHWLF GLVWDQFHV DPRQJ WKH DXWRFKWKRQRXV VKHHS EUHHGV DV ZHOO DV WKH SRVLWLRQ RI HDFK EUHHG FRPSDUHG WR RWKHU EUHHGV ZLWKLQ WKH RYLQHVSHFLHVIURP5RPDQLD)LJXUH )LJXUH7RSRORJLFDOVWUXFWXUHE\PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDOVFDOLQJ - extracted factor space by discriminatory analysis DA HVWLPDWHV WKH SUREDEOH PHPEHUVKLS RI DQ REMHFW WR D FHUWDLQREMHFWFODVVWD[RQ7KLVDQDO\VLVSUHVHQWVWD[RQRPLFLQWHUHVWWRGHWHUPLQHWRZKLFKEUHHGFHUWDLQLQGLYLGXDOV VKHHSEHORQJKDYLQJUHJDUGWKHLUTXDOLWDWLYHJHQHWLFWUDLWV)LJXUH 6HFRQGO\ WKH LQIRUPDWLRQDO FRUUHODWLRQV DQG JHQHWLF GLVWDQFH DPRQJ WKH DXWRFKWKRQRXV EUHHGV VKRZ VRPH SHFXOLDULWLHVLQUHODWLRQWRWKHVSHFLILFLW\RIWKHWKUHHW\SHVRIJHQHWLFV\VWHPV7DEOH 370 Gheoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 –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heoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 – 376 FRQFHUQLQJ WKH KLHUDUFK\RI UHODWLRQVDPRQJWKHDXWRFKWKRQRXVVKHHSEUHHGV DV LQ WKH FDVH RIELRFKHPLFDOJHQHWLF V\VWHPV EXW WKH JHQHWLF GLVWDQFHV DPRQJ DOO WKH IRXU EUHHGV DUH VPDOO VR WKDW WKH IRXU 5RPDQLDQ VKHHS EUHHGV SUHVHQWKLJKJHQHWLFVLPLODULW\GHJUHHVIURPPROHFXODUJHQHWLFSRLQWRIYLHZ &RQVHTXHQWO\WKHJHQHWLFVLPLODULW\DPRQJWKH5RPDQLDQVKHHSEUHHGVLVODUJHO\JLYHQE\WKHPROHFXODUJHQHWLF V\VWHPVZKLOHWKHELRFKHPLFDOJHQHWLFV\VWHPVGHWHUPLQHLQFUHDVLQJWKHJHQHWLFGLVWDQFHVDPRQJVRPHEUHHGV7KH FRQWULEXWLRQ RI LPPXQRJHQHWLF VWUXFWXUHV WR WKH VLPLODULW\ RU GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ RI WKH DXWRFKWKRQRXV VKHHS EUHHGV UDQJHVEHWZHHQWKHWZRJHQHWLFV\VWHPVUHIHUUHGWRDERYH 7KLUGO\DQDO\VLQJHDFKLQGLYLGXDOO\JHQHWLFV\VWHPWKHGLPHQVLRQVRIWKHWZRVWDWLVWLFDOLQGLFDWRUVGHSHQGRQWKHDOOHOH QXPEHUWKHUDWLRDPRQJWKHPWKHLUVSUHDGLQJZLWKLQWKHV\VWHPVWKHSRO\PRUSKLVPGHJUHHRIV\VWHPVHWF7DEOHV 7KH KLJK LQFLGHQFH RI +E% DOOHOH DQG UHODWLYHO\ ORZ IUHTXHQF\ RI +E$ DOOHOH LQ DOO 5RPDQLDQ VKHHS EUHHGV GHWHUPLQH WKDW WKH JHQHWLF GLVWDQFHV DPRQJ WKHVH EUHHGV WR EH VPDOO HQRXJK ZLWKLQ WKLV V\VWHP $OWKRXJK WKH LQIRUPDWLRQDO FRUUHODWLRQ FRHIILFLHQWV DUH JUHDW HQRXJK DPRQJ WKHVH IRXU EUHHGV WKH 0HULQR VKHHS DUH OLJKWO\ GLIIHUHQWLDWHGRI7VLJDLDQG.DUDNXOEUHHGV7DEOH 7DEOH*HQHWLFGLVWDQFHV'DQGLQIRUPDWLRQDOFRUUHODWLRQV5[\FRHIILFLHQWVDPRQJWKH5RPDQLDQVKHHSEUHHGVFRQFHUQLQJLQGLYLGXDO VWUXFWXUHRIWKHELRFKHPLFDOJHQHWLFV\VWHPV %LRFKHPLFDOJHQHWLF V\VWHPV +DHPRJORELQV\VWHP 6KHHSEUHHG 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 0HULQR 3RWDVVLXPV\VWHP 7UDQVIHUULQV\VWHP $P\ODVHV\VWHP 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 5[\ 5[\ 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 5[\ 0HULQR 7VLJDL 7VXUFDQD DUDNXO 5[\ ' ' 7VLJDL ' 7VLJDL 0HULQR $OEXPLQV\VWHP 5[\ ' ' 372 Gheoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 – 376 7KHPLQHUDOPRQRPRUSKLVPRIWKH0HULQRVKHHSDWWKH.HORFXVIRU./DOOHOHDVZHOODVWKHORZIUHTXHQF\RI.K DOOHOHLQWKH7VLJDLEUHHGOHDGVWRYHU\VWURQJUHODWLRQVDPRQJWKHVHWZREUHHGV2QWKHFRQWUDU\WKHSUHSRQGHUDQFH RI.KDOOHOHLQ.DUDNXOIRUFHVWKLVEUHHGWREHYHU\RXWGLVWDQFHGIURPJHQHWLFSRLQWRIYLHZLQFRPSDULVRQZLWKWKH WKUHHPHQWLRQHGEUHHGVHVSHFLDOO\FRPSDUHGWR0HULQR7DEOH ,Q WKH WUDQVIHUULQ V\VWHP DOO WKH QLQH DOOHOHV DUH SUHVHQW LQ WKH 7VLJDL VKHHS ,Q 0HULQR VKHHS WKH 7I, DOOHOH DEVHQWVDQGLQ7VXUFDQDDQG.DUDNXOEUHHGVWKH7I,DQG7I3DOOHOHVDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\WKH7I,7I*DQG7I3DOOHOHVDUH QRWIRXQG,QWKLVV\VWHPWKHUHLVWKHPRVWKHWHURJHQHRXVDOOHOLFGLVWULEXWLRQ,QWKH0HULQRVKHHSWKH7I$7I0DQG 7I'DOOHOHVSUHYDLOLQ7VLJDLWKH7I$7I%7I0DQG7I'DOOHOHVDUHPRUHIUHTXHQWLQ7VXUFDQDWKH7I$7I%7I&DQG 7I0DOOHOHVKDYHKLJKHULQFLGHQFHVZKLOHLQ.DUDNXORQO\WKHIUHTXHQFLHVRIWKH7I%DQG7I&DOOHOHVDUHUHPDUNDEOH 7KH PRVW ZHOOEDODQFHG GLVWULEXWLRQV DUH LQ WKH 7VLJDL DQG 7VXUFDQD EUHHGV WKH GLIIHUHQFHV DPRQJ WKH DOOHOLF IUHTXHQFLHV EHFRPH PRUH REYLRXV LQ 0HULQR EUHHG DQG LQ DUDNXO VKHHS WKH DOOHOH VSUHDGLQJ LV YHU\ XQXQLIRUP ZLWK YHU\ KLJK IUHTXHQFLHV RI WKH 7I% DQG 7I& DOOHOHV DQG YHU\ ORZ LQFLGHQFHV RI WKH RWKHU DOOHOHV 7KH UHOHYDQW ELRFKHPLFDOJHQHWLF VLPLOLWXGH LQ WUDQVIHUULQ V\VWHP LQ 0HULQR DQG 7VLJDL EUHHGV GHWHUPLQHV WKDW WKH JHQHWLF GLVWDQFHVDPRQJWKHPWREHUHGXFHG7KHVDPHXQVLJQLILFDQWJHQHWLFRXWGLVWDQFLQJLVUHJLVWHUHGEHWZHHQ7VXUFDQD DQG DUDNXO EUHHGV 7KH PRUH XQLIRUP UHSDUWLWLRQ RI WKH 7I DOOHOHV LQ WKH 0HULQR DQG 7VLJDL EUHHGV DQG WKH YHU\ GLVSURSRUWLRQDWH LQFLGHQFHV RI WKHVH DOOHOHV LQ WKH DUDNXO VKHHS GHWHUPLQH YHU\ ZHDN LQIRUPDWLRQDO FRUUHODWLRQ FRHIILFLHQWVEHWZHHQWKHILUVWWZREUHHGVDQGWKH.DUDNXOEUHHG$OWKRXJKWKH.DUDNXODQG7VXUFDQDEUHHGVSUHVHQW DPDUNHGJHQHWLFVLPLODULW\WKH7VXUFDQDDFKLHYHVUHODWLYHO\UHOHYDQWLQIRUPDWLRQDOFRUUHODWLRQVZLWKWKHRWKHUWZR EUHHGVWRRHVSHFLDOO\ZLWK7VLJDL7DEOH ,QWKHDOEXPLQV\VWHPWKHJHQHWLFGLVWDQFHVDPRQJWKHIRXUVKHHSEUHHGVDUHYHU\VPDOODQGXQVLJQLILFDQW7KH 7VXUFDQDDQG.DUDNXOEUHHGVEHLQJPRQRW\SLFDODWWKH$OEORFXVIRU$OE6DOOHOHWKH\SUHVHQWDQDEVROXWHJHQHWLF VLPLODULW\WKHJHQHWLFGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHPEHLQJQXOO,QWKH0HULQRDQG7VLJDLEUHHGVEHVLGHVWKHSUHYDOHQWRI $OE6 DOOHOH WKH $OE) DOOHOH RFFXUV VSRUDGLFDOO\ WRR GHWHUPLQLQJ D PLQRU JHQHWLF GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ DPRQJ WKHVH WZR EUHHGV7DEOH 7KHVDPHVLWXDWLRQLVREVHUYHGLQWKHDP\ODVHV\VWHPWRREXWKHUHEHVLGHVWKH7VXUFDQDDQG.DUDNXOEUHHGV WKH PRQRW\SLVP IURP WKH $P ORFXV IRU $P% DOOHOH LV DOVR PDQLIHVWHG LQ WKH 0HULQR VKHHS DPRQJ WKHVH WKUHH EUHHGVEHLQJQRJHQHWLFGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ,QWKH7VLJDLVKHHSLQZKLFKEHVLGHVWKHYHU\KLJKGLVVHPLQDWLRQRI$P% DOOHOHDOVRWKH$P&DOOHOHDSSHDUVZLWKDORZLQFLGHQFHLWFRPHVRXWDQLQILQLWHVLPDOJHQHWLFGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQRI 7VLJDL VKHHS LQ FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK WKH WKUHH EUHHGV DV VXFK WKH LQIRUPDWLRQDO FRUUHODWLRQ DPRQJ WKHP LV KLJK HQRXJK7DEOH ,QWKHEORRGJURXSV\VWHPVWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHWZRLQIRUPDWLRQDOVWDWLVWLFVSDUDPHWHUVDUHGHSHQGHQWRQWKH UDWLR EHWZHHQ WKH GRPLQDQW DQG UHFHVVLYH DOOHOHV RI HDFK EORRG IDFWRU RQ WKH LPPXQRJHQHWLF HQGRZPHQW ZLWK HU\WKURF\WHIDFWRUVRIDOOEORRGV\VWHPVDQGHVSHFLDOO\RQWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHVHIDFWRUVLQHDFKV\VWHPZLWKLQHDFK EUHHG *HQHUDOO\ WKH 7VXUFDQD EUHHG KDV D ULFKHU LPPXQRJHQHWLF GRZU\ LQ PRVW V\VWHPV WKDQ WKH WKUHH VKHHS EUHHGV 7KHUHIRUH LW GLIIHUV IURP WKH RWKHU WKUHH EUHHGV LQ OHVVHU GHJUHH % ' DQG 52 V\VWHPV RU LQ D JUHDWHU H[WHQWV\VWHP$,QDOOWKHVHIRXUV\VWHPVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWLQIRUPDWLRQDOFRUUHODWLRQFRHIILFLHQWVRFFXUEHWZHHQ WKH 0HULQR DQG 7VLJDL EUHHGV 7KH DUDNXO VKHHS UHFRUGV FRQVLGHUDEOH LPXXQRJHQHWLF VLPLODULW\ GHJUHHV ZLWK DOO EUHHGVHVSHFLDOO\LQWKH52V\VWHP%XWLQWKHV\VWHP$WKHJHQHWLFGLVWDQFHVRIWKH.DUDNXODUHPRUHREYLRXVO\ HVSHFLDOO\ FRPSDUHG WR 7VXUFDQD ,Q WKH V\VWHP & WKH DUDNXO EUHHG LV FRQVWDQWO\ PRUH GLVWDQW IURP LPPXQRJHQHWLFDOO\SRLQWRIYLHZWRWKH0HULQRDQG7VXUFDQDDQGWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ.DUDNXODQG7VLJDLLVD ELW FORVHU $OVR LQ WKLV V\VWHP WKH JHQHWLF GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ 0HULQR DQG 7VLJDL LV VKRUW DQG 7VXUFDQD SUHVHQWV D KLJKHU VLPLODULW\ ZLWK 0HULQR WKDQ ZLWK 7VLJDL ,Q WKH V\VWHP 0 WKHUH LV WKH RQO\ VLWXDWLRQ LQ ZKLFK WKH ORZHVW JHQHWLFVLPLODULW\EHWZHHQ0HULQRDQG7VLJDLRFFXUVWKHJHQHWLFGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWZREUHHGVEHLQJYHU\ELJ7KH EHVWLQIRUPDWLRQDOFRUUHODWLRQRIWKH0HULQRLVDFKLHYHGZLWK.DUDNXO$OVRWKH.DUDNXOLVYHU\FORVHWR7VLJDLEXW PRVWO\WR7VXUFDQD%\FRQWUDVWWKH7VXUFDQDGLIIHUVVLJQLILFDQWO\WR0HULQRDQGDFKLHYHVDYHU\KLJKLQIRUPDWLRQDO FRUUHODWLRQFRHIILFLHQWZLWK7VLJDLVKHHS7DEOH ,Q WKH WZR PROHFXODUJHQHWLF V\VWHPV WKH GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ GHJUHH DPRQJ WKH DXWRFKWKRQRXV EUHHGV LV YHU\ ORZ 7DEOH 7KXV LQ WKH FDOSDVWDWLQ V\VWHP WKH GLIIHUHQFHV DUH LQILQLWHVLPDO VR WKDW WKH LQIRUPDWLRQDO FRUUHODWLRQV DPRQJ DOO EUHHGV DUH YHU\ VWURQJ 2QO\ LQ WKH βODFWRJOREXOLQ V\VWHP VRPH GLIIHUHQFHV DUH DPRQJ WKH YDOXHV RI LQIRUPDWLRQDOFRUUHODWLRQFRHIILFLHQWVEXWWKHVHDUHXQVLJQLILFDQW 373 Gheoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 –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βODFWRJOREXOLQ DQG FDOSDVWDWLQ DQG HSLVWDWLF 52 LQKHULWDQFH LW FRPHVRXWVRPHFOHDUHUGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQVDPRQJWKHVHEUHHGV,QWKHV\VWHPVZLWKFRPSOHWHGRPLQDQFHLQKHULWDQFH $%&'DQG0WKHJHQHWLFGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQLVPRUHREYLRXV,QWKHPRGHUDWHSRO\PRUSKV\VWHPVZLWKFRPSOHWH 374 Gheoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 – 376 GRPLQDQFH LQKHULWDQFH EORRG SRWDVVLXP DQG LQ WKH PRVW SRO\PRUSK V\VWHP WUDQVIHUULQ WKH LQIRUPDWLRQDO FRUUHODWLRQVDPRQJEUHHGVDUHORZHUFRPSDUHGWRWKHRWKHUV\VWHPVWKHJHQHWLFVLPLODULW\DPRQJEUHHGVEHLQJYHU\ HPSKDVL]HG,QWKLVFRQWH[WLQWHUPVRIWKHWUHHW\SHVRIJHQHWLFV\VWHPVWKHGHFUHDVHGSRO\PRUSKLVPRIPROHFXODU JHQHWLFV\VWHPVGHWHUPLQHVDFRQVLGHUDEOHVLPLOLWXGHDPRQJWKHDXWRFKWKRQRXVVKHHSEUHHGVRQWKHFRQWUDU\WKH HPSKDVL]HG SRO\PRUSKLVP RI ELRFKHPLFDOJHQHWLF V\VWHPV FRQWULEXWH WR DQ REYLRXV GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ DPRQJ WKHVH EUHHGV WKH PRGHUDWH SRO\PRUSKLVP RI LPPXQRJHQHWLF V\VWHPV SODFH WKH UHODWLRQV DPRQJ WKH 5RPDQLDQ VKHHS EUHHGVLQDPHGLDQSRVLWLRQEHWZHHQWKHELRFKHPLFDODQGPROHFXODUV\VWHPV 7DEOH*HQHWLFGLVWDQFHV'DQGLQIRUPDWLRQDOFRUUHODWLRQV5[\FRHIILFLHQWVDPRQJWKH5RPDQLDQVKHHSEUHHGVFRQFHUQLQJLQGLYLGXDO VWUXFWXUHRIWKHPROHFXODUJHQHWLFV\VWHPV ,PPXQRJHQHWLF V\VWHPV ȕ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heoghe Hrincă / Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 364 – 376 375 JHQHWLF V\VWHPV ILYH ELRFKHPLFDOJHQHWLF V\VWHPV KDHPRJORELQ EORRG SRWDVVLXP WUDQVIHUULQ DOEXPLQ DQG DP\ODVHVL[LPPXQRJHQHWLFV\VWHPV$%&0'DQG52DQGWZRPROHFXODUJHQHWLFV\VWHPVβODFWRJOREXOLQ DQGFDOSDVWDWLQ 7KHVL]HRIinformational correlation coefficients Rx,yDQGgenetic distance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cluster analysisCAmultidimensional scalingMDSDQGdiscriminatory analysisDA 7KH LQWHQVLW\ RI ELRORJLFDO UHODWLRQV DPRQJ WKH 5RPDQLDQ VKHHS EUHHGV VKRZV WKH FRPPRQ RU GLIIHUHQW SDUWLFXODULWLHVRIWKHHQYLURQPHQWFRQGLWLRQVDQGRIWKHLPSURYHPHQWSURFHVVHVXVHGLQWKHEUHHGLQJWHFKQRORJLHVRI WKHVHEUHHGV 7KH PHDVXUHPHQW RI PDWKHPDWLFDO DQG LQIRUPDWLRQDO VWDWLVWLFV SDUDPHWHUV RQ WKH JHQHWLF EDVHV LV XVHIXO LQ WKH SURFHVVRISUHVHUYDWLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWRIWKHJHQHWLFSDWULPRQ\RIWKHH[LVWLQJEUHHGVEXWDOVRLQWKHSURFHVVRI VHWWLQJ XS RI VRPH QHZ EUHHGV RIIHULQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH FRPSDWLELOLW\ RI WKH FURVVEUHHGLQJ V\VWHPV DPRQJ EUHHGVZKLFKDUHPRUHRUOHVVFORVHRUPRUHGLVWDQWIURPJHQHWLFSRLQWRIYLHZ $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV 7KLVSDSHUZDVDFKLHYHGZLWKLQWKH3URMHFW$'(5ZLWKILQDQFLDOVXSSRUWIURPWKH0LQLVWU\RI$JULFXOWXUH DQG5XUDO'HYHORSPHQWE\6HFWRULDO3ODQ$'(5 5HIHUHQFHV $NLQ\HPL026DODNR$(*HQHWLFUHODWLRQVKLSDPRQJ1LJHULDQLQGLJHQRXVVKHHSSRSXODWLRQVXVLQJEORRGSURWHLQSRO\PRUSKLVP$JU 6FL7HFKQRO± *URVX+'UăJăQHVFX&$PHOLRUDUHDDQLPDOHORU(G&RUDO6DQLYHW%XFXUHúWL +ULQFă * *HRUJHVFX 6( 9LFRYDQ * 1HFKLIRU , *HQHWLF DQG SDWKRORJLFDO DVSHFWV RI SULRQ SURWHLQ 3U3 LQ VKHHS EHORQJLQJ WR %RWRVDQL.DUDNXOEUHHG$JUR/LIH6FLHQWLILF-RXUQDO9ROXPH1XPEHU,661 +ULQFă *K 0RGHUQ PHWKRGRORJ\ IRU TXDQWLI\LQJ WKH ELRGLYHUVLW\ LQ RYLQH VSHFLHV EDVHG RQ JHQHWLF PDUNHUV XVLQJ WKH FRQFHSWV RI LQIRUPDWLRQDOVWDWLVWLFV3URF5RP$FDG6HULHV%± ,EHDJKD$ZHPX (0 (UKDUGW * *HQHWLF YDULDWLRQV EHWZHHQ $IULFDQ DQG *HUPDQ VKHHS EUHHGV DQG GHVFULSWLRQ RI D QHZ YDULDQW RI YLWDPLQ'ELQGLQJSURWHLQ6PDOO5XPLQ5HV± HYRUNLDQ6WHOLDQD(OYLUD0DULD0DUNHULPROHFXODULODRYLQH7H]ăGH'RFWRUDW8QLY%XFXUHúWL KDOGL=5HNLN%+DGGDG%=RXUJXL/6RXLG6%ORRGSURWHLQSRO\PRUSKLVPLQWKUHHVKHHSEUHHGVIURPWKHVRXWKRI7XQLVLD5HV 2SLQ,Q$QLP 9HW6FL RZDOVND0=DWRĔ'REURZROVND0*HQHWLFGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQGLIIHUHQWEUHHGVRIVKHHS-RI$JURELRO /D]DU&ULVWLQD*UDV$O05RWDU0&3LVWRO*LQD&HFLOLD3HOPXV5RGLFD6WHIDQLD*KLĠă(OHQD(YDOXDWLRQRIPHDWTXDOLW\LQ7HOHRUPDQ %ODFN+HDGE\HFRJUDSKLFPHWKRGDQGLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIFDOSDVWDWLQ&$67JHQHSRO\PRUSKLVPFRUUHODWHGZLWKFDUFDVVTXDOLW\6FL3DSHUV $QLP6FL6HULHV 0DQZHOO&%DNHU&0$*HQHWLFGLVWDQFHVEHWZHHQ$XVWUDOLDQ0HULQRDQG3ROO'RUVHWVKHHS*HQHW5HV 0RUDGL6KDKUEDEDN+.KDOWDEDGL)DUDKDQL$+0RUDGL6KDKUEDEDN00HKUDEDQL