Lewis_636-6Front.fm Page i Thursday, October 6, 2005 5:36 AM Cost-Based Oracle Fundamentals ■■■ Jonathan Lewis Lewis_636-6Front.fm Page ii Thursday, October 6, 2005 5:36 AM Cost-Based Oracle Fundamentals Copyright © 2006 by Jonathan Lewis All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher ISBN (pbk): 1-59059-636-6 Printed and bound in the United States of America Trademarked names may appear in this book Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Lead Editor: Tony Davis Technical Reviewers: Christian Antognini, Wolfgang Breitling Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Dan Appleman, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Tony Davis, Jason Gilmore, Jonathan Hassell, Chris Mills, Dominic Shakeshaft, Jim Sumser Production Director and Project Manager: Grace Wong Copy Edit Manager: Nicole LeClerc Senior Copy Editor: Ami Knox Assistant Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Katie Stence Compositor: Susan Glinert Proofreaders: Lori Bring, Kim Burton, Nancy Sixsmith Indexer: Valerie Perry Artist: April Milne Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013 Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax 201-348-4505, e-mail orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit http://www.springeronline.com For information on translations, please contact Apress directly at 2560 Ninth Street, Suite 219, Berkeley, CA 94710 Phone 510-549-5930, fax 510-549-5939, e-mail info@apress.com, or visit http://www.apress.com The information in this book is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor Apress shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this work The source code for this book is available to readers at http://www.apress.com in the Source Code section Lewis_636-6Front.fm Page iii Thursday, October 6, 2005 5:36 AM Contents at a Glance Foreword xiii About the Author xv About the Technical Reviewers xvii Acknowledgments xix Introduction xxi ■CHAPTER What Do You Mean by Cost? ■CHAPTER Tablescans ■CHAPTER Single Table Selectivity 41 ■CHAPTER Simple B-tree Access 61 ■CHAPTER The Clustering Factor 87 ■CHAPTER Selectivity Issues 115 ■CHAPTER Histograms 151 ■CHAPTER Bitmap Indexes 181 ■CHAPTER Query Transformation 207 ■CHAPTER 10 Join Cardinality 265 ■CHAPTER 11 Nested Loops 307 ■CHAPTER 12 Hash Joins 319 ■CHAPTER 13 Sorting and Merge Joins 353 ■CHAPTER 14 The 10053 Trace File 403 ■APPENDIX A Upgrade Headaches 453 ■APPENDIX B Optimizer Parameters 465 ■INDEX 475 iii Lewis_636-6Front.fm Page iv Thursday, October 6, 2005 5:36 AM Lewis_636-6Index.fm Page 507 Wednesday, October 5, 2005 7:07 AM BOB_Forums_7x9.25.qxd 8/18/03 Lewis_636-6Index.fm Page 508 Wednesday, October 5, 2005 7:07 AM forums.apress.com FOR PROFESSIONALS BY PROFESSIONALS™ JOIN THE APRESS FORUMS AND BE PART OF OUR COMMUNITY You’ll find discussions that cover topics of interest to IT professionals, programmers, and enthusiasts just like you If you post a query to one of our forums, you can expect that some of the best minds in the business—especially Apress authors, who all write with The Expert’s Voice™—will chime in to help you Why not aim to become one of our most valuable participants (MVPs) and win cool stuff? 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October 6, 2005 5:36 AM Cost- Based Oracle Fundamentals ■■■ Jonathan Lewis Lewis_636-6Front.fm Page ii Thursday, October 6, 2005 5:36 AM Cost- Based Oracle Fundamentals Copyright © 2006 by Jonathan... Thursday, October 6, 2005 5:36 AM Lewis_636-6Index.fm Page 507 Wednesday, October 5, 2005 7:07 AM BOB_Forums_7x9.25.qxd 8/18/03 Lewis_636-6Index.fm Page 508 Wednesday, October 5, 2005 7:07 AM forums.apress.com... worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 1001 3 Phone 1- 800- SPRINGER, fax 201-348-4505, e-mail orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit http://www.springeronline.com