An investigation into the effect of vocalabury on reading comprehension and suggested solutions to improve vocabulary for the first year english major student at IUH

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

English is undeniably a vital global language, widely recognized and utilized across various fields, making it essential for communication and education worldwide, including in Vietnam Many individuals pursue English language courses to enhance their knowledge, secure stable employment, study abroad, or access scientific resources online However, despite years of study, students often struggle with fluency, particularly in listening and speaking, as their education focuses primarily on reading and writing skills This limited proficiency, especially in vocabulary, contributes to their challenges in effectively using English after graduation, highlighting the need for a more balanced approach to language learning.

Vocabulary is crucial for word recognition and significantly impacts second language acquisition and academic success It has gained increased attention in language teaching curricula, with linguist David Wilkins emphasizing its importance by stating, "without grammar little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed." A limited vocabulary can hinder students' fluency and listening skills, leading to repetitive word usage and difficulties in expression Additionally, vocabulary knowledge is closely linked to reading comprehension, as research shows that a robust vocabulary enhances reading ability Reading is an interactive skill that relies on the reader's background knowledge, and a rich vocabulary facilitates easier comprehension and the ability to predict new words in context This interrelationship between vocabulary and reading supports the idea that an extensive vocabulary not only aids in reading but also promotes further vocabulary development.

Supervisor: Le Pham Thien Thu, M.A 3

This research aims to explore the impact of vocabulary knowledge on reading comprehension and to propose effective strategies for vocabulary enhancement By emphasizing the significance of vocabulary, the study seeks to equip students with valuable techniques to improve both their vocabulary and reading skills.

Aims of the study

This study explores the critical role of vocabulary in second language acquisition, highlighting its significance in enhancing reading skills A robust vocabulary enables learners to comprehend texts more effectively and accelerate their overall language development By emphasizing the importance of vocabulary, this research aims to guide students in prioritizing their learning of lexis, ultimately improving their vocabulary acquisition and language proficiency.

Effective vocabulary learning is essential for enhancing reading comprehension in students This study explores various methods for studying English vocabulary and aims to motivate learners It examines the impact of vocabulary on reading skills and assesses the current reading abilities of students Based on these findings, the research offers practical solutions to help students improve both their vocabulary and reading skills.

The scope of the study

This study examines the crucial role of vocabulary in reading comprehension and its significance in foreign language acquisition It highlights the connection between vocabulary knowledge and reading skills, while also offering practical strategies to improve students' vocabulary.

A study was conducted on first-year students at IUH University to explore effective methods for enhancing English vocabulary acquisition The aim is to support students in improving their lexis and reading skills throughout their four-year academic journey.

The significance of the study

This study emphasizes the crucial role of vocabulary in foreign language learning, particularly in enhancing reading comprehension and its reciprocal influence on vocabulary development It highlights the interconnectedness of vocabulary and reading skills while providing effective methods for studying English vocabulary to improve acquisition.

Methods of study

The main method of the study is carried out to complete this report including:

Researching books, references, and documents highlights the critical role of vocabulary in learning English and enhancing reading skills Analyzing theoretical frameworks from reputable websites and renowned authors underscores the significance of a robust vocabulary for effective comprehension and communication in English language acquisition.

Besides, interviewing and conducting the survey questionnaires on the first year students at IUH university

Moreover, based on my personal experience from my under graduating time in the university.

Research questions

1 How important is vocabulary in learning English?

2 How does vocabulary affect to reading comprehension?

3 What are the methods to improve vocabulary and reading?

The limitations of the study

Although I try my best to conducted the study carefully and reference many different authors, it still has some limitations:

One significant challenge faced by students is the simultaneous demands of completing their Graduation Thesis and Internship report, which limits the time available for focused study Additionally, collecting and analyzing data presents difficulties, as many students tend to answer survey questionnaires carelessly, leading to inaccurate or incomplete information that can skew research results Furthermore, the questionnaires often reflect the writer's perspective rather than encompassing the full range of difficulties encountered by learners, resulting in a misrepresentation of students' true thoughts and experiences.

The process of finding and documenting information can be challenging for writers, despite the abundance of available materials Many sources lack clarity regarding their origins, making it difficult to accurately cite them.

The survey initially included 120 students; however, after reviewing the qualified responses, only 100 students were deemed valid Consequently, the findings are representative of these 100 students and may not accurately reflect the opinions of the entire university population.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Definition

When learning a new language, individuals often focus on speaking, listening, reading, and writing, overlooking the crucial role of vocabulary Vocabulary is essential not only for enhancing these skills but also for accelerating language development According to Nagy (1988), "Vocabulary knowledge is a fundamental part of the process of education," and a "lack of adequate vocabulary knowledge is already an obvious and serious obstacle for many students."

Vocabulary learning is crucial for second-language (L2) acquisition, as highlighted by Knight (1994) and Schmitt (2008), who emphasized its importance in effective communication and comprehension Vocabulary encompasses the words known and used by individuals, groups, or professions, playing a vital role in expressing thoughts and understanding others The Oxford Dictionary defines vocabulary as "all the words in a particular language that a person uses," underlining its significance in language mastery (http://www.sltinfo.com/vocabulary/).

Vocabulary is fundamentally defined as the knowledge of words and their meanings, encompassing not only the understanding of a word's definition but also its appropriate usage in various contexts (Kamil & Hiebert, 2005) This understanding highlights the critical role vocabulary plays in mastering any language, particularly English Bromley (2007) emphasizes that vocabulary significantly contributes to comprehension, fluency, and overall academic achievement (p 528, as cited in Hansen, 2009).

Therefore, vocabulary is very important in learning a new language, it is the key to communicate successfully with people around and it also improves the other skills better

Reading is a crucial skill in language acquisition, as it not only provides relaxation but also facilitates the absorption of information Many people perceive reading as merely engaging with books, news articles, or documents; however, it is an essential practice when embarking on the journey of learning a new language Various definitions of reading exist, with the Cambridge Dictionary emphasizing its significance in understanding and interpreting written content.

Reading is defined as the skill of extracting information from written words and encompasses the way in which we comprehend various texts According to the Collins English Learner's Dictionary, reading is simply the act performed by a person who reads It is widely recognized as a daily activity or habit that allows individuals to acquire information, and it often reflects a person's cultural background.

Reading is defined by various authors and dictionaries, highlighting its multifaceted nature According to Smith (1972), reading is an act of communication that involves the transfer of information from a transmitter to a receiver Additionally, UK Essays describes reading as a process in which the writer interacts with the reader These definitions emphasize the dynamic relationship between the text and its audience, illustrating the importance of reading in effective communication.

In 2005, it was noted that reading is an "interactive" process between a reader and a text, which fosters automaticity or reading fluency The author emphasized that reading is a complex process, highlighting the intricate relationship involved in understanding written material.

The author underscores the dynamic relationship between the reader and writer, emphasizing how a reader's knowledge influences their interpretation of information Additionally, reading is shaped by the reader's purpose and the cultural context of their region.

Rohani Ariffin (1992) defines reading as a deeply personal and primarily solitary activity, emphasizing that it is often conducted silently This definition highlights the connection between reading and the acquisition of information, whether performed silently or aloud.

Reading is a complex process that involves the transfer of information between individuals, highlighting the exchange of ideas between the author and the reader.

Reading comprehension is crucial for effective learning and involves the ability to extract information and understand the content of a text Various authors offer differing perspectives on the concept of reading comprehension, highlighting its significance in the reading process.

Reading comprehension is the process of transforming recognized words into meaningful ideas, as demonstrated by Hoover & Gough (1990) This concept emphasizes that readers can grasp the meaning of words within a text Similarly, Snow (2002) defines reading comprehension as the simultaneous extraction and construction of meaning through interaction with written language, highlighting the importance of engagement with the text to understand the information conveyed by the writer.

Some different definitions of reading comprehension, Kintsch (1998) (as cited in Yee,

Reading comprehension is a complex process that involves the activation of various cognitive skills, as highlighted by Perfetti et al (2005) and cited in Yee (2010) It is not merely a combination of skills; a reader's knowledge and experience play a crucial role in interpreting the author's implications within the text Consequently, the effectiveness of decoding the text depends significantly on the reader's level of understanding.

Yee (2010) suggests that reading comprehension fundamentally involves the mental imagery associated with words, such as the mental picture evoked by the word "cat." This highlights the importance of visualization in understanding text, as readers rely on their imagination to grasp the meaning of words and passages.

Afni (2014) defines reading comprehension as the process of interpreting an author's intended message, highlighting that it involves uncovering the implications within the text While various definitions exist, it is clear that reading comprehension is a multifaceted process that encompasses both understanding and decoding written material Moreover, the depth of comprehension is significantly influenced by the reader's prior knowledge and experiences.

The importance of vocabulary and reading comprehension

2.2.1 The importance of vocabulary in learning the second language

Vocabulary learning is widely regarded as a crucial component of second-language acquisition, with researchers highlighting its significance in mastering a new language (Knight, 1994; Schmitt, 2008) The role of vocabulary is emphasized by various authors, who assert that it greatly influences the overall learning process Kaboody (2007) reinforces this notion by stating that vocabulary is a central aspect of language learning, underscoring its importance as the foundation of effective communication in a second language Ultimately, vocabulary serves as a fundamental building block in constructing meaningful sentences.

Supervisor: Le Pham Thien Thu, M.A 9 is combined with a lot of single vocabulary Therefore, if we do not have the vocabulary, we could not communicate or write a sentence

The significance of vocabulary in the language learning process is widely recognized by educators and reading specialists Farstrup & Samuels (2008) emphasize that expanding vocabulary is essential for mastering a language, as it serves as a foundation for developing other skills Verhoeven & Perfetti (2011) further highlight that vocabulary instruction is crucial for early childhood development and academic success Additionally, a rapidly expanding vocabulary is a key indicator of oral language development in young children, underscoring the necessity of vocabulary growth for all learners, particularly young ones The number of words known directly influences communication abilities and language presentation.

According to Verhoeven & Perfetti (2011), vocabulary growth encompasses both an increase in the number of words and a deeper understanding of their meanings This expanded vocabulary not only enhances fluent communication but also significantly improves public speaking skills Relying on a limited vocabulary can lead to monotonous conversations, while a rich vocabulary keeps the audience engaged and interested throughout the presentation.

Having a large vocabulary is important, but understanding the depth of word knowledge is crucial for language learners According to Akbarian (2010), depth of vocabulary knowledge encompasses various aspects such as pronunciation, spelling, stylistic features, collocational meanings, antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy It is essential not only to know a word but also to understand its meaning and usage in both speaking and writing Edriz (2007) emphasizes that effective vocabulary learning involves grasping the meaning of words and their application in different contexts Therefore, language learners must develop both the breadth and depth of their vocabulary for comprehensive language proficiency.

Supervisor: Le Pham Thien Thu, M.A 10 size of vocabulary is more numerous, the learners are easy to communicate naturally and speak more flexibly

Learning vocabulary is crucial for effective communication, as it forms the foundation for speaking, writing, and listening skills (Edriz, 2007) Nagy (1988) emphasized that enhancing vocabulary knowledge is essential in the educational process, while also highlighting that insufficient vocabulary can significantly hinder students' academic progress (p.2).

Vocabulary plays a vital role in language learning, particularly in mastering a second language To achieve proficiency, it is essential for learners to both develop and expand their vocabulary This involves not only increasing the number of words they know but also deepening their understanding of those words.

2.2.2 The importance of reading comprehension

Although the definition of reading comprehension is quite simple, reading comprehension is one of an important factor in learning the language Amer & Khouzam

In 1993, it was highlighted that reading is the most crucial of the four language skills in both second language (SL) and foreign language (FL) acquisition This is because reading comprehension plays a vital role in understanding and extracting information from texts and literary works.

(2012) (as cited in Reading comprehension, Moore, 2014) assumed that it “enables the reader to create a mental representation of the text” In addition, Woolley (2011) commented that

Reading comprehension involves actively constructing meaning from a text, as highlighted by Durkin (1993) in Moore (2014) This process is fundamental to understanding the nature of reading.

Moreover, Human Resources and Social Development Canada (2003) (as cited in Yee,

Reading is essential for academic success and plays a crucial role in equipping individuals with the necessary skills to thrive as competent adults in modern society This highlights the importance of reading not only for educational achievement but also for effective functioning in everyday life.

Snow (2002) emphasized the crucial importance of research in reading comprehension, highlighting its enduring relevance He noted that the long-term benefits of reading, such as enhanced comprehension, greater knowledge acquisition, and deeper engagement with texts, are highly significant for educators (Snow, 2002, p.xvi).

Reading comprehension is crucial for understanding a text, as it enables readers to grasp the author's intent rather than merely following words This skill is particularly emphasized in foreign language learning, as it allows readers to achieve a holistic understanding of the content, rather than focusing on isolated words or sentences (Woolley, 2011) Additionally, reading comprehension aids learners in expanding their vocabulary during the reading process.

The mutual relationship between vocabulary and reading comprehension

Research indicates that vocabulary and reading comprehension are crucial for mastering a second language A rich vocabulary enhances reading comprehension, leading to a deeper understanding of the language Consequently, many studies have investigated the causal relationship between vocabulary and reading comprehension, highlighting their interconnectedness in language learning (Protopapas et al., 2013).

Kaboody (2007) emphasized the strong link between reading comprehension and vocabulary learning, a perspective echoed by the Educational Research Newsletter and Webinars, which highlighted research showing that vocabulary knowledge significantly impacts reading comprehension This indicates a reciprocal relationship between vocabulary and reading comprehension skills.

Research has consistently shown a strong connection between vocabulary and reading comprehension, as highlighted by Nagy (1988) This relationship not only influences comprehension but also plays a significant role in language development The interplay between vocabulary and reading skills is crucial for effective communication and understanding.

Research has consistently demonstrated a strong link between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension Studies indicate that possessing the necessary vocabulary is crucial for effective text processing, ultimately enhancing comprehension.

2.3.1 Vocabulary is an essential aspect of reading comprehension

Research by Protopapas et al (2013) highlights the critical role of vocabulary in enhancing reading comprehension, particularly among older children The National Reading Panel (2000) also underscores this importance, emphasizing that a robust vocabulary is essential for academic success in reading.

According to Protopapas et al (2013), vocabulary is a crucial element in enhancing reading comprehension, highlighting its indispensable role in the process.

Carter and McCarthy (1988) argue that vocabulary knowledge is a crucial component of reading ability, emphasizing its significant impact on reading comprehension They assert that vocabulary plays a vital role, having the strongest effect on understanding texts Supporting this view, Protopapas et al (2013) highlight that vocabulary has been linked to the ability to comprehend written material since the inception of reading comprehension research, underscoring its importance in grasping the author's message.

Nagy (1988) emphasized that vocabulary knowledge is essential for reading comprehension, stating that "one can't understand the text without knowing what most of the words mean" (p.2) This highlights that a clear understanding of vocabulary is crucial for grasping the meaning of a text Consequently, readers must be familiar with word meanings to effectively comprehend sentences and passages, underscoring the significant role vocabulary plays in enhancing reading skills.

Moreover, some authors Alderson, 2000; Joshi, 2005; Nation, 1990; Read, 1993; Qian,

Vocabulary plays a crucial role in reading comprehension for both first and second languages, as highlighted by Kaboody (2007) Farstrup and Samuels (2008) emphasized that the enhancement and strength of vocabulary are essential for successful reading outcomes This perspective is supported by Sidek and Rahim (2015), underscoring the importance of vocabulary development in achieving reading proficiency.

“vocabulary knowledge is also required for successful reading comprehension” (p.51)

Biemiller (2005) argues that the importance of vocabulary, or "oral language," is frequently overlooked, as it is not seen as essential for reading success in first or second graders The authors suggest that young children may not fully grasp the content they read due to their developmental stage, indicating that vocabulary has a limited impact on their reading comprehension abilities.

In summary, we can see that vocabulary is an extremely important factor with reading comprehension It not only affects reading comprehension but also improve reading skill

Supervisor: Le Pham Thien Thu, M.A 13 better The reader know a lot of vocabulary, reading becomes more easily in learning the language

2.3.2 The impact of reading on vocabulary development

2.3.2.1 Learning new words during reading

Vocabulary plays a crucial role in mastering the English language, making effective vocabulary acquisition essential for language learners Numerous researchers have explored various methods for learning vocabulary, with reading emerging as a particularly effective approach highlighted in many studies.

Reading is crucial for vocabulary acquisition, especially in early education, as highlighted by Glende (2013), who notes that readers begin to build significant vocabulary knowledge in primary grades Engaging with texts exposes readers to new words, providing opportunities to learn and remember them naturally through repeated encounters This process not only enhances vocabulary but also fosters a more organic approach to language learning, making reading an essential tool for everyone.

Kaboody (2007) emphasizes that reading enhances vocabulary acquisition by allowing learners to infer word meanings from context, enabling them to deduce new words while engaging with various texts Furthermore, reading broadens background knowledge through diverse materials such as books, newspapers, and documents This perspective is supported by Verhoeven and Perfetti (2011), who also recognize the importance of reading in vocabulary development.

Reading significantly enhances vocabulary by allowing individuals to learn and refine word meanings through their experiences with texts (Verhoeven & Perfetti, 2011) This process not only enables readers to enjoy their reading but also contributes to the expansion of their vocabulary knowledge Consequently, reading plays a crucial role in vocabulary development and enriches one's background knowledge.

Researchers may have differing opinions on the best methods for learning vocabulary, but they unanimously agree that reading is a highly effective way to enhance vocabulary skills During reading, learners can easily acquire new words, and the variety of vocabulary is vast, as readers can select topics that interest them This choice not only fosters engagement but also makes the learning process more enjoyable Consequently, learning vocabulary through reading proves to be both easier and more effective.

2.3.2.2 Review old vocabulary through reading

The effect of vocabulary on reading ability

2.4.1 Awareness of learners to difficulties in learning the reading skill

First-year English major students often struggle with English skills, particularly reading, due to their inability to adapt to new teaching methods and university environments This challenge is evident among students at IUH, who need to develop new learning strategies to succeed Verhoeven and Perfetti (2011) emphasize that reading comprehension relies heavily on semantic knowledge of vocabulary, which varies among individuals Consequently, many students have previously overlooked vocabulary acquisition, leading to difficulties with academic texts filled with unfamiliar words.

According to Verhoeven and Perfetti (2011), successful reading comprehension relies on the ability to readily identify word forms and easily access word meanings Consequently, vocabulary acquisition is essential for first-year English majors Reading extensively is one of the most effective methods to enhance vocabulary, as it allows students to become proficient readers Furthermore, proficient readers engage with not only their course materials but also additional reference books related to their studies, thereby accelerating their knowledge acquisition.

2.4.2The influence of vocabulary on predicting new words

Joshi and Aaron (2000) emphasize that vocabulary knowledge is a strong predictor of reading ability, particularly when considering reading speed, decoding, and comprehension (Kaboody, 2007, p.5) A robust vocabulary enables readers to infer the meanings of texts more easily Encountering unfamiliar words is inevitable during reading, necessitating the ability to guess their meanings Consequently, developing predictive skills for new words is crucial for effective reading comprehension, and this requires a solid foundation of background knowledge, especially a rich vocabulary.

Qian (2002) highlights the significant role of vocabulary in predicting the meanings of new words, stating that a larger vocabulary equips learners with a broader database for making educated guesses about unknown terms This enriched vocabulary knowledge enhances readers' ability to infer meanings based on context, facilitating comprehension Moreover, research by Bos & Anders (1990) and Yovanoff et al (2005) underscores vocabulary knowledge as a reliable predictor of reading comprehension from fourth to eighth grades, emphasizing its critical importance in the learning process (Moore, 2014).

Research highlights the crucial role of vocabulary in predicting unfamiliar words within a text A robust vocabulary enables readers to leverage context, personal experience, and background knowledge to infer the meanings of new words Additionally, vocabulary significantly influences both the ability to decipher unknown terms and the overall comprehension of the text.

2.4.3 The influence of vocabulary on reading comprehension

Numerous studies over the years have established a strong correlation between vocabulary and reading comprehension, highlighting vocabulary as a crucial factor influencing comprehension skills This connection is supported by extensive research conducted by various authors in the field.

According to Logan (2012), early childhood programs that focus on vocabulary development significantly enhance students' reading comprehension, both in independent reading and when texts are read aloud to them He emphasizes that a robust vocabulary increases the likelihood of achieving higher levels of reading comprehension, as the understanding of a text is closely linked to the number of words a student knows Therefore, fostering a rich vocabulary is essential for improving learners' ability to comprehend written material effectively.

Research by Sidek and Rahim (2015) highlights the crucial role of vocabulary in reading comprehension success, stating that "students need vocabulary to comprehend what they are reading" (p.51) Logan (2012) further supports this by noting that expanding children's vocabulary enhances their understanding of spoken and written language (p.3) Emphasizing early childhood vocabulary instruction is essential, as it positively impacts reading comprehension A rich vocabulary enables students to navigate complex texts more easily, allowing them to infer meanings of unfamiliar words through context and their existing knowledge.

In 2012, it was suggested that an increase in vocabulary enhances student comprehension, which in turn leads to more reading This cycle indicates that as students read more, they acquire additional words, further enriching their vocabulary.

Logan (2012) emphasized that limited vocabulary development poses a significant risk for poor academic performance, particularly affecting children's reading comprehension upon entering school This lack of vocabulary can hinder their ability to keep pace with peers and may lead to disinterest in reading Consequently, enhancing vocabulary is essential for all students to ensure their academic success.

Vocabulary plays a crucial role in enhancing reading comprehension, particularly in early childhood Therefore, fostering vocabulary development during these formative years is one of the most effective strategies to boost reading skills.

2.4.4 The influence of vocabulary on reading speed

Qian (2002) (as cited in Kaboody, 2007) proposed that vocabulary knowledge helps learners to understand the text, which is an important aspect of reading Simply, when readers

A large vocabulary enables readers to deduce the meaning of texts from context and familiar words, enhancing their comprehension This rich vocabulary not only facilitates quicker reading speeds but also improves the effectiveness of skimming and scanning skills As a result, readers can better grasp the implications of the author's message within the text.

Torgesen and Hudson emphasize that slow or inaccurate analytic and knowledge retrieval processes can significantly hinder both the speed and accuracy of text processing This highlights the necessity for readers to possess foundational knowledge and experience to effectively infer unknown words A strong understanding of familiar vocabulary is crucial; without a broad vocabulary, readers may experience decreased reading speed.

Some suggested methods to study vocabulary effectively

2.5.1 Studying English vocabulary through demonstration picture

Vocabulary is crucial for language learning, significantly impacting skills like listening, speaking, reading, and writing Therefore, enhancing vocabulary is essential for mastering a second language Numerous researchers have sought effective and accessible methods for vocabulary acquisition, with various studies highlighting the use of pictures as an effective learning strategy.

Pictures are easier to remember than words due to their vibrant colors and engaging visuals, making them particularly effective for young learners Research by Carpenter and Olson (2011) highlights that images are recalled more effectively than verbal labels, as they can be encoded through both verbal and visual means This dual coding allows learners to retain information about pictures more naturally, leading to longer-lasting memory retention.

Research indicates that images are processed more quickly than text, as noted by Potter and Faulconer (1975) in Carpenter & Olson (2011), who state, "pictures can be categorized faster than words." Additionally, Nelson (1979), also referenced in Carpenter & Olson (2011), supports this notion by highlighting that "pictures have an advantage in memory because they contain a greater variety of unique visual features than do words."

Utilizing pictures in vocabulary learning significantly enhances retention compared to traditional methods like repetitive writing Visual aids allow learners to easily connect and imagine various concepts, making the learning process more engaging Many students find vocabulary acquisition tedious, often struggling to memorize large amounts of words However, learning through images not only makes the experience more enjoyable but also helps information stick in their memory longer due to the distinctive visual features Overall, incorporating images into vocabulary instruction proves to be a more effective and appealing approach for learners.

It can not deny that demonstration pictures are an interesting method of learning vocabulary It brings a lot of benefits such as easy to study, save time and remember longer

2.5.2 Studying English vocabulary through mass media

In today's rapidly evolving mass media landscape, knowledge extends beyond traditional books to encompass various platforms, including newspapers and television This shift makes learning English vocabulary through mass media more accessible and effective than solely relying on textbooks While books provide academic insights, newspapers and television offer a broader, more relatable understanding of language that resonates with everyday experiences.

Newspapers serve as an engaging and accessible resource for English learners, offering diverse topics that expose readers to a wide range of vocabulary across various fields Frequent encounters with both common and unfamiliar words enhance retention and understanding The News in Levels website emphasizes that repeated reading and listening to words fosters comprehension and memory Additionally, Hwang's study reveals that approximately 80% of words in newspaper articles are derived from the most common 2,000 words, with around 10% being proper nouns, making newspapers an effective tool for language acquisition and vocabulary review.

Learning vocabulary through television is an effective method, as many shows are engaging and entertaining This approach allows learners to acquire new words while enjoying the content, making the process more enjoyable and efficient.

Research shows that allowing learners to select their preferred programs or topics enhances their enjoyment and facilitates natural vocabulary retention Yuksel and Tanriverdi (2009) highlight that many educators advocate for the use of captioned television programs, as they provide a rich context for foreign language learning Supporting this, Koolstra and Beentjes (1999) found that students significantly improved their reading vocabulary by watching Dutch subtitled English television programs at home, demonstrating the effectiveness of television in vocabulary acquisition.

In conclusion, students increasingly prefer to learn vocabulary through newspapers and television due to the wide variety of programs and topics available This diverse content allows students to access a wealth of knowledge while providing a convenient method for studying new vocabulary.

2.5.2.2.1 Watching movies with English subtitles

Numerous studies highlight the benefits of learning vocabulary through movies with subtitles Yuksel and Tanriverdi (2009) noted that educators often encourage students to watch films with captions, believing it enhances language proficiency Watching movies with subtitles promotes incidental vocabulary acquisition, as learners engage both visually and audibly, aiding memory retention of words and phrases used by characters This method provides a comfortable and relaxing environment for learners, making it easier to grasp the film's content and expand their vocabulary Additionally, the dialogue in movies typically features simple and relatable language, making it an effective way to learn unfamiliar words Overall, watching movies with subtitles is a simple yet powerful strategy for vocabulary development.

Music is a vital part of life for many people worldwide, providing excitement and meaning through its melodies and harmonies It serves as a powerful motivator, alleviating feelings of tiredness, disappointment, and boredom by touching the hearts and souls of listeners Over the years, music has become increasingly significant, recognized as an essential tool for relaxation and emotional expression.

Music plays a significant role in our lives beyond mere entertainment, influencing emotions such as happiness, anger, and passion Numerous studies have demonstrated its impact on various aspects of life, particularly in education and vocabulary acquisition According to Medina (1990), the amount of vocabulary gained from listening to a song is comparable to that acquired from listening to a story.

Music serves as a powerful tool for language learning, encapsulating culture, vocabulary, and grammar within its rhythmic structure (Abdolmanafi-Rokni & Ataee, 2014) According to Abbott (2002), songs can motivate learners in adult English classrooms, enhancing vocabulary, cultural understanding, and overall enjoyment of language lessons Li and Brand (2009) emphasize that song lyrics often feature repetitive structures and common vocabulary, making them effective for vocabulary acquisition Despite differing views on music's impact on learning, its ability to facilitate natural and rapid vocabulary retention is evident, as melodies and repetitive lyrics aid in memory Abbott's research further supports the notion that music not only enriches vocabulary but also broadens cultural knowledge.

Music serves as a simple and effective tool for studying vocabulary, as it is easily accessible and cost-effective Additionally, it provides entertainment, reduces stress, boosts motivation, and enhances overall energy levels.

2.5.3 Studying English vocabulary through the funny games

A teacher in the English Department of Pedagogical University, Uberman stated that

Experienced writers of textbooks and methodology manuals emphasize that games offer significant educational value beyond mere entertainment Many educators have adopted games as an effective teaching technique in the classroom Research has consistently highlighted the benefits of using games for teaching and learning vocabulary.

METHODOLOGY

Research design

This study employs quantitative research methods to examine the impact of vocabulary on reading comprehension A table containing 15 questionnaires is designed to facilitate a survey among research participants This structured approach enables the collection of numerical data, which is subsequently analyzed using statistical methods to present the survey results effectively.

Participants

This study focuses on first-year English major students from the DHAV12 group, which consists of nearly 220 students divided into four groups They were selected due to the research's aim to explore the impact of vocabulary on reading skills, making them an ideal subject for this investigation Due to time constraints, the study is limited to the DHAV12 cohort at the Faculty of Foreign Languages at the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, rather than encompassing all students Additionally, since DHAV12 is currently enrolled in Reading 1, they are likely to be more aware of the challenges they face in developing their reading skills.

Data collection instruments

Questionnaires are a widely used research method, defined by the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary as “a list of questions that several people are asked to collect information about something.” This approach is favored for its numerous benefits, including simplicity and time efficiency It is particularly effective for large-scale surveys, allowing researchers to gather data from a significant number of participants quickly and cost-effectively As noted by Mcleod (2014), questionnaires can efficiently measure behaviors, attitudes, preferences, opinions, and intentions of large groups, making them a valuable tool in various research contexts.

The study utilizes a questionnaire consisting of 15 carefully designed questions aimed at assessing students' perspectives on vocabulary's significance and its impact on reading The questions are structured to be concise and straightforward, progressing from easy to more challenging This questionnaire incorporates both closed and open-ended questions to effectively gather data and explore students' thoughts and attitudes Closed questions offer multiple-choice answers, while open questions provide an opportunity for more in-depth responses.

Supervisor: Le Pham Thien Thu, M.A 25 getting a more detailed response Finally, questionnaires try to find the difficulty of students when learning reading and give some solutions.

Data collection procedures

In the Literature Review, the writer formulates the questionnaire based on extensive reading and insights from various authors, integrating personal experience and knowledge After careful corrections and adjustments made with the supervisor's guidance, the finalized questionnaire was distributed to participants Prior to distribution, permission was obtained from teachers, specifically Ms Nguyen Thi Thu Hang, Ms Le Thi Thuy, and Ms Nguyen Thi Thanh Xuan, to allow their students to participate The survey targeted 120 students from DHAV12, divided into three groups; however, only 100 students' completed responses were analyzed after filtering the collected data The survey process followed a systematic approach to ensure reliability and accuracy.

The researcher began by outlining the thesis topic and the objectives of the questionnaires, highlighting the crucial role of participant contributions in the thesis's success Subsequently, the researcher distributed the questionnaires to students, providing clear explanations for any difficult or ambiguous questions to ensure that participants could complete them accurately and efficiently.

Fourthly, the researcher collected all questionnaires

Finally, the researcher thanks teacher’s permission and the cooperation of students for their help.

Data analysis procedures

After conducting the survey, the researcher reviewed the responses, eliminating incomplete or unqualified answers The data was then quantified to determine frequency levels and percentages, with all analyses performed using Excel for accuracy and convenience Ultimately, the researcher compared the survey results with initial findings to draw conclusions, presenting the outcomes through diagrams, charts, and tables in the research.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Students’awareness about of learning vocabulary

Understanding students' opinions on vocabulary learning is crucial, as their feelings directly impact their ability to acquire new words This emotional connection plays a vital role in achieving success in any language, particularly in learning English.

Attitudes Number of students Percentage (%)

Table 2: Students’feeling of learning vocabulary

Figure 1: Students’feeling of learning vocabulary

The pie chart illustrates student attitudes toward vocabulary learning, revealing that approximately 40% find it interesting, while 36% consider it very interesting Conversely, 14% of students are indifferent, and a small percentage, only 3%, view it as very boring, with an additional 7% finding it boring.

Statistics reveal that a significant number of learners find enjoyment in acquiring vocabulary, highlighting its crucial role in their education While not all students are represented, the data indicates a strong interest in vocabulary learning, which positively influences their motivation and awareness This enhanced motivation encourages learners to engage more effectively with language studies, particularly in vocabulary acquisition.

Students'awareness of learning vocabulary

Very boring Boring Neutral Interesting Very interesting

The frequency of learning vocabulary

Table 3: The frequency of learning vocabulary

Figure 2: The frequency of learning vocabulary

The chart illustrates the vocabulary learning habits of first-year English major students, revealing that a significant portion of them dedicate minimal time to this essential skill Notably, 42% of participants spend less than an hour per week on vocabulary study Additionally, nearly one-third (30%) invest between 1 to 3 hours weekly, while only 10% allocate 3 to 5 hours, and 12% engage in 5 to 7 hours of vocabulary learning Furthermore, a mere 5% of students commit over 7 hours to this activity, and only 1% do not engage in vocabulary study at all.

The frequency of learning vocabulary

1 – 3 hours From more than 3 – 5 hours From more than 5 – 7 hours

Statistics reveal that students often neglect vocabulary study, leading to low engagement levels Factors contributing to this include boredom, ineffective learning methods, and lack of motivation Nonetheless, dedicating time to vocabulary acquisition is crucial for mastering any language, as highlighted by Nagy (1988).

“Lack of adequate vocabulary knowledge is already an obvious and serious obstacle for many students”.

The role of vocabulary in students’viewpoint

A recent survey highlights the critical role of vocabulary in learning English, with 99% of participants affirming its importance In terms of communication, 94% believe vocabulary is essential, and 77% agree it enables effective communication even with limited grammar knowledge Additionally, 94% of students feel vocabulary accurately expresses their thoughts, while 97% recognize its significance in understanding spoken and written language Only a small fraction, 1% to 6%, disagrees with these statements, underscoring the consensus on vocabulary's vital role in language acquisition and communication.

Vocabulary plays a crucial role in second language acquisition, despite differing opinions among participants Most recognize its importance, as it enhances communication and various other skills The data collected from the questionnaire provides valuable evidence supporting the significance of vocabulary in language learning.

Figure 3: The role of vocabulary in students’viewpoint

Vocabulary affects many skills such as Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing

Table 4: Vocabulary affects many skills

Vocabulary plays an important role in learning the

Vocabulary is the key for the learners to communicate with others

Vocabulary helps you communicate even if you know only a little grammar

Vocabulary gives people the ability to say what he or she means

Vocabulary helps you understand what other people are saying and what you are reading

Figure 4: Vocabulary affects many skills

The table and chart highlight the significant impact of vocabulary on various skills, with 60% of participants strongly agreeing with this perspective, representing over half of the total respondents Additionally, 33% of students expressed their agreement, while only 3% disagreed and 4% strongly disagreed Notably, there were no participants who selected a neutral response.

Vocabulary is crucial as it significantly influences the four fundamental language skills Additionally, students possess a strong awareness of the impact vocabulary has on their learning process, motivating them to enhance their vocabulary The greater their vocabulary knowledge, the more comprehensive their overall understanding becomes.

Students’awareness about the importance of vocabulary on reading comprehension

From this pie chart, there are a lot of different viewpoints about the role of vocabulary in reading comprehension

According to data gathered from questionnaires and represented in a pie chart, nearly half of the students (49%) believe that vocabulary plays a crucial role in reading comprehension, while an additional 30% of participants acknowledge its significance, highlighting the importance of vocabulary in enhancing reading skills.

Disagree Neither disagree or agree

Figure 5: The importance of vocabulary on reading comprehension

A study reveals that 13% of participants view vocabulary as having a minor role in reading comprehension, while a mere 4% believe that vocabulary holds no significance or are neutral on the matter.

From the pie chart, it is easy to recognize that almost students think vocabulary plays an important or very important role in reading comprehension.

Students’opinion about the relationship between vocabulary and reading

The bar chart below gives information about the mutual relationship between vocabulary and reading comprehension

Reading significantly aids learners in revisiting and reinforcing their vocabulary, with 49% of participants strongly agreeing and 45% agreeing that it helps them review old words Additionally, a notable 95% of participants recognize that reading enhances vocabulary, as evidenced by 50% strongly agreeing and 45% agreeing, while only a small fraction, 5%, disagrees with this viewpoint.

Figure 6: The relationship between vocabulary and reading

A survey revealed that 30% of students strongly believe vocabulary impacts text decoding, while 63% agree and 7% disagree Additionally, over half of the participants (58%) acknowledge that vocabulary aids in predicting new words, with 29% strongly agreeing and 11% disagreeing The influence of vocabulary on reading speed is also significant, with 59% agreeing and 29% strongly agreeing Lastly, a majority of participants recognize vocabulary's crucial role in reading comprehension, with 53% strongly agreeing and 43% agreeing, while only 2% disagree.

In short, from the bar chart, we can see that almost participants also recognize vocabulary and reading having a close relationship in spite of still having some contrast opinion

Vocabulary plays an essential part in reading comprehension Knowing a lot of vocabulary helps you read the text more easily

Vocabulary influences on predicting new vocabulary

Vocabulary influences on decoding the text

You can improve vocabulary through reading

Reading helps you review old vocabulary

Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree

The factors affecting ability of reading comprehension

Table 5: The factors affecting ability of reading comprehension

Figure 7: The factors affecting ability of reading comprehension

Reading comprehension is influenced by several factors, with a significant 89% of students citing a lack of vocabulary as the primary obstacle Additionally, 45% of participants attribute their struggles to time pressure, while 38% find the topics challenging Psychological factors account for 20%, and unsuitable strategies contribute to 19% of the difficulties Complex grammar issues affect 16% of readers, and only 1% express alternative opinions.

The factors affecting ability of reading comprehension

Vocabulary poses a significant challenge for students during the reading comprehension process, confirming the writer's assertion It plays a crucial role in reading, as the presence of numerous unfamiliar words can increase the difficulty level of a text.

The vocabulary problem which students encounter when reading a text

Figure 8: The vocabulary problem which students encounter when reading a text

Many readers face significant vocabulary challenges when engaging with texts, particularly with unfamiliar words A survey revealed that 57% of participants struggle with understanding passages due to new vocabulary Additionally, 32% of students reported difficulties in connecting the meanings of individual words within sentences Another common issue is forgetting the meanings of words that they previously learned Furthermore, 47% of participants acknowledged that while they recognize words, they often do not grasp their precise meanings in context, indicating a consensus on these vocabulary-related challenges.

The bar chart illustrates that a significant challenge for students in comprehending passages is the presence of numerous unfamiliar words This widespread issue affects many learners, highlighting the necessity for alternative strategies to overcome this barrier.

I often do not understand reading passages because of a lot of new vocabulary

I can understand the meaning of the words individually but I can not connect them to each other in a sentence

I can recognize some words but I cannot remember their meanings

I know the meaning of the words but I do not know their exact meaning in the context

How students overcome difficulty in reading the text

Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never

No % No % No % No % No %

1 I focus on the meaning of every word to understand the whole text

2 I guess the meaning of new words base on the structure of these words

3 I guess the meaning of new words base on textual situations

4 I use my background knowledge and personal experience to help me understand the text

I understand to help me guess the meaning of the words I don’t understand

6 I use the context clues such as synonyms,

Supervisor: Le Pham Thien Thu, M.A 38 examples, opposites, word from

7 I use the dictionary to look up new words

8 I skip difficult words and sentence in the text

9 I analyze grammatical points and structures

10 I skim the text and find down the topic and the main idea

11 I try to read many times and find out answers

12 I ask my teacher and friends to solve the problem

13 I give up and do other exercises

Table 6: How students overcome difficulty in reading the text

The table presents 14 effective strategies for improving reading comprehension, as suggested by the author While students frequently utilize these methods, their adoption rates vary significantly, ranging from 0% to 53% Notable techniques include concentrating on the meaning of each word to grasp the overall text (41%) and inferring word meanings based on context and structure (51%).

In the process of understanding new vocabulary, various strategies are employed, such as guessing meanings based on textual context (43%) and leveraging background knowledge and personal experience (39%) Utilizing familiar words to infer the meanings of unknown terms is common (49%), alongside using synonyms, examples, and antonyms (42%) Some individuals resort to using dictionaries (35%) or choose to skip challenging words and sentences (53%) Analyzing grammatical structures (52%) and skimming for main ideas (46%) are also effective methods, while repeated reading (36%) and seeking help from teachers and peers (34%) can provide additional support However, some may opt to give up and pursue other exercises (45%) or simply ignore difficult content (43%).

While the number of participants who frequently use this method is relatively low, it proves to be highly beneficial for learners in overcoming challenges Additionally, this strategy enhances comprehension skills and improves the ability to infer meanings of new vocabulary.

4.11 How students predict the meaning of new words correctly

Figure 9: How students predict the meaning of new words correctly

The pie chart illustrates students' ability to accurately predict the meanings of new words while reading Notably, 8% of participants consistently predict new vocabulary correctly, while the largest group frequently guesses the meanings accurately.

How students predict the meaning of new words correctly

57%.Besides, the number of students sometimes predicting correctly is quite high with 32%.Only 3% of participant rarely predicting new words correctly and nobody chooses the answer “never”

Predictive skills play a crucial role in the reading process, as they enhance comprehension by allowing readers to guess or recognize key vocabulary within texts Furthermore, these skills contribute significantly to vocabulary development among learners Statistics indicate that students possess a strong and accurate ability to predict, underscoring the importance of this skill in effective reading.

Reading ability would be improved when the knowledge of words increase

Table 7: Reading ability would be improved through increasing vocabulary

The data reveals that 52% of participants, totaling 52 students, believe that reading skills can be enhanced with an increase in vocabulary knowledge Additionally, 43% of participants, or 43 students, strongly support this view Notably, only 5 students were uncertain about their stance, while no participants disagreed or strongly disagreed with the assertion.

Vocabulary plays a crucial role in reading ability, significantly influencing reading comprehension success, as noted by Sidek and Rahim (2015) This article explores students' perspectives on how enhancing their vocabulary can improve their reading skills.

Figure 10: Reading ability would be improved through increasing vocabulary

Expanding vocabulary significantly enhances reading ability, as evidenced by the results Most participants acknowledged the crucial role of vocabulary in improving reading skills, highlighting the necessity of increasing one's vocabulary for better comprehension and advancement in reading.

The problem which learners encounter in learning vocabulary

Vocabulary plays a crucial role in mastering the English language, and understanding the challenges learners encounter in vocabulary acquisition is essential This article aims to identify the difficulties faced by learners and propose effective strategies to overcome these obstacles.

Figure 11: The problem which learners encounter in learning vocabulary

No, I disagree Neither disagree or agree Yes, I agree

I feel bored when learning vocabulary

I often forget the meaning of the word after studying …

I learn a word many times but I still cannot …

I don’t have motivation to study

I face some difficulties such as: deciding which words …

An investigation revealed that 45% of learners forget the meaning of words after studying, while 27% struggle to remember words despite repeated exposure Additionally, 24% of participants face challenges in deciding which words to learn and how to organize their vocabulary Boredom during vocabulary learning affects 21% of participants, and 9% cite a lack of motivation as a barrier to their studies Lastly, only 2% of respondents mentioned other issues, such as infrequent reviews or recalling words only during tests.

Many learners struggle to remember vocabulary despite repeated study This article explores effective strategies for improving vocabulary retention and enhancing the learning experience.

The method which students often use to improve vocabulary

The writer conducted an investigation into students' awareness of the significance of vocabulary and reading comprehension, as well as the challenges they frequently face This research aims to identify the methods participants utilize to enhance their vocabulary, which is crucial for the overall findings of the study.

No % No % No % No % No %

Table 8: The method which students often using to improve vocabulary

Table 8 illustrates the diverse strategies participants employ to enhance their vocabulary, with effectiveness ranging from 0% to 52% The methods include frequent reading (46%), occasional repetition (45%), contextual learning (43%), and vocabulary trees (37%) Additionally, root words are rarely utilized (32%), while prefixes and suffixes are sometimes used (52%) Other strategies include synonyms and antonyms (44%), consistent use of word lists (40%), and occasional learning through visual dictionaries (42%) and word games (41%) These statistics indicate that students adopt various approaches to vocabulary acquisition, each offering unique advantages.

Some suggested methods to study vocabulary effectively

The writer seeks to identify the most effective methods for enhancing vocabulary for all participants, presenting various strategies for consideration The collected data is illustrated in the chart below, highlighting the effectiveness of each method.

The data reveals that the most popular method for learning English is watching films and television without subtitles, favored by 81% of participants Following closely, 78% enjoy listening to music and reading various English texts, including books, magazines, and essays Additionally, 60% utilize online resources for vocabulary learning While 38% of participants practice new words in conversation, 32% prefer using dictionaries and maintaining vocabulary notebooks Other methods include learning through pictures (28%) and memorization (23%) Notably, only 4% learn exclusively when prompted by a teacher, with 2% expressing alternative learning methods.

Figure 12: The effective ways to study English vocabulary

A recent survey reveals that many students prefer learning English vocabulary through entertaining educational programs, websites, and various media such as music and films These methods not only provide enjoyment but also help alleviate stress from academic and work pressures To study vocabulary effectively, learners should choose their preferred methods and study in a relaxed state, avoiding the overload of memorizing too many words at once, which can lead to forgetfulness.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion

5.1.1 The role of vocabulary in learning the English language

Vocabulary is a crucial element in learning the English language, serving as a fundamental tool for communication and expression It significantly influences essential skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing, as it forms the core of language development Consequently, possessing a broad vocabulary enhances the ease and effectiveness of learning any language.

A literature review and questionnaire results reveal that many students understand the crucial role of vocabulary in learning English, recognizing its impact on other skills and overall communication abilities Expanding vocabulary is essential in mastering any language The survey statistics highlight challenges learners face when reading and the methods they commonly use Consequently, the writer proposes effective strategies to enhance vocabulary acquisition for learners.

5.1.2 The effect of vocabulary on reading comprehension

The literature review highlights the crucial roles of vocabulary and reading comprehension in language study, emphasizing their interdependent relationship A robust vocabulary is essential for enhancing reading skills and comprehension, as it enables students to grasp texts more effectively and accurately Additionally, engaging in reading is an effective method for rapidly expanding vocabulary, further facilitating better understanding of written material.

The questionnaire results provide strong evidence of the reciprocal relationship between vocabulary and reading comprehension Most participants agree that these two elements support and enhance each other in the learning process Numerous studies and statistical data indicate that a strong vocabulary foundation enables learners to read more effectively, improves their ability to infer the meanings of new words, increases reading speed, and aids in text decoding Conversely, reading not only enriches vocabulary but also reinforces prior knowledge Additionally, engaging with various reading materials broadens learners' understanding across diverse fields such as culture, education, and science.

5.1.3 The good method for improving vocabulary

Research indicates that vocabulary development is essential for learners, significantly enhancing their four basic skills and daily communication However, the learning process can be challenging for many A survey revealed that learners face numerous difficulties in reading and acquiring vocabulary, with new words posing a significant barrier to reading comprehension Additionally, participants reported frequently forgetting words after learning them and struggling to connect a word's meaning within the context of a text, even when they recognize it.

The writer explores various strategies to enhance vocabulary learning, revealing through questionnaire data that participants employ methods such as reading, using dictionaries, repetition, and studying root words, synonyms, and antonyms However, these traditional approaches are not deemed the most effective Most participants prefer learning through entertaining and educational programs, including games, music, and mass media, which not only improve vocabulary retention but also provide relaxation and reduce stress, making them popular choices among students today.

Recommendations

The findings from the thesis serve as a valuable resource for educators to identify students' challenges and weaknesses in their learning journey By understanding these difficulties, teachers can implement effective strategies to enhance student learning It is essential for teachers to emphasize the significance of vocabulary and reading comprehension in language acquisition, as well as the impact of vocabulary on reading skills Additionally, incorporating engaging activities into lessons can capture students' interest and foster greater attention during the learning process.

Teachers can encourage students to read English books or newspapers after each lesson and write reports on their readings This practice allows students to naturally acquire vocabulary and enhances their language skills Additionally, by exchanging books with friends, students can access a wider range of materials while saving money This collaborative approach fosters support and mutual assistance among peers.

To enhance vocabulary learning, teachers can supplement traditional coursebooks with English newspapers, encouraging students to identify and explore unfamiliar words Additionally, incorporating engaging vocabulary-related games into lessons can further enrich the learning experience and make it more interactive.

Supervisor: Le Pham Thien Thu, M.A 48 guessing words, crossword puzzles, word search game, word order The funny game helps the student become more excited

Many students struggle with effective study methods, highlighting the need for teachers to offer various reading strategies Educators should guide students on techniques to employ before, during, and after reading, as well as provide tips for enhancing reading comprehension and vocabulary acquisition, such as skimming and scanning Additionally, teachers must demonstrate how to effectively integrate these strategies throughout the reading comprehension process, enabling students to tackle challenging texts with greater ease.

To enhance vocabulary acquisition and reading engagement, teachers should integrate music, films, and games into their lessons, making learning more enjoyable and motivating for students Additionally, regular homework checks and encouragement to read more can further support students' academic growth.

5.2.2 Recommendations for the first year English-major students

Freshmen often face significant challenges when adapting to a new environment, subjects, and learning methods It is crucial for them to establish clear learning goals, particularly for first-year English majors, as these objectives will significantly influence their academic outcomes over the next four years.

To achieve their learning goals, students should create a specific plan, particularly if they are preparing for exams like IELTS Active engagement in diverse study methods is essential, as relying solely on course books is insufficient; students should explore additional reference materials Reading extensively is crucial for enhancing vocabulary and knowledge, as books cover a wide range of subjects and provide rich vocabulary resources Additionally, various websites, such as vocabulary.com and english-online.at, offer excellent opportunities for students to practice their reading skills and expand their vocabulary.

Reading can be manageable with the right strategies and tips to enhance comprehension Given the vast range of topics in reading, students must leverage their background knowledge and experiences to tackle tasks effectively Time management plays a crucial role in the reading process Additionally, a strong vocabulary significantly benefits readers, making it essential for students to continually expand and improve their word knowledge for success in reading.

Attitudes and motivation play crucial roles in language learning, as students must maintain perseverance and passion throughout the process Additionally, exploring various learning methods is essential for discovering the most effective and enjoyable approaches tailored to individual preferences.

To enhance retention of knowledge, students should dedicate time to review previous material and engage in extensive reading to broaden their vocabulary Utilizing mass media, such as English music, films, and programs, along with reading books, novels, and newspapers, serves as an effective study method This approach not only offers convenience but also exposes learners to a diverse range of topics, enriching their vocabulary across various fields.

The writer envisions expanding the thesis in the future, broadening the research scope beyond DHAV12 to encompass all students in the Faculty of Foreign Languages Additionally, the writer aspires to dedicate more time to in-depth research aimed at enhancing reading skills and vocabulary development for students Identifying challenges and effective study methods is also a priority, with the goal of overcoming the current limitations of the thesis to improve its quality in subsequent iterations.

Abdolmanafi-Rokni, S J &Ataee, A J (2014) The Effect of Background Music on Vocabulary Recall and Retention of Children Learning English as A Foreign Language

International Journal of Basic Sciences & Applied Research, Vol 3 (8), 491-495

Afni, N (2014).The Effect of Using Text Mapping Strategy towards Students’ Reading

Comprehension in Narrative Text at the Second Year of MA Darul Ulum Tandun

Alyousef, S H (2005) Teaching reading comprehension to ESL/ EFL learners The Reading

Research by Amer and Khouzam (1993) highlights the significant impact of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' reading styles on their reading comprehension performance Additionally, Bromley (2007) emphasizes nine essential strategies that every educator should be aware of regarding effective vocabulary instruction Together, these studies underscore the importance of understanding diverse reading styles and implementing targeted vocabulary teaching methods to enhance students' literacy skills.

Biemiller, A ( 2005) Vocabulary Development and Instruction: A Prerequisite for School Learning, In Neuman, S and Dickinson, D (Eds) Handbook of Early Literacy Research (Vol 2) New York, NY: Guilford Press

Carter and McCarthy (1988) emphasize the critical role of vocabulary in language teaching, highlighting its significance in effective communication Meanwhile, Carpenter and Olson (2011) explore the impact of visual aids on vocabulary acquisition in foreign language learning, suggesting that the effectiveness of pictures is contingent on learners' perceptions of their usefulness Together, these studies underscore the importance of both vocabulary and learner attitudes in enhancing language education.

Psychology Learning, Memory, and Cognition.American Psychological Association

Essays, UK (November 2013) Definition Of Reading Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/languages/definition-of-reading.php

Edriz (2007) Vocabulary Mastery Retrieved fromhttps://vi.scribd.com/doc/18475644/Vocabulary-Mastery

Farvardin, T M & Koosha, M (2011) Theory and practice in language studies ( Vol 1) Academy Publisher manufactured in Finland, 11, 1575-1580 Retrieved fromhttp://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol01/11/15.pdf

Farstrup, E A & Samuels, J S (2008) WhatResearch Has to Say About Vocabulary Instruction The International Reading Association

Fraser, C A ( 1999) The Role of Consulting a Dictionary in Reading and Vocabulary Learning p.73-89

Gallo-Crail, R.& Zerwekh, R (2002) Language learning and the Intenet: Student strategies in vocabulary acquisition In C A Spreen (Ed.), New technologies and language learning:

Cases in the less commonly taught languages, Technical Report vol 25 pp 55–79

The University of Hawai‘i in Honolulu, HI, highlights the importance of vocabulary and word study in enhancing comprehension for struggling readers In the 2013 paper by L Glende, titled "Vocabulary and Word Study to Increase Comprehension in Content Areas for Struggling Readers," key strategies are discussed to support educational development This research emphasizes effective teaching methods that can improve literacy skills among students facing challenges For further reading, the full paper is accessible at Fisher Digital Publications.

Hansen, M K (2009) Vocabulary instruction, reading comprehension, and student retention: a review of literature, 4

Hamilton, H (2012) The efficacy of dictionary use while reading for learning new words

American Annals of the Deaf, 157(4), xx

Hughes, M J (2007) Teaching language and Literacy, K-6

Retrieved fromhttp://faculty.uoit.ca/hughes/Reading/ReadingProcess.html

Hoover, W A., & Gough, P B (1990) The simple view of reading Reading and Writing: An

Kamil, M., & Hiebert, E (2005) Teaching and learning vocabulary: Perspectives and persistent issues In Hiebert, E H And Kamil, M L (Eds.), Teaching and learning vocabulary: Bringing research to practice (pp 1–23) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum

Retrieved August 18, 2009, from PsycINFO database

Kaboody, A M (2007) Vocabulary Knowledge and Reading Comprehension; A Mutual Relationship Northern Arizona University

Koivuniemi, M (2012) Learning English Vocabulary Using the Internet: A Quantitative Study of a Group of First‐year Upper Secondary Students Department of Language

Kyongho, H and Nation, P (1989) Reducing the Vocabulary Load and Encouraging Vocabulary Learning through Reading Newspaper Reading in a Foreign Language,

Knight, S (1994) Dictionary: The tool of last resort in foreign language reading? A new perspective.The Modern Language Journal, 78, 285-299

Li, X & Brand, M ( 2009) Effectiveness of Music on Vocabulary Acquisition, Language Usage, and Meaning for Mainland Chinese ESL Learners Contributions to Music Education Vol.36(1), 73–84

Logan, L (2012) Early Vocabulary Development and Reading Comprehension University of Central Missouri, 8-28

McLeod, S A (2014) Questionnaires Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/questionnaires.html

Medina, S L (1990) The Effects of Music upon Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition

Moore, L A (2014) A Research Review of Cognitive Skills, Strategies, and Interventions for

Reading Comprehension Retrieved from http://download.learningrx.com/reading- comprehension-research-paper.pdf

Nagy, E W ( 1988) Vocabulary instruction and reading comprehension, Center for the study of reading University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Technical Report, 431, 2

Retrieved from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/17756/ctrstreadtechrepv01988i00 431_opt.pd f?sequence=1

Protopapas et al (2013) examine the significance of vocabulary within the framework of the Simple View of Reading, highlighting its critical role in reading comprehension and literacy development The study emphasizes that a robust vocabulary is essential for overcoming learning difficulties and enhancing reading skills By exploring the interplay between vocabulary knowledge and reading abilities, the authors provide insights into effective strategies for educators to support struggling readers Their findings underscore the necessity of integrating vocabulary instruction into reading curricula to foster better academic outcomes.

Qian, D D (2002) Investigating the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and academic reading performance: An assessment perspective Language Learning52(3),

Schmitt, N., (2008) Review article: Instructed second language vocabulary learning

Snow, C (2002).Reading for Understanding toward an R&D Program in Reading

Comprehension RAND Reading Study Group Arlington, p.11

Sidek, H M.and Rahim, A H ( 2015) The Role of Vocabulary Knowledge in Reading Comprehension: A Cross-Linguistic Study Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences

197 ( 2015 ) 50 – 56, Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-

ND license, Peer-review under responsibility of Academic World Education and Research Center doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.046

Tafani, V (2009).Teaching English Through Mass Media Acta Didatica Napocensia, Vol

Torgesen, J.K & Hudson, R (2006) Reading fluency: critical issues for struggling readers In Samuels, S J And Farstrup, A (Eds.) Reading fluency: The forgotten dimension of reading success Newark, DE: International Reading Association

The Oxford dictionary Retrieved from(http://www.sltinfo.com/vocabulary/)

Tiêu đề	An Investigation Into The Effect Of Vocabulary On Reading Comprehension And Suggested Solutions To Improve Vocabulary For The First Year English-Major Students At IUH
Tác giả	Nguyen Thi Nga
Người hướng dẫn	Le Pham Thien Thu, M.A.
Trường học	Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City
Chuyên ngành	English Major
Thể loại	Graduation Thesis
Năm xuất bản	2017
Thành phố	HCMC

Định dạng
Số trang	69
Dung lượng	1,44 MB