PHAC THAOMOHINHLYTHUYETVE
NHAN CACHVANHOATRITHUC
Le Thj Thanh Huang
Vien
Tdm
l\
hoc.
Viec xac dinh mpt m6 hinh nhan
each
van hoa
ciia
m6t tang ldp xa hpi
nha't dinh cd y nghTa rai ldn. Mpt mat, m6 hinh dd la
sir
phan anh cu thd ehien
lupc phat tndn con ngudi
ciia
dat nudc, do do ed y nghTa dinh hudng hoat dpng
giao due
ciia
xa hpi. Mat khac, dd m6 hinh dd cd thd trd thanh hien thuchoa
trong thuc tien cupc sdng thi m6 hinh phai bam sat thuc tien cupc sdng. Noi
each
khac,
cin
ed nhung dieu
kien
hien thuc dd m6 hinh da
dupe
xac dinh c6
thd phat trien, chang ban, cac co quan, t6 chiie cd trach nhiem can co nhung
chfnh sach
phii
hop. Nhu vay, viec xay dung mohinh nhan
each
van hoa
ciia
mpt
ting
ldp xa hpi vira co y nghTa dinh hudng cho hoat dpng giao
due
vira la
didm tua eho viec didu chinh eac chinh sach
quIn
ly xa hpi.
1.
Mpt sd xuat phat diem trong xay dung mohinhlythuyetnhan
each
vanhoatri thirc
Xudt phdt diem thif nhdt: Ten ggi cua md hinh quy dinh pham vi ngi
dung cua md hinh vd gdc do tiep can nhifng mat cdu thdnh cu
the
Nhiem vu dat ra la xay dung m6 hinhnhan each van hua
ciia
mpt tang
ldp xa hoi. Nhu vay, goc dp tiep can d day la tiep can lien khai niem: Nhan
each
va van hoa. Vi vay, nhung npi dung can dupe chu trpng la nhirng gl thd
hien rd nha't mdi quan he giiia nhan
each
va van hoa. Chung ta deu hidu rang
van boa la m6t khai niem cd npi ham rat rpng. Trong vanhoa co vanhoa vat
thd va vanhoa phi vat thd. Trong
ITnh
vuc vanhoa phi vat thd c6 thd ed nhirng
san
phim ciia
boat dpng nghe thuat dan gian nhu tuong, cheo, cac
Id
hpi, tin
ngudng t6n giao va cd cl nhung net dac trung van boa dan toe thd hien trong
each ling xir, quan he
ciia
con ngudi vdi ngudi khac, vdi xa hpi. tu nhien va
vdi
ban than, nhung
phim
chat tam ly dan lpc Theo chiing toi, khi ban den nhan
each
van boa
cin
chii trpng den nhung dac trung van hoa
iing
xir trong cac mdi
quan he cua con ngudi - nhung gi thd hien sinh dpng nhat mdi quan he giira
nhan
each
va van hoa. Tir gdc dp van boa, chiing ta nghien
ciiu
nhan
each
nhu
nhu'no chii
thd
ciia
cac hoat dpng xa hpi. ton tai trong cac mdi quan he xa hoi
TAP CHI
TAM
LY
HOC
SO
8
(125).
8 - 2009
phuc tap. mang nhung net nhan
each
dac trung van boa dan tpc, cong dong ma
con ngudl ca thd do la thanh
vien.
Tir gdc dp nhan each thi khfa canh vanhoa
phi
vat the. ma cu thd hon la cac khuon mlu hanh
vi iing
xir cua con ngudi.
cong ddng
ngudi
trong cac mdi quan he vdi tu nhien, xa
hpi (vdi
nhiing quy mo
khcic
nhau nhu
gia
dinh, dong hp. lang xa. tpc ngudi, qudc
gia,
nhan loai ) va
vdi ban than - nhung khu6n mlu hanh
vi
ung xir thd hien nhung net tam ly da
trd thanh dac trung vanhoa cho cong dong ngudi la khfa canh van boa thd hien
sinh dpng nhat nhung nhan
each
-
chii
thd
ciia
ndn van boa dd.
Xudt phdt diem thu hai: Chitc ndng, vai trd xd hdi cua nhdm xd hoi
cd nhdn each vdn hod duge nghien
ciiu
Rat khd danh gia nhung net
diic
trung nhan each van hoa
ciia
con ngudi
m6t
each
chung chung. bdi gia tri
ciia
mpt net nhan each nao dd cdn tuy thupe
vao chd no dupe xem xet trong nhung mdi quan he nao. Nhan each thd hien gia
tri xa hpi
ciia
mdi ca nhan, mdi nhdm xa hpi, ma cac gia tri xa
hpi
lai
gin
lien
vdi nhung vai trd xa hpi ma ca nhan, nhdm xa
hpi dim
nhan. Tren thuc te. moi
ca nhan, mdi nhom xa hpi thuc hien nhidu vai khac nhau trong nhung mdi quan
he khac nhau. Vi vay, di cd thd xac dinh va danh gia chinh xac hon nhung dac
didm nhan
each
van hoa
ciia
ca nhan hay nhdm xa hpi nhat dinh, can xuat phat
tir nhirng chiic nang, vai xa hpi
ciia
hp trong mot sd mdi quan he nhat dinh.
Theo chiing
t6i,
mpt
each
chung nhat, cd thd xac dinh hai vai co
bin
sau dly
cua bat
cii
nhdm xa hpi nao trong xa hpi:
- Vai nghd nghiep: Trong xa hpi, bat
eir
mpt ca nhan nao hay nhdm xa
hpi nao ciing se tham gia (true tiep hay gian tiep) vao qua trinh phat tridn
ciia
xa hpi va th6ng qua dd thd hien gia tri xa hpi
ciia
minh blng nhung boat dpng
da dang khac nhau, trong dd boat dpng nghd nghiep/hoat dpng lao dpng la boat
dpng
CO
y nghTa rat quan trpng. Vd co
bin,
m6i ca nhan hay nhdm xa hdi deu
CO
thd dupe quy vao mpt nhdm nghe
nghiep/lao
dpng nao dd trong xa hpi. Noi
each
khac.
tieu
chi nghe nghiep la mpt trong nhung tieu chf co
bin
dd phan
tach cac nhom xa hpi trong mpt cong ddng xa hoi chung. Tir nhiing dac
thii
ngho
nghiep
ciia
minh. nhdm xa hpi nhat dinh se cd dupe vi tri xa hpi nhat
dinh
va phli
dim
nhan nhung chiic nang xa hpi nhat dinh. Nhung didu nay trong
nhung bdi canh lich sir - xa hpi cu thd se quy dinh va ddi hdi con ngudi thuoc
nhdm xa hpi dd phli cd nhirng dac didm nhan
each
van boa
phii
hpp, dap irng
nhirng yeu cau
ciia
xa hpi.
- Vai cong dim: Mdi ca nhan. mdi nhdm xa hpi vdi tu
each
la mpt cau
thanh tao nen mpt xa hpi c6ng dan ddu phli thuc hien vai trd cong dan
ciia
minh.
0
mot
miic
dp nao dd (cd thd la dudi gdc dp phap luat) vai trd nay la nhu
nhau ddi vdi tat ca cac nhdm xa hpi khac nhau. nhung tren thuc tc cung
seed
nhung khac
bicl
(dudi goc dp nhirng doi hdi
ciia
du luan xa hdi. cua nghe
nghiep) do no chiu su chi phdi nhat dinh
ciia
vi trf xa hpi va chuc nang xa hpi
TAP
CHI
TAM
LY
HOC,
.SO
8
(125),
S - 2009
ma con ngudi cd
dupe
tir boat dpng nghd nghiep
ciia
minh.
Vai c6ng dan doi
hoi eon ngudi thupe cac nhdm xa hpi khac nhau
phai
co nhirng dac didm nhan
each vanhoa va khuon mlu hanh
vi iing
xir
phii
hpp vdi giai doan phat tridn eu
the
ciia
xa hpi,
phii
hop vdi he thdng cac ehuln muc hanh vi ma xa hpi do chap
nhan. Trong vai trd nay, nhung net dae trung nhan
each
vanhoa cua con ngudi
cd thd dupe xem xet rd nha't trong cae
mdi
quan he vdi nhung ngudi khac, vdi
dat nudc, dan tpc, nhan loai, gia
dinh,
ddng hp, cong dong va trong quan he vdi
bin
than.
Hai vai
neu
tren (vai lien quan den boat dpng nghd nghiep va vai c6ng
dan) tao
nen
hai mat cua m6 hinh nhan
each
van boa. quy dinh tinh dac
thii ciia
hai mat eau thanh dd. Trong vai c6ng dan thi npi dung
chii
yeu tap trung vao
cac
phim
chat, cac khu6n mlu hanh vi irng xir trong cac mdi quan he
neu
tren.
Trong vai la nhdm xa hpi nghd nghiep thi
viec
nghien
ciiu
kh6ng chi tap trung
vao cac
phim
chat nghd nghiep
ciia
nhan
each,
ma cdn
cin
tim hidu nhung
nang luc nghd nghiep cua hp, xac dinh nhung mat yeu. mat manh
ciia
hp trudc
nhung
yeu
clu
ciia
thuc tidn phat tridn dat nudc.
Xudt phdt diem thif ba: Bdi cdnh phdt trien
Van boa va nhan each
khOng
tTnh tai. ma lu6n van dong. Vi vay,
viec
nghien
ciiu
nhan
each
van boa
ciia
mpt nhom xa hpi nhat dinh kh6ng thd tach
rdi khdi bdi canh phat tridn cu thd
ciia
dat nudc. Bdi
cInh
phat tridn cu thd se
dat ra nhung
yeu
cau ddi vdi moi con ngirdi,
mOi
nhdm xa hpi, bupc ca nhan
hay nhdm phai thay ddi va ren luyen dc cd duoc nhung net nhan
each
van boa
dap ling nhung ddi hdi
ciia
thuc tien phat tridn. Nhirng nhiem vu ma xa hpi dat
ra cho ca nhan, nhdm xa hpi trong m6i giai doan phat tridn lich sir cu thd cung
la
CO
sd dd ngudi nghien
ciiu
cd the xac dinh nhung mat tfch
cue
va nhiing mat
ban che trong nhan
each
van hoa
ciia
m6i ca nhan hay nhdm xa hpi, cung nhu
xac dinh xem trong sd nhii'ng dac trung van boa
ciia
dan tpc thi dau la nhung
dac trung co thd phat huy dd dat nudc, dan tpc tiep tuc phat tridn nhanh trong
bdi dnh mdi, de m6i ca nhan cd the ddng gdp nhidu hon cho ,\a hoi \'a ban
than, dau la nhung didm ban che. can trd su phat tridn. Nhu vay, tir xuat phat
didm bdi canh phat tridn cu the, ngudi nghien
ciiu
co thd phac hoa mpt
each
chi
tie't nhan each van boa
ciia
tang ldp xa hpi duoc nghien
ciiu
trong nhung giai
doan phat tridn cu thd
ciia
lich sir dat nudc.
2.
Phac thao md hinh nhan
each
vanhoatri thirc
i-'
"
Trudc khi di xuat m6 hinh nhan
each
vanhoa trf thuc, chimg toi xin neu
mdt sd y kien trong tiep can nghien
cuii
van de nay.
Nhiing
phim
chat nhan
each
vanhoa cua con ngudi thuc chai la nhirng
aia tri duoc ca nhan tiep thu. linh hpi
hoiic
sang tao ra tren co sd cac gia
tri.
TAP CHI
TAM
LY
HOC,
Sd 8
(125).
8 - 2009
ehuln
muc xa
hoi.
Nhung
viec tiep
thu nhung gia tri,
ehuln
muc xa
h6i
cd
nhieu cap dp khac nhau.
^
Ndi de'n he gia tn, he ehuln muc cua con ngudi la ndi den mpt trat tu
thu bac nhat
dinh
(chins han, theo
tieu
chf
miic
dp: quan trong - kh6ng quan
trong,' mong mudn hay kh6ng mong mudn.
cin
thiet - khong can thiet ) cua
nhung gia tn, nhung
ehuln
muc ung xir ma ca
nhin
hay xa
hoi
da quy gan cho
chung Trong tuong quan
vdi
nhung gia tri, ehuln muc khac trong he thdng. Y
nghTa xa h6i lam cho van dd he gia tn, he ehuln
milc
nhan
each
cua con
nguoi
duoc nhidu nha nghien ciru quan tam la d chd, cac
gia
tri
dupe
de cao trong hp
thdng cd tinh thiic dly hanh vi
ciia
con ngudi, duoc hp
ITnh
hpi,
nhap tam hoa
thanh nhung
phim
chat cua
bin
than, qua dd tao
nen gia
tri xa hdi
ciia
nhan
each ho. Cho den nay, nhidu nha nghien cim da
tim
hidu he gia tri, he chuan
muc nhan each
ciia
con ngudi dupe thd
hien
trong thuc tien cupc sdng va xem
hanh dpng thuc tidn nhu
ehuln
danh gia duy nhat. Day la mot hudng nghien
cim hpp ly, bdi chf nhung gi that
sir thOi
thiic con ngudi hanh dpng thi mdi the
hien
dupe
gia tri
ciia
chiing. Tuy nhien, mot
cau hdi
dat ra, lieu trat tu
thii
bac
ciia
cac gia tn trong he thdng
gia
tri, ehuln
miic
xa hpi cd nhu nhau ddi
vdi
ca
nhan khi xem xet d nhung cap dp khac nhau (chlng han, cap
dp
nhan thirc, cap
dp hanh vi ) hay kh6ng? Neu ed su khac nhau thi
viec tim hidu
he gia tri the
hien d cap dp nhan thirc cd y nghTa hay khong trong mdi quan he vdi van dd
hinh thanh va phat tridn nhan
each
con ngudi theo dinh hudng
phii
hpp vdi
nhii'ng
yeu
clu
ciia
thuc tidn phat tridn dat nudc?
Theo chiing
t6i,
viec nghien
ciiu
qua trinh ca
nhin
npi tam boa he gia
tri.
ehuln muc xa hdi (dd chiing trd thanh nhung
phim
chat nhan each cua ca
nhan)
cin
phli dupe xem xet d nhung cap dp khac nhau. Cd 3 cap dp can quan
tam. Do la cap dp nhan thiic, cap dp mong mudn -
xiic
cam va cudi cimg la cap
dp hanh vi (hanh dpng thuc
tidn)'".
Tren thuc te, hanh dpng thuc tidn nhu la
sii
thd hien khach quan he gia tri
ciia
ea nhan kh6ng phli la
sir phin
anh do'n giln
he gia tri do. Dd hidu
dupe
thir bac cac gia tri trong he gia tri
ciia
ca nhan hay
nhom xa hpi nao do
cin
phai xem xet d nhidu cap dp khac nhau va theo nhidu
gdc dp khac nhau, tfnh den nhung mong mudn
chii
quan
ciia
ca nhan lln nhiing
didu kien khach quan ma ca nhan cd dupe. Ndi
each
khac, mdi tuong quan giira
he gia tri, he ehuln
miic
nhu mpt nhan td npi
lire,
ed tidm nang thiic dly nhan
each
hanh dpng va hanh dpng thuc
tien
cua
nhin
each kh6ng phli la mdi tuong
quan don nhat. Viec quan sat nhung hanh dpng cu thd
ciia
nhan each chua
chae
da cho tha'y mpt each dly
dii
va chinh xac thu bac
ciia
cac gia tri trong he gia
tri
ciia
nhan
each.
Chinh vi vay, viec nghien
cii"u
he gia tri, he chuan muc nhan
each vanhoa con ngudi
cin
dupe xem xet d nhung cap dp bidu hien khac nhau.
Viec xem xet nhu vay rat ed y nghTa ddi vdi viec didu chinh khi
cin
thiet.
Chlng ban, trong trudng hpp khi ddi vdi ea nhan,
thii
bae eac gia tri d tat ca cac
cap dp deu thdng nhat vdi nhau, nhung
theo
chidu hudng tieu cue. khon" thuan
TAP CHI TAM
LY
HOC, Sd 8 (125). 8 - 2009
Ipi
cho
sir
phat tridn
eiia
ca nhan cung nhu
ciia
xa hpi thi cac
gili
phap dieu
chinh phli tap trung tac dpng vao ca ba cap dp, hudng vao viec thay
ddi
nhan
thiic.
khoi
day nhirng xuc elm tfch
cue
va thay ddi cac dieu
kien
khach quan
nham didu chinh hanh vi theo hudng tich
cue.
Tuy nhien, trong trudng hpp co
sir
khong thdng nhat trong bidu hien he gia tri d cac cap do khac nhau, chang
han nhung bidu hien d cap dp nhim thiic va mong mudn ddu
phii
hop vdi cac
chuan danh gia
ciia
xa hpi, nhung d cap dp hanh vi lai cd gi dd kh6ng
phii
hop
thi
nhung giai phap didu chinh
chii
yeu se phai tap trung vao viec thay
ddi
nhirng didu kien sdng khach quan ban la
nhim
vao thay ddi nhan thirc va xiic
elm
ciia
hp.
Viec phan ehia cae cap dp thd hien he gia tri, he chuan
mirc
thd hien cac
phim
cha't
ciia
nhan each chf la tuong ddi.
Sir
chuydn hoa cac gia tri d cap dp
nay sang cap dp khac kh6ng chi chiu
sir
quy dmh cua nhiing nhan td chu quan,
ma trong nhieu trudng hpp, nhung dieu kien khach quan la nhung nhan td cd
tfnh quyet dinh.
Khi noi den cae
phim
chat nhan
each
van hoa
ciia ting
ldp trf thuc Viet
Nam hien nay, theo chiing toi, it nhat ciing phai phan biet hai cap dp. Trudc
he't, dd la nhirng
phim
chat nhan
each
vanhoa ma xa hpi doi hoi nhung ngudi
trf thiic
cin
phai cd dd cd thd thuc hien tdt chirc nang xa hpi
ciia
minh va duoc
ting
ldp trf thirc nhin nhan la nhung gia tri quan trpng (day la nhiing gia tri d
cap dp nhan thirc). Nhiing
phim
chat/gia tri nay dupe rut ra tir nhung nhan dinh
vd vai trd xa hpi
ciia ting \ap
trf thirc (vai trd nghe nghiep va vai trd c6ng dan),
bdi
einh
phat tridn va dinh hudng muc tieu phat trien
ciia
qudc gia trong mpt
khoing thdi gian nha't dinh. Tuy nhien, nhung
phim
chat nhan each van boa
cin
cd ddi vdi trf thirc Viet Nam hien nay
dupe
thd hien trong thuc tidn cupc
sdng nhu the nao?, nhung gia tri,
ehuln
muc dupe nhin nhan la trf thiic can phli
cd da chi phdi hanh dpng thuc tien
ciia
hp den dau? (he gia tri, he
ehuln
muc
nhan each vanhoa d cap dp hanh vi) lai phu thupe vao rat nhidu nhan td khac
nhau, bao gdm ca nhung nhan td
ehii
quan tir phia ngirdi tri thirc va ca nhung
nhan td khach quan lien quan den m6i trudng vanhoa - xa hpi, m6i trudng lam
viec
ciia ting
ldp xa hpi nghd nghiep nay.
Tren co sd hai xuat phat diem dau tien, chimg t6i dc xuat mohinhnhan
each vanhoa trf thuc gdm hai mat co ban:
1)
Nhung
phim
chat hen quan true tiep den boat dpng nghd nghiep
ciia
trf thirc, gdm nhung
phim
chat co ban
lien
quan den nhung khfa canh sau dly:
': :
-
Mdt
sd
phim
chat tu duy (vf du, tu duy sang tao, tu duy phan bien, tu
duy du bao ).
' •'* •
- Mpt sd
phim
chat nhan each khac
cin
thiet cho boat ddng nghd nghiep
eiia
trf thirc (vf du. tinh trung thuc. tfnh dung elm ).
TAP CHI TAM
LY
HOC, Sd 8
(125),
8 - 2009
2) Nhung
phim
chat lien quan den vai trd cdng dan
ciia ting
ldp tri thiic
(vf du, y thirc trach nhiem, xac dinh mdi quan he giua loi ich ca nhan - loi fch
cdng ddng, dat nudc. tinh than dan tpc ).
Sir
phan tach nhung loai
phim
chat
nhin each
van boa cua ngudi trf thiic
nhu vay la cd tfnh tuo'ng ddi. Tren thuc te, nhirng
phim
chat nhan each van boa
neu tren (bao gdm nhung pham chat
cin
thiet cho boat
dpng
nghd nghiep va
nhung
phim
chat dap
iing
vai trd cdng dan) duoc thd hien dan xen vao nhau,
tac dpng lln nhau va bd xung cho nhau giiip ngudi tri thiic thuc hien tdt vai trd
xa hpi
ciia
minh trong su phat tridn chung
ciia
qudc gia va nhan loai.
Nhung dac
thii ciia
boat dpng nghd nghiep ciing vdi chirc nang, vai tro
xa hpi
ciia
trf thiic la co sd cho viec
hinh
thanh va phat trien d trf thiic nhiing
phim
chat nhan each van boa dac trung. Nhidu nha nghien
ciiu
da
neu
ra nhung
phim
chat nay. Cd thd thay nhung
phim
chat sau day la nhung
phim
chat ndi
trpi,
dac trung ma nhung trf thiic chan chfnh thdi dai nao ciing cd:
- Tu duy sang tao. dpc lap. hoai nghi lanh manh, cd
khi
nang
phin
bien,
du bao, hp lu6n dat
lai
van di. khong blng long vdi nhung cai cd
sin,
dupe
coi
la da dn dinh, hp lu6n tu y thiic lai, tu phe binh
bin
than nhd dd giiip xa hpi
tien tdi mot trat tu tdt dep hon (Vu Khieu, Ta Ngpc
Lien
(2006), Huynh
KhIi
Vinh
(2001), Pham Tat Dong (1995), Chu Hao (2008),
Hidcchiro
Nakano
(1996),
Nguyen Ngpc (2008) ). /
" "
- Quan tam den nhung van di xa hpi, dat nudc, luon
gin
ket nhung van
dd nghd nghiep vdi nhirng van dd ldn cua dat nude, dan tdc, nhan loai (Ta Nguc
Lien (2006), Truong Thau (2006), Pham Tat Dong (1995),
Paul
Alexandre
Baran, Nguyen Ngpc (2008) ).
.
, , .
- Trung thuc (Trln Hiru Dung (2008), F.A. Hayek ).
•' -
- Dam me cong viec, cd trach nhiem, dam hy sinh vi nghiep ldn (Ta
Nguc Lien (2006), Trln Hiiu Dung (2008), F.A. Hayek
Nouven
N^oc
(2008) ).
' c ^
- Dung cam, dam baove quan
didm ciia
minh (Pham Tat Dong (1995),
Trln Huu Dung (2008), F.A. Hayek,
Nguyen
Ngpc (2008).' ).
- Tu
chii,
cd y thiic tu do tu tudng (Trln Hiru Dung (2008) ).
- Co dao
diic.
cd
luong
tn, cd tfnh
nhin
bin.
t6n thd ly tudng
Chin
-
Thien - My (Pham Tat Dong (1995), Trln Hiru Dung (2008), F.A. Hayek ).
Nhirng pham chat nhan each van boa
neu
tren la nhirng
phim
chat ma
nguoi tn thirc can phai co di co thd hoan thanh tdt chiic nans va vai trd xa hoi
cua
minh.
Cung chinh tren co sd thuc
bicn
mdt each
nghiem
liic,
cd trach
TAP CHI
TAM
LY
HOC,
Sd 8
(125).
8 - 2009
nhiem cac
chu-e
nang, vai trd xa hpi dd ma nhung ngudi trf thirc ldn, trf thiic
chan chfnh mpi thdi dai cd dupe nhiing
phim
chat dd.
Dang va Nha nude Viet Nam dat muc tieu den nam 2020 nudc ta se trd
thanh mpt nude e6ng nghiep theo hudng hien dai. Qua trinh thuc hien mue tieu
dd lai didn ra trong bdi
cInh
toan clu boa va hpi nhap qudc te ngay cang sau,
rpng, tfnh canh tranh ngay eang gay
git,
trong khi
Viet
Nam hien la mpt nudc
dang phat tridn, cd nhidu ban che' vd nhidu mat so vdi nhidu nudc tren the gidi.
Bdi canh dd dat ra trudc nhung ngudi trf thiic nhung nhiem vu mdi. Neu nhu
ngay xua, trong hoan canh
ciia
minh,
tri thiic tran trd tim dudng
ciiu
nudc, danh
dpc lap, tu do va hanh phiic cho nhan dan thi ngay nay trf thiic phli tran trd vd
nguy CO tut hau dang de nang len dat nudc (Vu Khieu). Di cd thd hoan thanh
dupe nhung nhiem vu ma dat nudc dat ra cho
ting
ldp trf thiic trong bdi canh
phat tridn hien nay, ngudi tri thiic phli nd
lire
hon rat nhidu.
Tir dac
thii
vd boat dpng nghd nghiep va chiic nang, vai trd xa hpi cua
tang ldp tri thiic, tir nhung dac
thii ciia
bdi dnh phat tridn mdi va nhung nhiem
vu ma c6ng cupc phat tridn dat nudc dat ra, cd thd phac thao khai quat nhung
net nhan
each
van boa co
bin
ma trf thiic Viet Nam trong thdi dai hien nay
cin
cd nhu sau:
* Mot
sdphdm
chdt tu duy lien quan den hoat ddng nghe nghiep, ddp
dng nhiing ddi hdi cua bdi cdnh phdt trien
m&i.
Gdm:
- Tu duy dpc lap
- Tu duy sang tao/hoai nghi lanh manh
- Tu duy toan clu
- Tu duy vupt trudc (lien quan den ehiic nang
dir
bao).
* Mot sd phdm chat nhdn cdch vdn hod cdn thiet cho hogt ddng nghe
nghiep
ciia
tri thifc. Gdm:
- Dpng ca thanh dat
- Hiing
thii
nghd
- Dung
dm/phin
bien lanh manh/phe phan lanh manh
- Tinh than hop tac
- Y thiic trach nhiem
- Tinh tu tin
- Tinh trung thuc
- Tinh nang dpng/nhay ben
TAP
CHI
TAM
LY
HOC. Sd 8
(125),
8 - 2009
- Dinh hudng gia tri
cOng
viec (dc gia tri: Thu nhdp. thdng tien. the
hien
cdi tin
itu
do tu tuong. khdng dinh ban thdn trong
xcl
hdi. hitng thu cd
nhdn.
phdt huy ndng
life,
tinh dn dinh
ciia
cdng viec. mao hiem).
* Mdt sd phdm chdt nhdn cdch khdc
5 -
-
Dinh
hudng gia tri cupc sdng (ke't hpp hai boa loi fch ca
nhin.
loi ich
cong ddng. dat nudc. nhan loai ).
- Dinh hudng phat tridn mdi trudng xa boi (dam bao dan chu. c6ng blng
xa hpi. phat trien ben vung ).
- Co y thirc giu gin
bin sic
van boa dan tpc va tie'p thu
c^ic
gia trivan
hoa mdi nham phat trien vanhoa Viet Nam.
Nhung
phim
chat
na\'
cd that su tdn tai d
ting
ldp trf thirc Viet Nam
hien nay hay
khOng
lai phu thuoc rat nhieu kh6ng chi vao ban than trf thirc. ma
vao cl nhung dieu kien sdng
\'a
lam
N
iec
ciia
hp hien nay.
Chu thich
1.
Xem them Le Thanh Huang. "Ddnh gid dinh hudng gid tri cua con ngirdi". Tap chi
Tam
Iv
hoc, sd 7,
2003.
Tai lieu tham khao
1.
Vu Khieu. (2006). Tri
thirc
Viet Nam
then
xua. NXB Thuan Hoa.
'
2.
Tran Dinh Hupu (1996). Den hien dgi tu truyen thdng, NXB Van hoa.
•:.:':
a
TAP CHI TAM
LY
HOC. Sd 8 (125). 8 - 2009