Nghiên cứu chế tạo máy soi trứng đèn led

TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Trirffng The Quang NGHIEN CUtJ CHE TAO MAY SOI T R I T N G DEN LED RESEARCH AND MAKING EGG SCANNER USING LED LIGHT TRUONG THE QUANG^'^ TOM TAT: Khao sdt thuc te tgi 16 cdng ty, trang trgi nudi gia edm tgi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh vd cdc vdng phu can, chpn dugc mdy soi trung mau sic dung den soi ddt 60 W/h, 220 V Thi nghiem md hinh ddng dgng mdy thiit ke vd mdy mau kit hpp v&i phuang phdp phdn tich thie nguyin da thiit ke vd chi tgo thdnh cdng mdy soi trung den led, hien dang sic dung hieu qud tgi Phdng thi nghiem Cdng nghi Sinh hpc Truang Dgi hpc Vdn Lang Den soi cua mdy thiit ke la den led 30 W/h, 220 V cd nhiiu uu diim han so sdnh v&i den soi mdy mdu, cu the nhu quang thdng hoac cudng dp sdng gdp 3,33 Idn hiiu sudt phdt sdng gdp 6,67 Idn tudi tho gdp 41,67 Idn, nhiet dp tda 300C thap hon 0,5 lan nen khdng dnh hu&ng den chdt luang tnmg soi, tieu thu dien ndng it han 0,5 lan vd xdc dinh dugc tudi ngdy ciia cdc logi trung gia cam Tu khoa: mdy soi trieng, den led, ddng dang ABSTRACT: Actual survey of 16 companies, poultry farms in Ho Chi Minh City and surrounding areas, to choose sample egg scanner using incandescent light 60 W/h, 220 V Model experiments on design machine and sample machine has been implemented, combined with dimension analysis method, has been designed and manufactured successfiil egg scanner using led, currently being used effectively in biotechnology laboratories of Van Lang University Led light 30 W/h, 220 V of design machine have more advantages compared to light of model machine, such as luminous flux or light intensity is more than 3.33 times, luminous efficiency is more than 6.67 times Longevity of light is more than 41.67 times, radiation temperature is 300C less than 0.5 times so it does not affect quality of egg during scanning, power consumption is less than 0.5 times and can determine day age of poultry egg types Key words: egg scanning machine, led light, uniform l.DATVANDE: Theo Bdch khoa todn thu v l thdc dn va dinh dudng Hoa Ky: "Trieng gd la ky tich ciia thiin nhien, la mot nhiing thuc phdm hoan thien nhdt md nhdn logi ticng 6/^f(?in" [2] Hai nhd khoa hgc Block va hpc dinh dudng va xip trung dung ddu thang nay, trdng dugc dung lam mdu d l so sdnh cac loai thuc phdm khdc Trung la loai "thuc phdm vdng" cung cdp protein, calo, carbohydrate, chdt beo, omega-3, mudi Mitchell NaCI, 13 loai vitamin, khoang chdt, cdc [9] da xay dung thang hda (.) pg j n r o n g Dai hoc Van Lang Email: truongtheqnang@vanlanguni.edu.vn TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG SS 05/2017^ enzyme va hormone, bdo dam su phdt trien cua CO thi ngudi Theo thing ke cua FAO (The Poultrysite, January 2011) [4], Viet Nam ddng thu 12 d chau A, thu khdi ASEAN va thd 27 tren thi gidi vl san lugng trung sdn xudt Nam 2010, dat sdn lugng la 5,9 ty qud Lugng trdng dugc tieu thu mdi ngudi mgt nam d Viet Nam kha thdp, nam 2010 dat 68,33 qud moi ngudi, tuong duong kg trdng mot ngudi Tuy nhien, lugng tieu thu da tang 18,58 qua so vdi nam 2000 Trong do, mdc tieu fliu trdng nam 2010 d chdu A binh qudn khodng 9,2 kg mdi ngudi tuang ducmg 158 qud Nghien cuu, thiet ke vd che tag may soi trdng den led su dung Phong thi nghiem Cdng nghe Sinh hpc Tru'dng Dai hgc Van Lang 2.2 Noi dung nghien cihi Khao sdt thuc te may soi trung duac sir dung phd bien tai cac cong ty, trang trgi chan nuoi gia edm tai Thdnh H I Chi Minh va vung phu can de chpn may soi trung mau (mdy mdu) Trung gia edm la loai thuc phdm thiet yeu dugc ngudi tieu dung uu tien lua chpn vi gia trj dinh dudng cao, gia ca hgp ly va chdt lugng an toan Mdi ngdy, thj trudng Thanh phi H i Chi Minh tieu thu khodng 3,2 den 3,5 trieu qud trdng, cd 1,4 den 1,6 trieu trung vjt; 1,5 den 1,7 trieu trdng ga vd 0,2 den 0,3 trieu trung cut [1] Thdi gian qua, anh hudng cua djch cum gia cam, trdng nhiem melamine, Sudan, vi sinh vdt khien ngudi tiSu ddng cdng than trpng mua trdng Vi the, viec cung cdp ngudn trdng sach dang trd thdnh yeu cau thiet yeu cua ngudi ti6u dung Viec nghien cuu che tao mdy soi trdng den led la cdn thiet dS xdc dinh tuoi cua trung, phuc vu cho cong tac kiem tra chat lugng san pham trung v6 edm quan, vi sinh vat, phan loai trdng vd dam bdo an toan ve sinh thuc pham Thd nghiSm soi trdng bang mdy thiet kl dl danh gid cdc m^t uu, khuyet diem va bieu qud so vdi may mdu PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU MVC TIEU VA NQI DUNG NGHIEN CUU 2.1 Muc tieu nghien cuu Do dac cdc thdng sd ky thuat cua may mdu va thi nghiem md hinh dong dang tr8n mdy mdu va may soi trdng den led (may thiet ke) nhdm thu thap so lieu, tinh toan cdc thdng sd ky thuat de thiet ke va che tao mdy thilt ke 3.1 Khao sat chpn may mdu Khao sat cac loai mdy soi trung tai m^t sd CO sd chdn nudi gia cam nhu Nong Phat, Trudng Phu, Cat Phu Sa, Thi Ky, Hoang Kim, Thang Long, Thanh Liem tai Thanh phd H i Chi Minh; Thanh Tdn, Tudng Van, True Diln, Kim Long, A Chau, Hai Van t^i tinh Binh Duong; Ding Nai, Hong An, CP tai tinh Ddng Nai; Hgp tdc xa Thuan Phudc tai tinh Long An Phdng vdn nhdn vien soi trdng tai cdc co sd chan nudi gia cam va thao tdc thd nghiem dl chgn mdy mdu co nhiiu uu diim vd phu hgp su dung troi^ phdng thi nghiem cdng nghe sinh hpc 3.2 Thi nghiem mo hinh D I nghien cuu, thilt kl vd chi tao may soi trdng mdi phai xdy dung mo hinh thi nghiem dua tren may hiSn co Vay, gifla mdy thilt k l va mdy mdu phdi co su tuong Tnrong Thg Quang TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HOC V A N LANG Cdc thdng sd ky thuat cua mdy thiet ke dugc tinh todn tu' chuan so dong dang va cac thong so ky thuat da biet cua mdy mdu tuong ung vdi tung tieu chuan tuong tu thi nghiem md hinh 3.4 Danh gid iru, nhup'c diem cua may thiet ke tu hay dong dang vdi Thuyet ddng dang dugc xem la ca sd ly luan due ket, khdi quat hoa sd lieu thuc nghi8m de rut nhung quy luat chung cho cdc hien tugng dong dang vdi Trong trudng hgp nay, giua may thiet ke vd mdy mdu c6 su dong dang vd cd cung gid tri chuan sd ddng dang neu chung thoa man tieu chuan tuong tu hoac ddng dang 3.3 Xu- ly s6 liSu bdng phirong phdp phan tich t h d nguyen Phuong phdp phan tich thu nguyen Id phuong phdp xd ly s l lifu thuc nghiem de thiet lap cdc chuan sd ddng dang (co thu nguyen bang 1) cho mgt qud trinh can nghien edu Co sd cda phuang phap phdn tich thu nguygn la dinh ly n Mgt qud trinh hodn todn dugc md td bdi phuong trinh chudn s l (1), TEI, 7t2, , iCn la cdc chuan so dong dang f(7I,,7E2, ,7Ir,) = Thi nghiem soi trdng tren may thiet ke vd mdy mdu, thu thap thong tin, phdn tich va tong hgp de ddnh gia, so sdnh giua may thilt kl va may mdu, dong thdi rut cac uu, nhuge diem (1) KET QUA VA THAO LU-\N 4.1 Khao sat chpn mdy mau Mdy soi trung tai cac bg gia dinh chdn nuoi gia cam rdt don gian, Id mpt hop g§, h6p kim loai hoac h6p giay, ben lap mgt bdng den compact hoac den sgi dot cong sudt dao ddng td 25 den 60 W, phia tren thCing cd khoet Id dl ddt trung vao soi (Hinh la) m a May soi tning tu che b May soi trirng nu6c ngoai Hinh I MAy soi tning cac lo^i 53 ; May soi trirng n TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Tai cdc trang trai chan nudi gia edm Idn, quy m6 cdng nghiep thudng sd dung nhiing mdy soi trdng dugc nhap tix nude ngoai CO nhung tinh nang vugt tr6i nhu hiSu suit ldm viec cao, cudng dp chi§u sdng cao soi cd the nhin rd cdc phan ben qud trung, khong tda nhiet lam dnh hudng trung, kilu ddng da dang (Hinh lb) May mdu dugc chgn Id may soi trdng den sgi ddt dang dugc sd dung tai trang trai chan nuoi gia cam Thanh Tdn, tinh Binh Duong (Hinh c) vdi cdc thdng so ky thuat dugc neu Bang Mdy mdu dugc chpn vi CO nhiing uu diem vugt trdi hon cdc loai may soi trdng khdc 4.2 Phuong trinh chuan so cua may soi trdng Phuang trinh mo phdng may soi trdng phu thupc vao 17 dai lugng (Bdng 1) cd dang phuong trinh (2) fJ,D,T,P,U,Q,L,B,H,^_ (2) 'l,Y,2,F,?.,E,0,R,T Cd thu nguyen co ban (kg, m, s, do, cd A) Chgn d^i lugng dpc lap thd nguyen (J, D, T, P, U, Q), cdn lai 11 dai lugng phu thudc thd nguyen (L, B, H, Y, Z, F, X, E, ^, R, T) tuong dng vdi 11 chudn sd ddng dang la cdc y6u to cua phuong trinh chuan so (3) L D ' Y D ' I.D.T B D Z D H D F D t = — , n , = —,71, = — , 714 ' ' E.P "7 Tt, = 0(3) " J R.D' -c.? So 05/2017 4.3 Tinh toan thiet ke may soi trdng Aka led De chpn den soi vd thilt kl mdy soi trdng den led phdi biet cac thong sl kj thuat cda den soi va cdc bp phan cua may thiet ke Cdc thdng sd ky thuat cua may thiet ke dugc tinh todn tu chudn sl ding dang va cdc thdng sd ky thuEit da bilt cua mdy mau tuong ung vdi tung tieu chuIn tuong tu thi nghiem md hinh, kit qua tinh todn dugc neu Bdng 4.3.1 Nguyin ty ldm viec cua den led Den led bao gdm hai Idp ban dan loai P va N ghep vao Khoi bdn dan loai P (Anod) chda nhieu Id cd xu huong chuyen dpng khuech tdn sang khoi ban dan loai N (Catod), cdng luc khdi ban ddn loai P lEii nb^n cdc electron td kh6i bdn dan lo^i N chuyen sang Ket qua, hinh d khii P dien tich dm vd khoi N dien tich duong O b6 m?t tiep gidp gida hai khdi bdn dan P va N, cac electron bj cac Id thu hiit va cd xu hudng tiln Iai gdn nhau, ket hgp voi tao thdnh cdc nguyen td trung hoa Qud trinh ndy giai phdng nang lugng dudi dang cdc photon anh sang Budc song ciia dnh sang phdt phg thudc vdo cau true cua cdc phdn td lam chit ban ddn Neu budc song nam vdng anh sdng kha kien tu 390nm din 750nm, mat ngiroi cd the cam nhan dugc mau sac cua anh sang (Hinh 2) TAP CHI KHOA HOC BAI H p C VAN LANG Trinmg Th6 Quang Nguon cap d6ng cho Lod + I loai P W Ban din lo^i N O O O _ - _ n _ » • • • O O O Q_£ • • • •*—• Ifl (n6i trfing) anh sing _^ Hal dign ti> Mi>c dan Mi>c Fermi o o o o o o o~"2f—,1 a Sir chuygn doi ciia electron va 16 qua viing tiip giap P-N b Hinh anh den led Hinh Nguyen ly lam viec ciia den led [lb] 4.3.2 Thi nghiem chgn cong suat den soi, tieu ctr thau kinh hgi t^ Bo tri ngudn sdng bang den led cd cong sudt ti6u thu 10, 30, 50, 70 va 100 W/h dat each tbdu kinh hdi tu mpt khodng bang tieu cu tuong ung voi chieu ddi dng soi de tao chum tia Id song song tdp trung anh sang vao trdng Chpn trung soi thi ngbiSm la cdc loai trdng gia cam Thi nghiem lan lugt vdi loai tbdu kinh hdi tu cd tieu cu 7,5; 11,5; 17,5 cm va cd cung dp Ui diop Trdng dugc dat sau thau kinh hdi tu va tiln hdnh quan sdt vdi khoang each td mdt din trdng la 5cm tuong dng vdi cbilu dai Ing nhin Hieu qud cua viec soi trung dugc danh gid theo dp ro, thang dp ro cd mdc: rd nhat, khd rd, rd vua, it ro, khdng ro Sd dung nhiet ke de nhiet dp tda td den soi Ket qud thi nghiem soi trung chgn cdng sudt den led P = 30 W/h, tieu cu thdu kinh hpi ty bang chilu dai Ing soi F = Z = 11,5 cm dat dugc rd cao nhdt Nhiet toa tu den soi T = 30 C khdng lam dnh hudng den chdt lugng trung Ddi vdi den led cdng suat cao hon 30 W/h, soi trdng tbdy dp ro khdng cao hon so vdi den led 30 W/h, nhi8n nhiet dp tda tu den gia tang td 45''C din 60°C ldm dnh hudng den chat lugng trdng soi 4.3.3 Tinh todn cac kich thwdc hinh hgc cda mdy thiet ke Dua vdo hang sd ddng dang hinh hpc chieu dai dng soi cua may mhi va may thiet kl xz = Z M / Z ^ , va kich thudc binh hgc cua may mdu, tinh toan dugc cdc kich thudc hinh hgc cda mdy thiet ke gdm chieu ddi khdng cd dng nhin L, chieu rdng B, chieu cao H, dudng kinh Id soi D, dudng kinh Id nhin Y, chieu ddi dng soi Z, tieu cu thau kinh hpi tu F Ong nhin co chi6u dai Ln = cm la bd phdn cdi tien cua may thiet ke giup lam tang khd nang quan sdt Ket qud tinh todn dugc neu Bang I TAP CHi KHOA HOC DAI HQC V A N LANG Bang Cac thong s l ky ihuat ciia may soi trimg mlu va thiet ke Lo^i Kich thircrc hinh hgc Thong so (doll vi tinh) May soi triing mSu May soi trieng thiet U X Hang so dong dgngXi= x„« ChiSii dai Ing nhin (cm) m Khong CO L.-5 iOhieu dai may khong co Ing nhin (cm) m L„-30 L = 20 1,50 Chilu rong may (cm) m B„ = 30 B = 20 1,50 ChiSu cao may (cm) m H„ = 30 H.20 1,50 Dirdng kinh 16 soi (cm) m DM - 4,5 D-3,0 1,50 Duong kinh 1§ nhin (cm) m YM = 9,0 Y = 6,0 1,50 Chilu dai ong soi (cm) m ZK,= 17,25 Z-11,50 1,50 TiSu cy thau kinh hoi tu (cm) m F„ - 17,25 F = 11,50 1,50 2,00 Cong suit (Watt/h) kg.m'.s-' P„ = 60 P = 30 Higu dign thi (Volt) lcg.mls-=.A-' U„-220 U-220 1,00 cd J„-45 J-150 0,30 0,30 Cuong dp sang (candela) Den soi Thii" nguygn theo h§ SI Quang thong (lumen) Im „.675 = 2250 DQ tnmg (lumen/cm^) Im.m"^ RM = , R = 318,75 0,13 kg.m^ s'^ QM = Q - 0,684 83,33 Hieu suit (Im/Watt) Im kg"'.m"^s' EM=15 E=100 0,15 Nhiet t6a ("C) lis T„ = 60 T-30 2,00 kg.m.s"^.(lp"' X„ - 146,5 X = 220 0,67 tM=1200 t = 50000 0,024 Nhiet luong toa (Joule/h) Do din nhi?t ciia t§m tan nhi|t (W/m.^C) Tuli tho (h) s Nguon: Truang The Quang va cong su (2016) 4.3.4 Tinh todn cdc thong so ky thuat cua cua den soi may thilt ke J theo c6ng thilc den soi mdy thiet ke (4) Trong thi nghiem md hinh, mdy mlu va mdy thiet ke co cung chudn s l ddng dang Tig, biet cac thdng sd cua den soi may J=^ ^u =^ ^ ^ = 150(cd) 675 ^ ' (4) Vdi dieu kien chudn sd dong dang n mdu JM = 45 cd, OM = 675 Im va mdy thilt khong ddi mdy mdu va mdy thiet ke k l (D = 2250 Im Tinh dugc cudng dp sdng ddng dang, hieu sudt cua den soi mdy mau TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HOC V A N LANG EM = 15 Im/W, cac bang sd ddng dang xp = 2,0 va xj = 0,3 Tinh dugc hieu sudt den soi may thilt kl E theo cdng thdc (5) 15.2,0 0,3 100 (Im/W) (5) May mdu va mdy thilt k l c6 cung chudn sd TIM, cac hang sd ddng dang Xt = 0,024, Xp = 2,0 va nhiet lugng tda cda den soi may mau QM = 57 Joule/h Nhiet lugng tda cda den soi may thiet kl Q dugc tinh theo cdng thuc (6) I Nap may Ong SOI Thiing may Gia dat va xoay trimg Truffng The Quang Q= Q^,.x, ^57.0,024 Xp 2,0 0,684 (Joule/h) (6) Thi nghiem vdi chuan so JTIO cua may mau va may thiet kl nhu nhau, biet cdc hang so d6ng dang XQ ^ 1,5, xj = 0,3 vd dp trung cua den soi may mau RM = 42,5 Im/cm Do trung cua den soi may thiet ke R dugc tinh theo cdng thdc (7) Lo nhin Tim nhom tan nhiet 6ng nhin Co cau xoay trung Hinh Cau t?to may soi tning thiet ke 4.3.5 Tinh todn thiit kit&m tdn nhiet cua den soi mdy thiet ke Thi nghiem mo hinh vdi chudn sd ddng dang nj khdng doi, biet cdc hang so ddng dang XD = 1,50; xp = 2,0; XT ^ 2,0 vd tdm tan nhi6t cda den soi mdy mdu lam bang hgp kim nhdm (duralumin) cd dan nhiet >.M=146,5 W/m.'^C Tinh dugc dp ddn nhiet tdm tdn nhiet cua den led may thiet ke X theo cong thdc (8) X^.Xp.x^^ 146,5.1,5.2,0 1= = 220(W/m.T)(8) 2,0 Dp dan nhiet cda nhom nguyen chdt X =220 W/m.dp, nen chpn vat lieu nhom nguyen chdt Idm tam tan nhiet co kich thudc 16x 16 cm va day 0,8 cm TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HOC V A N LANG a Hinh anh tong the may thiet kg b Can lao ben Irnng m^iy Unci ki; Hinh 4, May soi tning den led (may ibiet ki) 4.4 Ddnh gia uu vd nhuo'c diem may soi cdc thong so l