1 NGHIEN CiAj-TRAOD6l X / V E HIEN T l / a N G PHA HUY VA KIEiVl BEN CHO iVIAY BAY KHONG NGL/O^I LAI UAV DANG CANH BANG DESTROYED PHENOMENON AND ENDURANCE TEST FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE UAV AIRPLANE TYPE TS Tran Dflc Quy, ThS Nhfl Quy Thd Trfldng Dai hpc Cdng nghiep Ha Npi TOM TAT Trong qud trinh bay thii nghiem hay bay that, cd rat nhieu mdu bay UAV [1] bi phd huy, ddc biet la phd huy tren be mat cdnh, gdy thiet hai Idn Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy cdc nguyin nhdn gdy hien tUdng phd huy bien dang mdy bay UAV dUa tren nguyen ly ddn hoi ddng Ngodi ra, bdi bdo cung trinh bdy cdc ket qud dat dUdc tien hdnh kiem ben cho mdu UAV lam bang sdi composite, phdn cdnh dUdcgia cdthem bdi thep cacbon cUdng cting loai trung binh (hdm lUdngcacbon 0.25 - 0.6%) [I] dieu kien thdi tiet thay doi vdi gio cap 2, cap 3, cap vd cap Cdc ket qud tinh todn dUdc md phdng trin Ansys CFX Tfl khda: Mdy hay khdng ngUdi ldi, hien tUdngphd huy, kiem ben, md phdng, ddng hgc ABSTRACT During the flight, many models UAV [1] have been destroyed Especially, many UAV were destroyed on the surface of the wing This paper, based on aerodynamic elastic principles, presents causes of the destroyed phenomenon of UAV's profile Also, the paper presents the results obtained when conducting durable fiber composite UAV model in which the wings are reinforced by hard steel of average carbon intensity (carbon 0:25 - 0.6% )[1] in changing weather conditions with level, level, level and level windy The calculation results are simulated in Ansys CFX Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, destroyed phenomenon, endurance test, simulation, aerodynamic TAP CHi CO KHi V I £ T NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CtfU-TRAODOl GIOI THIEU UAV la mot linh vflc phflc tap, ddi hdi dp chinh xdc vd chi phi cao nhflng cung mang day tinh rui ro Trong qua trmh boat ddng, UAV lam viec mdt mdi trfldng phflc tap vdi cdc tfldng tdc khdc Luc nay, UAV ddng thdi chiu dp lflc tfl cdc tac ddng mdi trfldng vd lflc day cua ddng ca Vdi dp lflc tfl ddng chay cac thdnh phan cua UAV hi bien dang va cd t h i bi phd huy gay thilt hai nang n l Do viec phdn tich cac hien tfldng phd huy vd xdy dflng md hinh kilm ben cho UAV cac dilu kien phflc tap neu trln la rat can thiet Tuy nhien, tiln hanh viec ndy cung gap nhieu khd khan nd rat nhieu bien va dieu kiln bien phflc tap Dfla tren nguyen ly ddn hdi ddng hpc, nhdm tac gia trinh bay cac hien tflpng gay pha huy UAV Sau tiln hanh kilm ben cho UAV sfl dung phfldng phap phan tfl bien cho phan tfl chiu nguy hilm nhat dieu kien gia dinh cd cac thdng sd tfldng flng nhfl mdi trfldng thflc t l d Viet Nam cd tinh tdi sfl thay ddi tdc dp ddng chay va ddng cd Thflc te mdy bay khdng phai la vat cflng tuyet ddi, dfldi tac dung cua ngoai lflc cac phan k i t cau bien dang (udn va xoan cdnh - hmh 1) lam thay ddi tinh ddng hpc cung nhfl han c h i kha nang chiu tai cua kit cau toe dp bay tang, cd xung va cham qua trinh cdnh hoac cd cac ddng nhilu ddng qua trinh bay Cdc hien tfldng dpng hpc xudt hien cd cu bay nang hdn khdng Tdc dp bay cang tang thi cang xuat hien nhieu dang "rung lac" tfl kich (flutter) khac vd van de ddng hpc cang dfldc cdc nha thilt k l va san xuat may bay quan tam Khi trpng Ifldng may bay tang, sai cdnh tdng hoac tdc dp cdnh tang se xuat hien nhu cSu nghien cflu anh hfldng cua cac xung va cham cdnh cung nhfl anh hfldng cua biln dang ddn hdi may bay bay qua ddng nhieu dpng Tdc d? bay gan dat tdi tdc dp am thi lai cang xuat hien nhieu loai "rung lac" cfldng bflc (bafling) dudi may bay ciing xuat hien hien tfldng "rung lac" tfl kich tren may bay HIEN TUONG P H A HUY TREN UAV 2.1 Dan hdi dpng hoc Dan hdi ddng la linh vflc quan trpng nhat nganh khoa hpc hang khdng, nhat la nhu cau tang toe dp bay va tang khdi Iflpng van chuyen cua may bay can dap flng Dan hdi ddng hpc la biln dang cua mdt vat t h i bay hay mdt bd phan nhay cam cua vat t h i bay (vi du nhfl canh may bay) dfldi tac dung cua lflc ddng la loai lflc phan bd va thay doi lien tuc qua trinh bay Canh may bay la bd phan chinh chiu lflc ndng ddng phan bd Idn nhat, Idn hdn tdng trpng Ifldng cua toan bd may bay Hinh Bien dang dan hdi ddng Cung rung ddng, lac chfla dfldc quan tam va nghien cflu day du vl van d l ddng din hdi nen nhieu loai may bay khdng sfl dung dfl(?c Dan hdi ddng nghien cflu cac mdi tfldng tac cac mdi quan he lan gifla ba nhdm li^c: LUc dpng, lflc dan hdi va lflc quan tinh Hinh bieu diln tam giac quan he gifla nhdm lflc n^u tren Nhin vdo tam giac ta cd t h i thay m6i quan he gifla cdc linh vflc nghiin cflu [2]: Khi nghien cflu vl dpng hpc bay ta coi may bay nhfl chat dilm (dl nghien cflu dac tinh bay) va may bay nhfl vat t h i cflng tuyet ddi, cd the chuyin ddng theo cac true va quay quanh cac true (de nghien cflu on djnh vd dilu khiln may bay) A Dao d^ng Ca hoc bay / K., h4i \ Khid^ng Sin hAi dnh Hinh Tam giac ddng dan hdi TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM Sd 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODOl - Lflc ddng & Lflc dan h6i: Khi dpng dan hdi tinh; - Lflc ddng & Lflc dan hdi & Lflc quan tinh: Khi ddng ddn hoi ddng; - Lflc dan hdi & Lflc quan tinh: Dao ddng cau true; - Lflc ddng & Lflc qudn tinh: Cd hpc bay; 2.2 Hien tiiffng pha huy UAV tren cd sd pha huy dan hdi dong tinh phan kit cau thi kit cau hi pha buy • Hien tUdngphdn ting ddng lUc Hien tfldng xuat hien cd tac dung ddng thdi cua lflc len kit cau vd bay qua d6ng nhieu dpng (thfldng tdc dpng xung hay theo chu ki) hoac xung va cham may bay canh Do tac dung nhfl vay ma cd the xuat hien qua tdi qua Idn gdy phd buy kit cau 2.3 Sfl tfldng tac dong va lflc dan hdi t r l n canh may bay Cdc hien tfldng ddn hoi ddng tinh xet din sfl tham gia cua lflc ddng va lflc dan hoL Dac trflng chung cua cac hien tfldng la bien dang udn vd xoan tach biet Trong nhdm cac hien tfldng dan hoi ddng tinh cd hien tfldng ddc trflng sau: • Xodn phd huy cdnh: Do canh khdng du dp cflng nin dfldi tdc dung cua lflc ddng kit cau bi biln dang, biln dang kit cau lam tang gdc tdi canh [ ] Do lflc ddng phu thudc vdo gdc tdi nen gdc tdi tang lam lflc ddng tang theo Cfl nhfl v^y den mpt tdc dp ndo dd gpi Id tdc dp gidi ban cua hien tflpng thi dp b i n , dp cflng cua kit cau khdng cdn kha nang chdng lai hien tflpng xoan canh nfla, luc dd kit cau hi pha hiiy (cd t h i ndi gdc xoan Idn din vd cung) • Hien tUdng tUdng rung lac tukich (flutter): Bdn chat cua hi^n tfldng Id dao dpng dilu hda cua mdt thdnh phan kit cau ndo dd, cd sfl tham gia ddng thdi cua ba lflc (lflc ddn hoi lflc dpng vd lflc quan tinh) Trong dao ddng kit cau xuat hien lflc can dao ddng tfl kich va lflc kich thich dao dpng cua kit cau, tdi tdc dp gidi han, dao dpng kit cau cd bien dp khdng ddi Nlu tdc dp bay Idn hdn tdc dp gidi ban dd, kit cau bi phd buy • Hien tUdng rung lac cUdng biic (bafting): La hi|n tflpng rung lac mpt thdnh phan kit cau ndo dd (thfldng la dudi may bay) Bdn chat cua hien tflpng ndy Id dao dpng cfldng bflc kit cau, xoay cua ddng bi dflt, ddng chdy qua cdc phan kit cau d phan trfldc tac dung Khi xdy cdng hfldng gifla tan sd dao dpng rieng cua Hinh Sd tinh todn ddn hoi dong Sfl tfldng tac gifla dpng va lflc ddn hdi cd t h i cu t h i hda bdng sd hinh Trong dd: • • • • • M va M la momen udn va momen xoan E la mddun dan hdi G la m6dun dan hdi trflpt I la momen quan tinh ddi vdi true x J la qudn tinh ddc cflc Khi mdy bay d dfldi mat dat, cdnh may bay chiu tac ddng cua trpng lflc cua cdnh may bay Tdi trpng ndi chung la nhd nen khong gay biln dang cdnh TAP CHi C O KHi VI$T NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUTU-TRAO 961 Khi may bay cat cdnh, tfldng tdc gifla khdng va may bay tao n I n lflc ddng vdi thdnh phan lflc ndng Idn De ndng dfldc may bay len, lflc nang ma canh tao phai Idn hdn tdng trpng lflc cua toan may bay Lflc nang thay ddi theo van toe vd gdc tdi qua trinh bay [1] Tinh toan lflc ddng nay, ta phdi giai he phfldng trinh vi phdn chuyin dpng cua chat Idng Phan tinh toan dfldc gidi ban d tinh todn dan hdi tinh, tflc la bien dang dan hdi cua canh dfldi tac dung cua lflc ddng vdi cac kit qua ve chuyen vi udn, chuyen vi xoan va cac flng suat tfldng flng T i N H T O A N KIEM BEN CHO M A Y BAY CHIU BIEN DANG U O N THEO PHU'ONG PHAP PHAN Ttf HtrU HAN (PP PTHH) tinh toan k i l m b i n Bdng Hai loai sdi composit bien DibinkeaCvimgaaneni (MPajn: (ypa) IHlitO GiAn nirnhlfi l i iqicm^immUm'Cl' -M 3dng Thdng sd ky thudt vdt lieu khung UAV Mac ihep Iso hi?ii) Naa Vi?i Nam CTO tT3l iCTI CT33 CT34 CT2 cr3 CT38 cr4 CT42 CT5 CT5! CT6 CT61 GiJihanbencJb.N/mm' Dp giSn dai ttnmg doi 5, K >3I0 320 - 430 340 - 440 380-490 430 - 540 500-640 600 20 31 29 23 21 17 12 ' + Cac thdng sd chi tilt v l thilt ke man UAV dflpc trinh bay bdi bdo [1] Trong qud trinh hoat ddng, UAV chiu tac ddng chinh tfl cac ddng chay qua va lflc day cua dpng ca Khi dd mui va canh UAV la phan chiu dp lflc chinh cua ddng chay canh la ndi chiu tac ddng Idn nhat Nhdm tac gia kilm ben tren canh may bay dieu kien gia dinh cd cac thdng sd tfldng flng nhfl mdi trfldng thflc te va cho toe dp ddng chay va ddng cd thay doi tfl dd lam cd sd kiem ben cho ca may bay Di tinh todn va kilm b i n cho canh may bay ta xem canh may bay la dang tam va vd chiu lflc [4] Trong gidi ban bdi bao nay, xet canh chiu biln dang udn va sfl dung phfldng phdp phan tfl bien [4] d l kiem tra phan tfl chiu nguy hilm nhat tren cdnh UAV Hinh 4: Md hinh UAV thUc te 3.1 D i l u k i l n kiem nghiim b i n • Kilm ben cho md hinh UAV cd cac thdng so ky thuat nhfl sau: + UAV dfldc 1dm bang sdi composit (E glass fiber) vi cd dp ben keo, cfldng dp nen kha cao va CO gia thdnh re Phan canh dflpc gia c6 them bang mdt cacbon cfldng cflng cflng loai trung binh (ham Ifldng cacbon 0.25 - 0.6%) Do dd, cd the coi chat lieu UAV la composit d l Hinh 5: Md hinh UAV xdy dUng de kiim bin TAP CHi C O KHI VIET NAM, S6 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUU-TRAODOt • Thilt lap cdc dilu kiln mdi trfldng thflc tl cho qua trmh md phdng vd tinh todn kiem bin tren phan cdnh chiu lflc: + UAV hoat dpng dieu kien khong li tfldng tai 25''C dp suat dn dinh Id lat va ddng chay 6n dinh vd lien tuc Hinh Cdc thong so dieu kien mdi trUdng + Tdc dp may bay coi khdng ddi 60 km/h va chi chiu tac ddng tfl ddng chat chay tang dn dinh cd hfldng tac ddng vao canh la khdng ddi + Tien hdnh kilm ben cho UAV cac dieu kiln van tdc gid tac dong khac nhau: Bdng Van toe gid theo thang Beaufort [6] d p B»»dB[l » I V>a tic g M V 10 n> iiôi> mifc ' * * ã M i n {till 1, I k i f l I 'M['i (Mhoul "Mhor ' tn€l2 *"•"" y j ^ TtahMfRgn l U i a Em«l > M h n i Ng •a (WdDW* 4 ' T M T sa UrM-iM'W H WM03-117 11 W/11HJP S9 7i.nt ^-< IWIM M M * Stnglicjs • • " ' * ã * ' n> UiôCIKCJB iMblnV^xte4rtãã CMUocM - e t c CM M i ^ u i B t l4 l M i > 9 « i b b i ^ ^ ^ - l ^ „ _ ^ C*,bllg4cy«irfttagi**a, l « i i Cteg M M l i y Arng kv M « f TAP CHi CO KHi V I £ T NAM, So 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI 3.2 Kit qua tinh toan va xfl ly Canh UAV Id phan chiu dp lflc Idn nhat tfl ddng chay cua khdng va mep cdnh la vi tri chiu lflc tac dpng chinh, dd tiln hanh kiem b i n tren phan mep canh (phan tfl chiu nguy h i l m nhat): : Hinh 8: Chia ludi phdn mep cdnh chiu Itic Hinh 7: Phdn tti kiem ben tren phan mep cdnh Hinh 9: Chieu cua ddng tdc ddng len phdn mip cdnh Kit qua nhdn dflpc kilm ben cho phan tfl tren mep canh cac cap gid khdc StI Vao tic gio 10 km/b Cgio cap 2) Bieu niomenl \ a khoi liroiig 00 ba( on Mo phong ap lire tac dijng len mep canh g\, \^ • ^.^ ::riz\ _;_ ' 15 kmta (gio cap 3) :rrT-~., • • — ' - - ' ^ ' - Hinh 10 Ket qud kiem ben vdi gid cap vd cap TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUU-TRAODOI kin.b (gio km/Ii (cip fA \ v Hinh 11: Kit qud kiem hen vdi gid cap vd cap Kit qua thfl nghiem kilm b i n tren toan bd canh may bay UAV hoat ddng dieu kiln gid cap ( 39-49 km/h ): w Hinh 12: Cdnh UAV trong dieu kien gid cap Hinh 13: Khdo sdt md hinh UAV gidn lUdc hoat ddng dieu kien gid cap Hinh 14: Vec td cdc ddng tdc ddng lin todn bd md hinh UAV mdy bay Vdi cdc kit qua nhdn dflpc, ta thay rang cd sfl chenh lech dp tfldng ddi Idn gifla mat tren vd m^t dfldi canh (dfla vao dp mau thfla vd mdu sac cdc ddng chat chdy qua b l mat canh) Day la tac nhan giup mdy bay bay dfl^c nhflng cung la tdc nhdn dan d i n pha buy canh TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013 NGHIEN CUTU-TRAO Ddi KET LUAN Qua phdn tich dan hoi dpng, nguyen nhdn gay phd huy may bay UAV gom: Udn, Xoan pha buy cdnh, rung lac tfl kich (flutter), rung lac cfldng bflc (bafting), phan flng dpng Iflc Kit qud khdo sdt vd tinh todn kilm b i n cho thay gid d cap (45km/h) trd xudng, dp luc tac ddng vao canh thay ddi khong dang k l (xap xi 1.272 e^Pa) Day la khoang boat ddng on dinh nhat cua UAV Thdng qua khdo sat md hinh UAV dieu kiln gjd cap 6, phan dau may bay, mep canh va phan dudi la cac vi tri chiu lflc tac ddng nguy hiem Trong dd, phan canh la ndi nguy hilm nhat khoang each tay ddn (tfl mui canh d i n thdn may bay) Idn ddn d i n moment uon cao Day la tac nhan chinh dan den phd buy cdnh Do vay can xfl li phan mep canh nham giam tdi da lflc can, gia cd phan gdc canh, dam bdo khdng hi gay moment udn Idn Md hinh UAV hinh da dfldc chay thfl nghiem thflc t l tfl thdng 8/2013 cac dilu kiln thdi tilt khac d Viet Nam cho kit qua tdt, dap flng cdc yeu cau vl an todn, kiem bin, ddng hpc va ddng lflc hpc • Ngay nhdn bdi: 10/11/2013 Ngay phan bien: 15/12/2013 Ngfldi phan bien: PGS, TS Vu Ngoc Pi, Trfldng Dai hpc Ky thuat Cdng nghiep, Dai hpc Thai Nguyen Tdi lieu tham khao: [1] Nguyen Xuan Chung, Tran Dflc Quy, Nguyin Vln Trfldng, Thii't ke'md hinh mdy bay khdng ngtidi ldi UAV dang cdnh bang Tap chi Khoa hpc Cong nghe so 1, DHCNHN 2014 [2] Almeida - Bencatel - Golcalves - Sousa, Multi - UAV Integration for Coordinated Missions, FEUP, 2006 [3] Reg Austin, Unmanned Aircraft Systems UAVs Design, Development and Deployment, Wiley, UK 2010 [4] Tran k h Thinh, Ngo Nhu Khoa, PhUdngphdp phdn tti htiu han, NXB Bach khoa, 2011 [5] Help Ansys CFX - Mesh Tutorials [6] http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/short.html TAP CHi C O KHi VIET NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013 ... nguyen ly ddn hdi ddng hpc, nhdm tac gia trinh bay cac hien tflpng gay pha huy UAV Sau tiln hanh kilm ben cho UAV sfl dung phfldng phap phan tfl bien cho phan tfl chiu nguy hilm nhat dieu kien gia... may bay dieu kien gia dinh cd cac thdng sd tfldng flng nhfl mdi trfldng thflc te va cho toe dp ddng chay va ddng cd thay doi tfl dd lam cd sd kiem ben cho ca may bay Di tinh todn va kilm b i n cho. .. chiu nguy hilm nhat tren cdnh UAV Hinh 4: Md hinh UAV thUc te 3.1 D i l u k i l n kiem nghiim b i n • Kilm ben cho md hinh UAV cd cac thdng so ky thuat nhfl sau: + UAV dfldc 1dm bang sdi composit