Tgp Chi Khoa Hpc Gido Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trudng Dgi Hpc SuPhgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh THmi KE HE THONG DIEU KHIEN XE GAN MAY LAI DESIGNING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR HYBRID MOTORCYCLE Nguyin Ngoc Triiu', L§ Thanh Phuc^ 'TruoTig Cao Ddng Nghi Long An ^Trudng Dgi Hoc Su Phgm Ky Thudt TP Hd Chi Minh Ngdy toa soan nh$n bai 11/3/2015 phan bten danh gia 21/3/2015 chap nhan dang 27/3/2015 TOM TAT Bdi bdo gidi thieu mgt kiiu xe gdn mdy lai duac cdi tien tie xe gdn may hieu Attila dai 2002 dd qua su dung Tdc gid dung vi diiu khiin di diiu khiin dong ca difn DC cong sudt 400W hogt dong phdi hap vdi dong caxang vd ciing truyen moment quay din bdnh sau cua xe Hai binh accu 12V-14Ah mdc ndi tiep se cdp dien cho dgng ca diin Hai binh ndy luon duac ngp ddy tit mdy phdt dien ciia xe dong ca xdng hogt dong Trong sudt qud trinh hogt dong dien dp hinh accu, cuang dong diin cdp cho he thong diiu khien vd dgng ca diin luon duac vi diiu khiin kiim tra, xie ly nhdm bdo ve accu vd todn bg he thong khong hi hu hong Sau tiin hdnh thiit ki vd chi tgo hi thing diiu khien tdc gid da dua vdo thie nghiim thuc te Kit qud cho thdy cdc thiit bi ldm viec ddm bdo an todn ddp ieng duac cdc yiu cdu de Qua thie nghiem, chi phi nhien lieu gidm tit 10% din 18% nong HC gidm tie 18% den 50%, ndng CO gidm tu 10% den 40% (tuy tieng che tie khde nhau) so vdi chi xe chi chgy bdng dgng caxang ABSTRACT The article presents a type of hybrid motorcycle improved from a used scooter Attila 2002 The author has used microcontroller to control a DC electric motor with the power of400Wthat works in collaboration with the gasoline engine and the torque transmitted to the rear wheels of the vehicle Each of two I2V-14Ah battery connected in series will supply power to the electric motor These two are always charged hy the generator of the vehicle when the gas engine operates During accumulator's charging operation, current is provided to the control system and electric motor is always checked by microcontrollers and processors in order to protect the accumulator as well as to make sure the entire system is not damaged After designing and manufacturing the control system, the author has put it into the actual test The results showed that the device worked safely and met all the requirements Through the test compared with mode with only the gas engine, fiiel costs decreased by 10% to 18%, HC density decreased by 18% to 50%, the concentration of CO decreased by 10% to 40%, which depend on different speed mode I G l d l THIEU Hien nay, xe gan may la phuong tien giao thdng phd bien ciia ngudi dan Viet Nam, bdi nd dugc danh gia cao d raiic linh hoat ca nhan The nhung, bdi canh nhign lieu hda thach cang can kiet va tinh hinh d nhigm mdi trudng xe may tao cang cao, ngudi ta da dimg nhieu bien phap dg tigt kiem nhign lieu va giam thigu chit thai chiing tao Trong dd, ngudn ddng lire lai dang dugc chii y va phat trien Mdt sd nuoc tren thg giai da san xuit nhieu xe gan may lai m§u ma dep Trong nudc, de tai "Thiet kg he thdng truygn dpng xe gin may lai" cua Dao Trpng Cudng [1], da nghien cuu cai tao va lap rap them he thdng truygn ddng tir mpt ddng co dien DC dg cung phdi hgp moment quay vdi ddng co xang dEn ddng banh xe sau trgn xe Attila ddi 2002 Toan bd he thdng truygn dpng Tgp Chi Khoa Hpc Gido Dgc Ky Thugt (32/2015) Tnrdng Dgi Hpc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh dugc thiet kg la mdt cum chi tiet rdi, cd the lap rap dg dang vao xe may Dg tai "Nghign Cliu, thiet kg, lap dgt dpng co lai trgn xe gan may"cua Phgm Qudc Phong [4], dugc ap dung trgn xe Wave, d toe dp 40 km/h hd len, ddng CO xang hoat ddng, d toe dp thap hon 40 km/h, ddng eo dien hogt ddng Thiet ke he thdng didu khidn bang vi digu khign sii dung phan raem AVR de dieu khien ddng ea dipn hogt ddng phdi hgp vdi ddng co xang va cimg truyen moment quay cho banh sau cua xe, nham tiet kiem nhign lieu va giam phat thai lara d nhiem mdi trudng la muc dich cua nghien eim IL CAU T^O VA NGUYEN LY HOAT DQNG Hinh 2: So dd khoi co cau truyen dpng ciia ddng CO dien sau lap rap [1] Cau t^o va nguyin ly hoat ddng cua he Loai dpng CO dipn sii dung bp truyen thong truyen lyc tu* dong c& dien din bdnh ddng lai la ddng co dien mdt chieu (DC) Cdng xe suat phat ra: 400W; dien ap su dung: 85 V; tdc Dpng CO xang din ddng true tiep banh xe dp cue dgi: 2.500 v/p; ddng tieu thu khdng tai: sau Dpng ea dien dugc vi digu khien cap 5,8A; ddng tigu thu cue dai: 40A; moment cue dien tir binh accu 12V mac ndi tiep nhau, se dgi phat ra: 12Nm; moment lign tuc: l,70Nm truyen moment quay dgn banh sau thdng qua Cau tao va nguyen Iy lam viSc cua hi hop truyen dpng Day la kidu phdi hgp truygn thong dieu khiin ddng Trong dd, ddng co xang ddng vai trd la Vi cd hai ngudn nang lugng tir ddng co ngudn nang lugng truyen moment chinh, cdn xang va dpng co dien cimg dan ddng banh sau dpng CO dien chi ddng vai trd hd trg ciia xe tgi cimg thdi diem Do dd, de hai ngudn nang lugng lam viec eiing thi tdc dp ciia banh xe va tdc dp cua ddng co dien phai bang (vi ti sd truygn tir ddng ca dien den banh xe la :1) a So to chiic he thong dieu khien *Cau tao - Accu cung cap ngudn cho khdi mgch vi digu khien, mgch digu khign ddng co dien - Ddng CO dien lay ngudn boat ddng tii mach digu khign ddng co dien - Chip vi dieu khien atmega32 duge nudi vdi mite dien ap 5v va dugc cap tu khdi ngudn chuyen ddi dien ap accu dien ap 5v, dugc tich hgp san tren mach vi dieu khien Hinhl: So dd khdi co ciu truygn ddng ciia -Ngudn nudi cac cam bien se dugc cip tii ddng CO dien [1] mgch vi dieu khien vdi miic dien ap la 5v Tgp Chi Khoa Hge Gido Dgc Ky Thugt (32/2015) I Truimg Bgi Hge SuPhgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh MACH SAC ACCU ACCU MAY PHAT Batt MACH \ i r i : u Tin hieu dim ap tir accu Cam bien cucmg dp KHrtNATMEGA32 analog to Mach dieu digital khien toe converter Dong dong dien cadien Timer Cam bien toe banhxe CO dien external intem^its Cim bien toe done CO dien Hinh 3: So to chirc he thdng dieu khien *Nguyen ly hoat dong - Khi banh xe quay, cam bien toe banh xe se giri tin hieu ve mach vi dieu khign Mach vi diSu khien bat dau xuat tin hieu PWM truyen den mach digu khien dgng co dien, dieu khien dong CO dien quay theo toe dp cua banh xe -Cam bien t6c dpng eo di?n giri tin hieu hdi tigp ve mach vi dieu khien de vi dieu khien nh$n biet dupe toe dp dpng co dien quay chinh xac khong Tit dieu chinh xuat lai xung PWM -Cam bien cuong dp dong dien diing 6k kiSm tra cucmg dong di?n cua m^ch digu khien dpng co dien va dpng co dien, bao ve vi diSu khijn, nh5m mue dich bao ve mach diSu khien dpng co 3i?n va d6ng co di?n, trdnh truong hpp qua dong bi ehay Khi cucmg dp dong di?n qua Idn vupt mirc cho phep thi vi digu khign se ngat chg dp dieu khign dOng eo dien Dpng eo dien ngimg hoat dpng -Gia tri di?n ap accu duge mach vi digu khign lien tuc kigm tra Khi gia tri di?n ap accu qua thSp khong du yeu ciu ( < 18V ) thi mach vi digu khign se tit chg dp digu khign dOng eo dien Dpng CO dien ngimg hoat ddng b Sff ah nguyin 1^ timg bo ph^n *Kh6i vi digu khien: Tgp Chi Khoa Hge Gido Dgc Ky Thudt (32/2015) Truimg Bgi Hge Sir Phgm Ky Thudt TR Hd ChiMinh m m Hinh 4: So dd nguyen ly mach MCU (micro controller unit) Vi dieu khien Atraega32 4.Nhgn tin hieu tu cam bign LCD_16x2 hign thi 5.Dgc gia hi dien ap accu 3.DigukhignPWM *Khdi Driver: m j,j-«=,„ JL 'G i Hinh 5: So dd nguyen ly Driver digu khien ddng co - Khi vi dieu khien khdng digu xung PWM, khdng cd ddng qua Oppto PC817, Tl ngat, Mosfet IRF3205 khdng dugc kich, dien ap cue S bang khdng Motor khdng hogt dpng - Khi vi digu khign digu xung PWM, cd ddng qua Oppto PC817, T2 din, Mosfet 1RF3205 dugc kich va dSn, di$n ap cue S gan bang dien ap ngudn (12V), motor quay - Khi vi digu khien ngit PWM dot ngot, motor ngat dot ngpt, xuat hien siic dien dpng tu cam cd chigu nguge vdi ddng dien, lam cho dien the giiia dau Mosfet tang cao, ngu vugt qua miic gidi han cho phep lam hdng Mosfet Dl cd nhiem vu dap siic dien ddng tu cam - Do Mosfet dugc digu khign bing tin hieu PWM, hic la Mosfet dang d chg dp chuygn miic logic (ddng => ngit va nguge lai).Tai day Mosfet lam viec d chg dp khugch dai Tgp Chi Khoa Hoc Gido Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trudng Bgi Hge SuPhgm Ky Thugt TR Hd ChiMinh nghia la npi tro Mosfet tang cao Thai gian xay khugch dai rSt ngin nhung cung anh *Kh5i chuygn ddi tin hieu tir xung sin xung vuong va mach kiem tta dong dien qua huong mpt phin dgn su nong len cua Mosfet Vi vay gin dien trd RI dg xa Mosfet ngat dpng eo dien ^ % Hinh 6: a) So nguygn ly mach chuygn ddi tin hieu xung sin xung vudng b) So nguyen ly mach kigm tra cudng dp ddng dien qua ddng ca dien V- > V+ => Vout = OV, nguge Igi V- < V+ => Vout ^ Vcc = 5V Nhu vgy dien ap ngd se la miic OV va V Tuong tu nhu tren, tin hieu cam bien tdc dp - Nguygn ly mgch chuyen ddi tin hieu xung ddng CO dien ciing chuygn tu xung sin sin xung vudng: xung vudng Dua vao chg dp so sanh cua Opamp LM358, ta xet nhanh cua cam bien banh xe: nd so sanh tin hieu dien ap V+ trgn cau phan ap R1,R6 va dien ap V- trgn can phan ap giiia R2,D3 Dien ap V- thay ddi dien ap tu cam bien dien tii chuyen pha Ta cd trudng hop - Dg cudng dp ddng dien, sir dung cam bidn ddng IC ACS 756SCA dua hen hieu ling Hall Vout thay ddi tuygn tinh theo su thay ddi ddng dien lp dugc lay mau tir Motor c Luu thuat toan Tgp Chi Khoa Hoc Gido Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) Trudng Bgi Hoc Su Phgm Ky Thugt TRH3 ChiMinh KHOI TAO ADC: INTERRUPT: TIMER; PX\"M; DOC D f UtX T f DnO; INTl: ADC2; TTvH TO.AN R A D I E N iP VA CT'ONG DO DONG DIEN =^ Bl£S Iz AP t2 40±2 50±2 6()±2 Khong lai Co lai Lupng nhign lieu giam (Lit/lOOkm) 2.78 2.57 3.13 3.28 2.3 2.1 2.72 2.93 0.48 0.47 0.41 0.35 Ti le nhien lieu giam % n.n 18.29 13.1 10.6 DO THI DAC TINH TIEU HAO NHIEN LIEU q(lit/100km) l:Cbed$ khong lai 2: Cbi dp lai VOan/i) Hinh 8; Do thi dac tinh tieu hao nhien lieu Kgt lu jn: Trgn cimg mot loai dudng, miic tieu hao nhien heu ehay xe chg dp lai giam 17% -18% (tdc dp 30 km/h - 40 km/h), giam 10% - 13% (tdc dp 50km/h -60km/h) Kilm tra va so s^nh nong d$ xii Bang 2: So sanh phin thai d hai chg lai va khong lai TT Toe AQ km/h -30 -40 -50 -60 Thanh phan thai ppm vol HC % vol CO ppm vol HC % vol CO ppm vol HC % vol CO ppm vol HC % vol CO Cheda khong lai 1590,33 7.53 1513 9.28 1675.67 8.52 1824.00 8.24 Che dp lai Giam Ti 1? % 943.66 6.69 740.67 5.68 1361.67 5.97 1485.33 4.96 646.67 0.84 772.33 3.6 314 2.55 338.67 3.28 40.66 11.15 51.04 38.79 18.74 29.92 18.57 39.81 Tgp Chi Khoa Hpc Gido Due Ky Thugt (32/2015) I Trudng Dgi Hge SuPhgm Ky Thugt TP Hd ChiMinh \ Ket luan: Qua bang so sanh tren ta thay d cuiig mpt chg dp, chgy d chg dp lai phan thai giam so vdi xe ehay d chg dp khong lai Cu thg: Ndng ppm vol HC d tdc dp ~ 30 -40 (km/h) giam hi 40% ddn 50 %, d tdc dp -50-60 (km/h) giam khoang 18 % Ndng dp % vol CO giam hi 10% dgn 40% hiy tiing ehd dp tdc dp IV KET L U ^ Dg tai "Thigt kg he thdng digu khien xe gan may lai" da giai quyet dugc cac van de sau: - Ung dung vi dieu khign dg digu khign ddng CO dien hoat ddng phdi hgp vdi ddng co xang va cung truyen moment quay dgn banh sau cua xe gan may ciing nhu dieu khien viee kigm tra, xu Iy dien ap binh accu, cudng dp ddng dien cap cho mgch cdng suat, nham bao ve binh accu, mach vi dien tu va ddng co dien - Kgt qua thii nghiem cho thay d che dp xe lai chi phi nhign lieu va ndng dp CO, HC giara di mdt lugng dang kg - Loai xe rat phu hgp ehay phd, khu vuc ddng dan cu ciing nhu viing ven phd bdi nd phat huy hieu qua ro ret d tdc dp 30-40 km/h Tuy nhien, vi dg tai chi cai tign tir xe gan may da cd san va xe da qua sir dung ngn khdng dat ve my thuat Cae chi tigu thii nghiem ve chi phi nhign lieu va thai ehi dimg Igi d mirc so sanh xe lam viec d hai che Do khdng cd bang thii xe may nen phan thu nghiem cdn gap nhigu han chg TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] Dao Trpng Cudng, Thiit ke he thong truyen dgng xe gdn mdy lai, LuSn van Thgc sT, Trudng Dgi hpc Su phgm Ky thugt TR Hd Chi Mmh, Nam 2014 [2] Ngd Dien Tap, A VR lap trinh C, NXB Khoa hpc va ky thugt, 2003 [3] Ngd Dien Tap, Ky thugt vi diiu khiin vai AVR, NXB Khoa hpc va ky thuat, 2003 [4] Phgm Qudc Phong, Nghiin cuu, thiit ki, lap dgt dgng ca lai tren xe gdn mdy, Luan van Thae sT, Trudng Dgi hpc Bach Khoa Tp Hd Chi Minh, 2007 [5] Tai lieu hudng din sir dung & bao tri xe Attila cua cdng ty SYM ... tiet rdi, cd the lap rap dg dang vao xe may Dg tai "Nghign Cliu, thiet kg, lap dgt dpng co lai trgn xe gan may"cua Phgm Qudc Phong [4], dugc ap dung trgn xe Wave, d toe dp 40 km/h hd len, ddng... phi nhien lieu hai che dp lai va khong lai Toe dp tri V (km/h) TT Chi phi nhign lieu trung binh trgn quang ducmg 100km - q(Llt/100km) 3(>t2 40±2 50±2 6()±2 Khong lai Co lai Lupng nhign lieu giam... q(lit/100km) l:Cbed$ khong lai 2: Cbi dp lai VOan/i) Hinh 8; Do thi dac tinh tieu hao nhien lieu Kgt lu jn: Trgn cimg mot loai dudng, miic tieu hao nhien heu ehay xe chg dp lai giam 17% -18% (tdc