Tối ưu hóa một số thông số công nghệ để bảo quản quả xoài cát hòa lộc bằng phương pháp kiểm soát khí quyển (controlled atmosphere)

KHOA HQC - CONG NGHfi TOI ini HOA MOT SO THONG SO CONG NGHE DE BAO QUAN QUA XOAI CAT HOA LOC B A N G PHlTONG PHAP KIEM SOAT KHI QUYEN (CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE) Phgm Anh Tudn ', Tdng Thf Quynh Anh ^ TOM TAT Mvc tiiu cua nghien cuu ndy id tdi iru hda chi dg cdng nghi bdo qudn qua xoai Cat Hda Lgc bdng phuong^ phdp kiim sodt quyin CA vdi yiu l6 thuc nghi4m tuang img miin khdo sdt Id nhi4t dg (9 - 13 C), ndng dg O2 (2 - 5%) vd ndng dg CO2 (5 -10%) Ki hogch thuc nghidm gdm thi nghiim lheo ma trgn Box-Wilson vdi hdm myc tieu la cdc chi tiiu chdt luang eiia qud xodi gdm diem cdm quan, dg cung qud.^ hdm luang dudng tdng s6 va ham lugng axit long s6 Tiin hdnh ddng th&i cd ihi nghi4m trin h? thdnq thiit bj CA da chuc nang cd thi diiu khiin vd gidm sal lu dgng dugc nhiit dg, dg dm, ndng dg O2 vd ndng dg COj Kit qud da xdc djnh duac gid tri idi uu cUa cdc yiu td nhiit dg la 9, fC, nong dg O2 4,7% vd non^ dg CO2 5,0%, Cde hdm muc tiiu tuang ung dgt dugc sau 30 ngdy bda qudn Id chdt luang cdm quan xip logi khd (17,1 diim), dg cung qud 8,46 kG/cm', hdm luang dudng tdng sd 13,1% hdm luang axit tdngsd 0,5% Sau 30 ngdy bdo qudn a diiu kiin ldi uu, xodi duac chuyin sang bao gdi bdng vgt liiu PE dg ddy 0,03mm va bdo qudn dip tue & nhiit 9,5± 0,5''C Kit qua sau ngdy bdo qudn, chdt lugng cdm quan dot 17,8 diem, diem vi mdu sdc, miti, vi duac cdi thiin hem, chi liiu trang thdi co hi suy gidm so vdi mdu ldi iru Tu- khda: Bdo qudn, kiem soai quyen, tdi uu hda, xodi Cdi Hda Lge OPTIMIZING OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR "CAT HOA LOC" MANGO PRESERVATION BY USING CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING Pham Anh Tuin ', Tong Thj Quynh Anh ^ SUMMARY The objective of this study is to optimize the preservation of 'Cat Hoa Loc' mango by controlled atmosphere (CA) method with corresponding factors with domain survey: temperature (9 - ]3''C), O2 concentrations (2-5%) and CO2 concentrations (5-10%) Plan laboratory experiments include the Box Wilson matrix with the objective function as indicators of the quality of mango which the observation, firmness, total sugar content and total acid content Nine conducting experiments simultaneously on the multifunctional CA system can be controlled and monitored automatically about temperature, humidity, concentration of O2 and CO2 concentration The results identified the optimal value ofthe temperature is 9.5 °C, 4.7% O2 concentration and CO2 concentration 5.0% The corresponding objective function achieved after 30 days of storage the organoleptic quality graded fairly (17.1 points), 8,46 kG/cm^ hardness, the sugar content of 13.1%, total acid content of 0.5% After 30 days of storage at optimal conditions, the mango was transferred to PE packaging material thickness of 0.03 mm and stored at temperatures 9.5 ± 0.5 "C Results after days of storage, the perceptible quality 17.8 points, including points of color, smell, taste are improved, while the status indicator has been declining over the optimal form Keywords: Preservation, controlled atmosphere, optimize, 'Cat Hoa Loc' mango I DAT VAN D E Cdng nghe bao quan bang kiem soat quyln CA la mgt nhiing phuang phap vat Iy an toan va cd hieu qua ddi voi rau qua tuoi, dac biet la nhirng loai cd dae tinh hd h i p dot ' TS.Vi^n CO dien nong nghi?pvA cong nghe STH ^ KS Tnrcmg D?i hpc NQng Iam Hue bien nhu qua xoai, ed the lie chl dugc cuong hd hap, mat khac cdn ban che dugc su phat trien cua vi sinh vat gay thdi hdng Nhin chung cac ket qua nghien ciiu [4,5,6] cho thay, ndng dg O2 va CO2 mdi trucmg CO anh hudng dang kl den chit luone TAP CHf CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 10 - 2013 29 5" KHOA HOC - CONG NGH? qua xoai qua trinh bao quan thdng qua cac chi tieu danh gia ve dg ciing va mau sac cam quan Cu thl, vai nlng O2 thap tir (3 - 5%) va ndng CO2 cao tir (5 - 10%) co xu hudng keo dai thcri gian bao quan, d mdi truong nhiet dp tii (8 - IS^'C) Tai Viet Nam chua cd nghien cuu nao v6 cdng ngh? bao quan bang CA dugc thuc hien mdt each ddy dii Muc tieu cua nghien ciiu la tdi uu hda yeu td anh hudng chinh gdm nhiSt do, ndng O2 va ndng dp CO2 den chat lugng va thdi gian bao quan, day la budfc ke tiep cua chudi cac nghien ciiu khao sat da dugc thue hien, nhim hoan thien quy trinh edng nghe bao quan qua xoai Cat Hda Ldc bang phuong phap CA n NGUYEN L i f u VA FHU'OfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Nguyen lieu Qua xoai Cat Hda Lge xuit xii xa Hda Hung, huyen Cai Be, tinh Tiln Giang, Viet Nam Thu hoach d tudi tu 70 - 80 Vu thu hoach tii thang din thang duge chgn nhiing qua eiing, cSu tnic thit qua rin chie, mau sac vo qua cdn xanh tu nhien 2.2 Phu-ffng phap nghien cihi 2.2.} Thiet bi su dung chiing Cac kho dugc thiet kS cd gioSng ciia kin chuySn dyng vdri kinh each nhi?t lop co thl quan sat mau thi nghi$m tu ben ngoai cac CO cdu chap hanh diSu chinh thilt kl hoan toan tu dgng dilu khiln giam sat bang hg PLC kit ndi may tinh trung tam, cd till cap nh|t, luu trii va in an so li?u nhat ky thi nghiem Cac Sensor cam biln (O2, CO2, C2H4) ciia HSng Detcon - USA, tin hi^u chuan tii - 20mA 2.2.2 Phuangphdp bo tri thuc nghiem Tien hanh thuc nghi$m theo ma tran Box-Wilson gdm thi nghigm CTj, CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5, CT6 CT7 CTg CT9 vdi ylu tl tuong ling mien bien thien la kit qua ciia nghien ciiu don yeu td da dugc thuc hien trudc: Xl- Nhiet (9 -1 S^'C); X2 - ndng O2 (25%); X3 - ndng dg CO2 ( - 10%) Cac ham muc tieu gdm Yi cam quan (dilm); Y2 dg ciing (kG/em^);Y3 ham lugng duorng tdng sd (%); Y4 ham lugng axit tdng sd (%) - Chuan bj mau: tidn hanh so chl va xii ly nguyen lieu bing loai bd nhung qua bi tin thuang, xay xuac, dap nat qua trinh van chuyln va nhung qua bi benh Cit cudng dai 1cm va rua sach bing nuac, tilp theo xii ly nhiet bang nhiing nuoc ndng 52''C vai thdi gian phiit, lam khd va dinh lugng 5kg/mau x miu va mau ddi chung (DC) a dilu kien lanh l"C khdng dilu chinh CA 2.2.3 Phmngi^i^phdntichddnhffddi^hmng - Phuang phap lay mau qua tuoi: theo TCVN 5120-90 - Danh gia chat lugng cam quan bing lap Hdi ddng chim dilm: chi tidu cam quan: mau sac, mCii, vj, ttang thai dugc danh gia rieng re Ifinh 1, H? thong thiit bi thi nghi4m CA da chdc nang theo thang dilm, dilm cao nhit la 5, dilm tiiip He thdng thilt bi thi nghiem CA da chiic nhit la (TCVN 3218:2011) Tuong iing he sd nang (hinh 1) voi 10 kho cd dung tich 90 quan ttgng: Mau sic (1,2), miii (0,8), vj (0,8), lit/kho, ttong dd gdm 09 kho CA, cd thl dilu ti^g thai (1,2) Miic xep loai theo tdng dilm: tdt khiln giam sat ddc lap dugc thdng sd la nhiet (18,2 - 20); kha (15,2 -18,1); ttung binh (11,2 do, im, ndng dg O2, ndng CO2 va 15,1);kem (7,2-11,1); hdng12 C, diem cam quan giam dang kd, chiing td ring cd su gia tang cudng dg hd hap dan den s\r biln ddi nhanh vd mau sic, miii, vi va ciu tnic cua qua Mat khac, nhidt thip < 9,5''C eiing lam gidm diem cam quan, dieu cd the giai thich qua ttinh rdi lo^n sinh ly a nhiet dp thap dan den s\r bien ddi vd cau tnic, mau sic qua hay cdn ggi la hien tugng "tdn thuang lanh" Mat khac co dinh nhiet dg tai tam la ll^C (hinh 2e) diem cam quan cd xu hudng tang theo chieu tang ciia nong dd O2 va giam ndng dp CO2 Trong do, diem cam quan cd xu huang dugc cai thien nong dd O2 >3,5% va ndng C62 7,85% va nguge lai theo chiSu giam ciia n6ng i& O2 khoang < 2,75% DiSu la hoan toan phu hop giai doan cu6i cua qua xoai (ngay bao quan thii 30) qua trinh chuySn hoa tinh bot dirong co t6c dg cham dto, tuong iing mile tieu hao O2 a miic thSp < 2,75% M5t khac n6ng CO2 miic eao > 7,85% co xu huong kiSm ham qua trinh ho hap la phu hop voi t6e chuySn hoa Nguoc lai ndng O2 > 2,75% va n6ng dp CO2 < 7,85%i lai eo xu huong giam ham lugng duong tdng so, diSu chiing to ring su gia tang cua cuong ho hip manh hon, nhiSu phan img chuySn hoa khac xay lam tiSu hao nhiSu hon eac hgp chit hOu co cua qua xoai co ducmg 3.1.4 Anh hudng cua nhiet do, ndng 02 vd C02 den hdm luang axit tong s6 Y, = 039 - 0,029X| + 0,041X2 - 0,029Xj -0,024X|X2 • 0,034X1X3-0,044X2X3 - 0,00625X|' (4) BiSu diSn quan hS giira cac ySu t6 thuc nghiSm den ham lugng axh tdng s6 (hinh 5a, hlnh 5b, hinh 5c) Hinh Sa Anh huang cua nhiet vd ndng O2 den hdm luang axit long so \ Hinh 5h Anh hu&ng cua nhiit vd ndng CO2 den hdm luang axil tdng so TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 10 - 2013 33 KHOA H Q C - CONG N G H E Doi vdi cac ham muc tieu mong mudn dugc: chat lugng cam quan d^t gia tii Max ttong miln (15,2 - 17,1 dilm); dg cung mong mudn dat gia tii Max ttong khoang (6 - 8,95 kG/cm^); ham Iugng dudng tdng so mong mudn dat gia tri Min khoang (13 -15,88%); ham lugng axit ting sd mong mudn nim khoang (0,4 - 0,5%), tuong fing chgn h? so quan ttgng cua hkn myc tieu (5,5, 5,5) Hinh Sc Anh hu&ng cua ndng O2 vd CO2 din hdm luang axit idng s6 Thdng qua he s6 hdi quy (4) cho thiy eae ylu td thuc nghiem ddu cd anh hudng dang ke den ham lugng axit tdng sd cua qua xoai Cat Hoa Ldc, ttong anh huang lon nhat la yeu td nhiet do, tilp din la ndng CO2 va ndng O2 Khao sat sy biln thien ciia cac yeu td den bam lugng axit tdng sd bang bieu dien tten dd thi va quan sat thay: cd dinh ndng dd CO2 tai didm tam la 7,5%, hoac ndng O2 tai tam la 3,5% thi ham lugng axit tdng sd co xu hudng giam din theo chieu tang ciia nhiet bao quan mien khao sat tfi -13*'C Dilu la phu hgp vdi qua trinh bien ddi hda sinh cua qua xoai ttong qua trinh bao quan, nhien de tri ham lugng axit tdng sd d muc cao, ddng nghia voi viec keo dai thai gian bao quan qua xoai d dieu kien nhiet thap Xet cu the cd dinh nhiet dg t^i 11 "C de tri ham lugng axit tdng sd d mfic cao tu 0,39 - 0,48% thi can dieu chinh ndng O2 > 2,75%, tuong ling ndng CO2 < 8,75% 3.2 Ket qua toi iru hoa che bao quan xoai Cat Hoa Loc Tdi uu hda bang phan mem xfi ly Design Expertversion tten nguydn tac chap cac muc tieu thda man dieu kien rang bugc, cu the: Ddi vdi yeu td thyc nghiem mong mudn dat dugc gia tri mien bien thien da dugc khao sat: Nhiet (9 - 13°C); ndng dd O2 (2 - 5%); ndng CO2 (5 - 10%), tuong ung chpn he sd quan ttgng ciia yeu td (5,5,5) Ket qua chaty sd lieu da dua 31 phuang an da xac dinh dugc 11 phuang an co muc tieu chung > 96%, dd phuang an tdi uu vdi myc tieu chung cao nhat la 96,3% (hinh 6) Hinh Bieu dien mde mong dgi dgi dugc cua phuang dn tdi uu Kit qua tdi uu dat dugc vdi: Nhiet bao quan 9,5*'C, ndng O2 4,7%, ndng CO2 5%; chit lugng cam quan 17,1 diem; dO cfing 8,46 kG/cm^; ham Iugng duong tdng so 13,1%; ham lugng axit tdng sd 0,5% Ket qua la tucmg ddi phu hgp vdi cac nghiSn cfiu ddi vdi qua xoai Florida [6] va qua xoai xanh Namdokmai [4,5] vd quy luat bien thien cua ndng O2 va CO2 co tac ddng din chat lugng va thdi gian bao quan qua xoai Tuy vay kha nang tdn thuong lanh cua qua xom Cat Hda Ldc a nhiet dO cao hon so vdi qua xoai xanh Namdokmai Thai Lan Ket qua danh gia vdi mau ddi chfing (DC) d dieu kien lanh sau 20 bao quan, tuong fing cac chi tidu chit lugng cam quan 9,1 diem, dg cfing 2,7 kG/cm^, ham Iugng dudng tdng sd 17,16%, ham lugng axit tdng sd 0,6% Trong ket qiia bao quan cung vdi qua xoai Cat Hda Lpc bang cdng nghe phu mang diSu kien thudng dugc 12 ngay, so voi m i u xoai d khdng bao mang chi bao quan dugc tfi - [2\ CHf CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 10 - 2013 KHOA HQC - CONG Qua cho thiy cong ngh§ bao quan bang CA khong nhung keo dai thdi gian bao quan ma cdn tri hoan dang ke sy bien ddi ve chat lugng ciia qua xoai Cat HoaLoc Tu ket qua toi uu sau 30 bao quan, mau xoai Cat Hoa LOc tiep tuc dugc khao sat dilu ki^n bao gdi vdi vat li$u PE dg day 0,03mm va bao quan d nhi$t dg 9,5± CS^C Kit qua sau bao quan, chat Iugng cam quan dat 17,8 diem, cac chi ti§u vl mau sic, mui, vi dugc cai thien hon, chi tieu ttang thai co bi suy giam so voi mau toi uu, dilu chiing to rang qua trinh chin ciia qua xoai van dien ty nhi€n va dam bao chit lugng thuong mai NGH^ KET QUA NGHIEN CUU CONG NGHE VA CHE TAO THIET Bj DIET MEN CHE XANH BANG VI SONG NANG SUAT 45-80 KG CHE Blip TUUl/Gid ( Tiip theo trang 28 ) Ben canh nhOng mi dilm, thiet bi diet men bang vi sdng c6 nhugc diem d6 la gia Ihiet bi cao, nang suat thiet bi thap Nguyfin Hoing DOng {2005): Giio trinh th\rc hanh danh gii cam quan Tnr&ng D^ii hpc Bach khoa • Thanh Ho Chf Minh Nguyin Duy Lam (2010), "Nghien ciru vi img dyng cong ngh§ vk ihiSt bj san xuit chS phim bao quan dung bao quan m$t s6rauqua tirai", Bao cao tong ket de tai cap Nha nudcKC07.04/06-IO Hi Duyen Tu (2006); Quan ly chil lugmg c6ng nghifip thyc phSm; Nhi xuit ban Khoa hpc vi Ky thu^t Hi NOi Jammaree Singkaew and Sinchai Kanlayanarat (2009), Effect of hight C02 atmospheres on fruit quality and shelf life of "Namdokmai" mango (Magifera Indical.) at chilling and nonchiliing temperatures Division of Poslharvest Technology, School of Bioresource and Technology King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi , Thungru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand Nattamon Somsak and Sinchai Kanlayanarat (2009), Effect of low oxygen atmospheres on fruit quality and shelf life of "Namdokmai" mango (Magifera Indical.) at chilling and nonchiliing temperatures Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresource and Technology King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thungru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand '' Slaughter D.C (2009), Biological and Agricultural ^ Engineering, University of California, Davis, January IV KET LUAN Da dira dugc quy trinh cong ngh? diet men che xanh bang vi song, theo dd tlidi gian diet men - phut, nhiet dO khoi che buong diet men 84''C ± 2''C, am che sau diet men 59 - 61,6% Da thiet kl, chl tao dugc a nuac thiet bi di?t men bang vi song Thiet bi hoat dong on dmh, hien thj va tir dong dieu khien nhiet diet men Chat lugng cua thiet bj diet men bang vi song che tao nudc tuong ducmg vdi thiet bi ciing loai ciia Tmng Quoc nhung gia thap hon 15% Che diet men b^ng cong nghe vi song cho chit Iugng cao hon diet men bang cong nghe truyen thing Dac biet san pham giu dugc mau xanh tu nhien ciia nguyen lieu, nudc sang khong cd can, van due TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Trinh Chit, Le VSn Uyfin Tinh loan thiet kfi hfi din dgngcakhi.NXBGiSoDyc, 1999 Ton Thit Mmh Miy va thifit b) v ^ chuyfin vi Dinh lu