Nghiên cứu một số thông số của thiết bị sấy ngô di động

KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE NGHIEN curu MOT SO THONG SO CUA THIET Bj SAY NGO 01 DONG Nguyin Tudn Anh ' Nguyin Dtnh Tiing' TOM TAT Bdi bdo gidi thieu ket qud nghien ciht, thiet ke vd che tgo Ihiel bf sdy ngo di dgng Kit qud khdo sdt doi vai cdc Ihdng so nhu: Nhiet dg tdc nhdn stiy a 50 "C; 7(fC; 90 "C vd IJCrC, luu luang ldc nhdn sdy 5000 m /h; 7000 m^/h: 8500 m^/h; 1000 m^/h Kit qud cho thdng s6 idi iru tim dirge cho chi dg sdy hgp ly nhdt v&i nhiit dg Wc vd hru lugTig tdc nhdn sdy 8500 m^/h ung vdi ihdi gian sdy 7,5h/me vd khdi lirffng nhiin li?u dot tirang img la 88.83 kg/me, dm ban ddu 26%, dg dm sau sdy Id 14% Tir khoa: may sdy hgi di dgng, sdy ngd STUDY OF SOME PARAMETERS OF A MOBILE CORN DRYER Nguyen Tuan Anh ', Nguyen Dinh Tung ^ SUMMARY The paper shows the results of a study, design and fabrication of a mobile com dryer The survey results give the parameters as follows: the temperatures ofthe drying agent are 50''C;70 "C; 90''C and lO^C, the volumetric flow rates ofthe drying agent are 5000 mVh; 7000 mVh; 8500 m'/h; 10000 m^/h According to the findings the optimal parameters ofthe most reasonable drying conditions are as follows: the temperature is 90''C and the volumetric flow rates ofthe drying agent is 8500 mVh, the drying time is 7,5 hours/batch and the correspondent amount of materials is 42,29 kg /batch, moisture content of materials 26%, moisture content of products 14% Keywords: Mobile grain dryer, com drying I DAT VAN DE Ci nuac ta cay ngo dugc khap cac viing ca nuoc, san xuat ngo a Viet Nam dugc chia viing CJ moi viing ngo a nuac ta co dac diem ve dia hinh, dat dai, dilu kien hau khac Ching ban a viing Trung Du MiSn Niii phia Bac viec san xuat ngo vu Xuan thuong gap rat nhieu kho khan cho viec thu hai, bao quan, che bien ngo dieu kien mua keo dai giai doan cuoi vu thu hoach Theo uac tinh t6n thSt sau thu hoach khoang 13,7% nhlt la a khau phai sly khoang 4,2% Viet Nam hien da va dang sir dung tat ca cac phuang phap sly ngo ma tren the gioi van sir dung Nhung dia hinh dia ly cung nhu viing hau cua Viet Nam c6 su khac biet va mgt phan nln kinh xk kem phat triln nen khong the ap dung tlt ca cac phuang phap sly j-|^g Vien nghien ciiu, tiiiit ka, chS t^o may nong nghiep pQs' -rs' Vien nghien ciru thigt kk chl t^o may nong nghiep tien tien mgt each dai tra vao tat ca cac vimg ngo a nuac ta gia thiet bi c6n cao Theo uac tinh dien tich dat tnmg binh cho moi nong hg ngo Trung Du Mien Niii phia Bac chi khoang (0,2-l)ha Vay, vai quy mo san xuat nho le nay, viec dau tu may say cho cap nong hg se khong dem lai hieu qua, mac du thiet bi say tTnh vi ngang c6 cau tao kha dan gian, nhung van phai chi chi cho van chuyen tu khu thu hoach ve nai say Truac thuc tien can nghien curu thiet ke may say ngo tu hanh vol muc tieu linh hoat, nham giam chi phi vSn chuyen, day la su ket hgp san xuat ciia cac ca sa kinh doanh san xuat nho le, cac nong hp, tao dieu kien de cac ca so co the tiep can true tiep toi tan viing nguyen lieu de sly ngo kjp thai, voi muc dich chinh giam gia san pham giam chi phi van chuyen ma vln dam bao dugc chat Iugng t6t cua hat TAP CHl CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 20 - 2015 55 J KHOA H O C - CONG N G H E IL VAT LIEU, PHU'ONG PHAP VA THIET BI NGHIEN Ciru - Vgt lieu nghien ciiu: Vat Heu nghien cun a day la ngo hat sau te/thu hoach co dp am tu 22 - 30% (hinh 1) Cu the nghien cim da ki§m tra cac thong s6 cho thdy, ngo hat co dp am 26% va khoi lugng rieng 750 kg/m^ - Thiet bi nghien ciru: Clu tao cua thiet bi thi nghiem (may sly ng6 di dpng) dugc thl hien tren hinh May Iam viec theo nguyen ly sau; Nguyen Heu dugc nap vao theo phlu nap lieu roi dugc canh gat dua nguyen lieu len phia tren ciia khoang chu'a lieu va dugc nap dly khoang chira li?u Hinh Vgt lieu ngo hgt te sau thu hogch Phuffng phdp nghien cuu: Sir dung phuong phap tham thao cac tai lieu tren cac nguon khac Sir dung phucmg phap nghien cihi thuc nghiem va xet su anh huong luu lugng gio anh huong toi thai gian say va khoi lugng nhien heu dot cua he thong say di dpng tu hanh, sur dung cac thiet bi va danh gia bang cam quan ve mau sac cua san pham say - Thiet bi do: Thiet bj the hien tren hinh bao gom; - Do khoi lugng bang can co dong ho chi thi; - Do thai gian bang dong ho bam gia; - Do dien ap va d6ng dien bang ampe kim; - Do dp am san pham bang may dp am PA 400 va may dp am; - Do luu lugng blng ding h i gio va ap suat; - Do nhiet d6 blng siang bin nhiet va can nhiet hien thi Hinh 2, Cdc thiit bi duac sir dting thi nghiem (photo by RIAM) a- Can b^n, b- Sung ban nhi?t dp.c- D6ng h6 luu lirong & ^p, d- Cac bign t^n diSu khien, e- Ampe kim, f- M^y d? im, g- May do im hat PA 400 56 ////// ?/77// Hinh Sa nguyen ly, kit cdu mdy sdy ngo di dong Sau nguyen lieu dugc nap dly bit diu cap tac nhan say, tac nhan say dugc dua vao khoang chura tac nhan say, sau se di qua sang phia ben khoang chua lieu lam nong hat va keo am vat lieu say a buong chira lieu di ben ngoai moi truong Trong qua trinh sly canh gat dugc di chuyln Hen tuc nha dong ca va bp phan vit dao lieu hoat dgng dua lieu tir khoang chiia lieu xuong duoi va dugc canh gat keo len phia tren cua may, chu ky cur lap di lap lai nhu vay Qua trinh dien Hen tuc su6t qua trinh sdy Dilu lam cho ngo dugc dao trgn lien tuc do san pham say xong c6 dp dong deu cao Ngoai may sly ng6 c6n dugc lap tren he thong banh xe de dang dugc v^n chuyen tir khu vuc loi khu vuc khac dl sly III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Kit qud tinh todn thiit bi De tinh toan va thilt k l theo dau bai: NSng suat may sly ngo: G2 = 750kg/me Dp Im ng6 TAP CH! CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 20 - 2015 KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE sau thu hoach: wi = 26% Do am can dat duoc de bao quan: coa = 13% Khoi luong rieng: p = 750 kg/me Buong say (hinh 4): The tich may say can Hu = l8000kJ/kg nhien lieu, thi lugng loi ngo ly thuyet can cung cap cho me say la: mi,= Q/Huih (kg) - Voi hieu suat ciia 16 hoa la 68% se tim dugc lugng lot ngo thuc te can cung cap thiSt chua vat lieu la: V=—^ = '-— = 1,18 m' cho me say ' p 750 Tinh quat say : Tinh toan thu dugc Ap = 645,82N/ra^ va ltru lugng v,b = 8080,29m^/h Dua vao thi hinh 13 thi dac tuyen cua quat [3] chgn voi ap suat Ap= 645,82N/m^ va luu lugng Vib = 8080,29m^/h chgn dugc quat li tam U4-70 N''3, CO CO = 220 rad/s; hieu suat quat 7,.= 0,7 Hinh Kel cdu buong sdy vd may sdy dd che Igo - The ti'ch thuc ciia may say: - Cong suat cua quat: [3] A^ = —^^^—kW 102J7^ Trong do: 1,475 m' " g) 0,8 u - Luu Iugng quat, m^/s Ap - Ap suat toan phan ciia quat, mmH20 - Chon chieu cao trung binh cua buong say la H = 1200mm, xac dinh cac kich thuac Chpn dpng CO Viet Hung co so v6ng quay chieu dai L, chieu rong W cua may say nhu sau: n =1450 v6ng/phut; N =2,2kW =>LxW-1,475/1,2- 1,23 m^ta sirdung Sau tinh loan, ket qua tinh toan dugc the moi quan he giira chieu dai va rong sau: hien tren bang L = 1,5xW xac dmh dugc: W - 0,93 m; Bdng Bdng sd lieu cdc thong so ciia mdy sdy ngo di dong L = 1,36m; chpn cac kich thuoc W= 1000 mm; L = 1400 mm TT Ten noi dung Gia trj Vay kich thuoc co ban cua buong say dugc The tich buong say, m"* 1,5 Chieu dai buong say, m ly:a chon, tinh loan la: Chieu dai x rong x cao 1,4 Chieu rpng buong say, m 1,0 (LxWxH) mm = (1400 x 1000 x 1200) mm 1,2 Lugng tieu thu nhien lieu dot cho qua trinh sSy Chieu cao buong say, m Nhiet lugng cho me say, kJ 497.699,8 Vai khoi lugng nguyen lieu va dp am vao Khoi lugng nhien lieu dot, kg 39,5 va dp Im sau sdy ciing vai kich thuoc buong say Cong suat quat, kW 2,2 tinh dugc nhiet lugng nhiet cSn thiet Q = Luu lugng quat, m'lh 8.080,0 497699,81kJ Tinh dugc lugng nhien lieu d6t Ap suat quat, N/m'' 645,0 cho qua trinh say Lugng tieu thu sinh khoi ciia 16 hoa = 3.2 Ket qud thi nghiem Lugng tieu thu nang lugng nhiet / Nhiet tri cua 3.2.1 Anh hudng cUa nhiet tdc nhdn sdy ldi thdi gian vd khdi lucmg nhien lieu dot sinh khoi De xac dinh anh huang ciia nhiet dp toi cac - Nhien Heu sir dung cho 16 hoa la loi yeu to nhu thoi gian say va khoi lugng nhien ngo (vai Hu =16-18 MJ/kg), chpn: TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 20 -2015 57 KHOA HOC - CONG NGHf lieu dot moi me GiQ' nguyen luu lugng cung va khoi lugng nhien lieu d6t Tren bang thg chp TNS va quy trinh say giu nguyen chi thay hien ket qua ciia moi me siy va thoi gian cho me d6i nhiet dp TNS cho m6i me say se xac dinh say va khoi lugng nhien lieu d6t cho me say dugc anh huong cua nhietj dp tai thai gian say Bdng Bdng s6 lieu dnh huang ciia nhiel ldi thai gian sdy vd khoi luang nhien lieu ddt TT Nhiet TNS T ("C) Thai gian say (h) Khoi lugng nhien lieu dot cho me m (kp) 50 9.47 47,24 70 8,13 44.62 90 7,5 42,29 no 6,67 44,04 Nhan biet ve cam quan - Hgt ngo c6 mau v^ng sam Be m&t hgt ngo c^ng, nhln be mtlt Hgt ngo thom Hgt ngo c6 mSu v^ng sam Be m$l hgt ngo cang, nhan bS mat Hgt ngo thom Hat ngo CO mau v^ng Sam Be m j l hgt ngo cang, nhan b^ mSt Hal ngfi thom Hal ngo CO mau vang sam Be mat hgt ngo khong dugc nhln bong bk mat Hat ngo thom, nhung chua toi hien tugng don Dua vao so lieu bang ve thi anh huang cua nhiet dp vai khoi lugng nhien lieu dot va thoi gian say cho m5i me say the hipn tren hinh dugc nhan, bong be mat Hat ngo thom, nhimg chua toi hien tugng d6n Nhu vay khong the l\ra chpn nhiet dp say a lO'^C Chpn nhiet dp say li4aii>'nhitMtUcfihinitv,inM niin •tyvtuturwD 90°C tai nhiet dp say thai gian say 7,5 h; khoi lugng niiien lieu dot 42,29 kg Ve cam quan hat ngo co mau vang sam, be mat hat ngo cang, nhan be mat, hat ngo tham 3.2.2 Anh hudng ciia liru luang tdc nhd sdy tdi thai gian sdy vd luang nhien lieu dot De xac dinh anh huong cua luu lugng tac nhan say den khoi lugng nhien lieu dot va thoi Hinh Mdi quan he nhiet sdy ldi thai gian gian say cho moi me say giit nguyen nhiet say va cac che dp say khac giu' nguyen chi tha) sdy vd khoi luang nhien lieu tieu thu Nhan xet: Khi tang nhiet dp ciia timg me lim lugng tac nhan say cho moi me say tCr su say len thi thai gian say giam xuong Lugng thay doi tim moi quan he giua Iuu lugng nhien lieu dot cung giam dan cho toi mot nhiet TNS voi khoi lugng nguyen lieu dot va thoi dp sdy nhat dinh roi lai tang len Tren thi ta gian say Khi thay doi luu Iugng tac nhan say tir 500C nhan thiy rang tang nhiet tir 50"C toi ^ khoi lugng nhien lieu giam xuong tir 47,24 kg ^ 10000 m^/h moi me siy voi luu lugng khac tai 42,29 kg, tang nhiet tir 90°C len nliau vai 5000 m^/h, 7000 m^/h, 8500 m^/h lO^C khoi lupng nhien lieu dot lai tang len tir 10000 m^/h va giii- nguyen nhiet dp TNS a 90 \ thu dirge bang 42,29 kg tai 44,04 kg Bang th^ hten anh huang ciia tac nhan sdj Neu nhu ket qua van co the nhan nhiet dp say la 110°C Nhung siy 110"C, hat tai thai gian siy va khoi lugng nhien lieu ngo CO mau vang sam Be mat hat ngo khong cua moi me say 58 TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 20 - 201! KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Dua vao bang co th^ ve d6 thj moi quan he lugng nhien lieu dot the hien tren hinh Iuu lugng tac nhan say toi thoi gian say va khoi Bdng Bdng sd lieu dnh huang Uru hr(mg TNS ldi thdi gian fdy vd khoi Immg nhien lieu ddt TT Luu lugng TNS V (mVh) Th&i gian s3y t(h) Khoi lirgng nhien lieu dot cho mem (kg) 5000 10,03 55,05 7000 8,32 45,48 8500 7,5 42,29 10000 6,83 30,27 - Nhan biet ve cam quan H^t ngo CO mau vSng sam Be mat hat ngo cSng, nhSn bk Hat ngo therm Heit ngfl CO mau vang sam Be mat hat ngo cang, nhln bk Hat ngo therm Hat ngfl c6 m^u vang sam, Be mat hat ngo cang, nhan b£ Hat ngo tham Hat ngo CO mau vang sam Be mat hat ngfl cang nh3n bS Hat ngfl thom mat mat mat mat Nhan xet: Khi tang luu lugng gio len ma cho may say di dpng tu hanh voi nhiet dp T = nhiet dp say khong thay doi thai gian say cung 90*'C, luu luang cip v = 8500m^/h giam dan va khoi lupng nhien lieu cung giam Vai nhiet dp say va luu lugng cap lira chpn r6i lai tang nhu tren thi Neu ta chpn luu thoi gian say mpt me say t = 7,5h va nhien lugng gio qua se gay len hien tugng that thoat lieu dot cho mpt me say m = 42,29 kg nhiet moi truang, gay ton nhien lieu dot lam San pham ngo sau say co mau vang sam, anh huang toi chi phi cho kg san pham Khi be mat hat ngo cang, nhan be mat, hat ngo tham luu lugng gio qua thap khong du Iuu lugng de Da tinh toan va thiet ke he thong say ngo tu mang hai am di ben ngoai lam cho thai gian hanh theo cac thong so tinh toan sau: siy tang len va gay lang phi nhien lieu dot Lira - Nang suat mpt me say Qt = 746 kg chpn thong s6 toi uu cho qua trinh say vira lam - Nhiet dp siy t = 90°C thai gian say giam xuong tiet kiem cac chi - Thai gian say T = 7,5 (h) phi ca wk nhien lieu dot va chi phi dien nang - Nhien lieu dot tieu thu cho mpt me say DiSu lam giam gia say cho kg san pham m, = 42,29 kg Tai lieu tham khao I ' Hinh Moi quan he luu luang gio tai thdi gian sdy vd nhien lieu dot IV KET L U ^ Qua nghien cuu anh huang cua nhiet dp va luu lugng tac nhan say lira chon dugc thong so [ I ] KROLL, K (1978): Trocknungstechnik, Trockner und Trocknungsverfahren Zweiler Band Springerveriag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1978 [2] TOMAS, J (2015) Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik Skript zur Vorlesung Universitat Magdeburg, Deutschland [31 Tran Van Phii (2002): Tinh loan va thiSt ke h? thflng sSy, nh^ xuat ban giao due [4] Hoing van Chuac (2006): Thiet kl h? thflng thilt bi say, nha xuit ban khoa hgc va kJ thuat [5] Nguyen Van May (1997): Bom, quat, miy nen, NXB khoa hoc ky thuat Ha Npi Ngay n h a n bai: 15/11/2015 Ngay p h a n bi?n: 05/12/2015 Ngiroi p h a n bien: PGS.TS Chu Van Thien, Vien CO dien Nong nghiep \'a Cong ngjie sau thu hoach TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 20 - 2015 59 ... lugng nhiet / Nhiet tri cua 3.2.1 Anh hudng cUa nhiet tdc nhdn sdy ldi thdi gian vd khdi lucmg nhien lieu dot sinh khoi De xac dinh anh huang ciia nhiet dp toi cac - Nhien Heu sir dung cho 16 hoa... luang tdc nhd sdy tdi thai gian sdy vd luang nhien lieu dot De xac dinh anh huong cua luu lugng tac nhan say den khoi lugng nhien lieu dot va thoi Hinh Mdi quan he nhiet sdy ldi thai gian gian... tac nhan say, sau se di qua sang phia ben khoang chua lieu lam nong hat va keo am vat lieu say a buong chira lieu di ben ngoai moi truong Trong qua trinh sly canh gat dugc di chuyln Hen tuc nha