Làm mát khí tăng áp cho động cơ diesel tàu thủy bằng phương pháp làm lạnh hấp thụ

NGHIEN cflu-TRAOeOl LAM MAT KHI TANG AP CHO DONG CO DIESEL TAU THUY BANG PHU'ONC PHAP LAM LANH HAP THU COOLING THE INLET MR FOR MARINE ENGINE BY ABSORPTION COOLING METHOD TS Vii Ngoc Khilm, KS Nguyen Qudc Tuan Trfldng Dai hpc Cdng nghe Giao thdng Van tai Ndng lUdng cua xd dgng cd diesel tdu thuy td ldu da dddc tdn dung de van hdnh cdc thilt nhu tua bin xd vd ndi hdi xd nhdm ndng cao hieu sudt sd dung nhiin lieu Boi vdi cdc dgng c diesel tdu thuy cd ldn, sdn lUdng hdi cua ndi hdi xd la rdt ddi ddo thddng dddc dung vdo nhieu dich nhd: Hdm ddu dot, ve sinh bdo dudng thiit hi, phuc vu sinh hogt Bdi bdo di xudt mgt hddng viec sd dung ngudn ndng Iddng ndy Bd Id ldm mdt khdng tdng dp cho dgng CO bdngph phdp ldm Ignh hdp thu sd dung ngudn ndng Iddng cua ndi hdi xd ABSTRACT The energy ofthe exhaust gas from marine diesel engines has long been utilized to operate equ such as exhaust gas turbines and exhaust gas boilers to improve fuel efficiency For large marine engines, steam output of the exhaust gas boiler is high and is often usedfor many purposes such as h oil, cleaning and maintaining equipment and for life activities The paper proposes a new way of t advantage of this source of energy That is to cool the boosted gas for engine by absorption cooling usingenergy of exhaust gas boiler DAT VAN DE khdng dfla vio xi lanh, ddng CO khdng phat huy hit cdng suit Tang ap cho ddng cd diesel la phflong phip dflng may nen dfloc dan ddng bang tua bin xi dl nen khdng trfldc nap vio xi lanh cua ddng cts Giii phip niy, thflc chat la tang Iflong khdng nap vi qua dd ting Ifldng nhiln lieu dfldc ddt chiy xi lanh Kit qua li lim ting cdng suit cua ddng ca Tuy nhiln, nen khdng khi, nhilt dp khdng nen se ting lln Dilu niy dan den hau qui khdng tdt la lim giam ty trpng cua dfloc nap, tflc li giim trpng Ifldng ^ Q TAP CHl CO KHl VIET NAM •!• Dl giim thieu anh hfldng xau trin, viec lim mit he thdng tang ap li cin thilt Cd nhilu phflong phip lam mat tang ap Ddi vdi dOng co diesel tau thuy tang ap cd the dfldc lim mat trflc tilp bang nfldc biln hoac lim mit theo hai vdng tuan hoin Lflc niy he thdng lam mat se dfldc trang bi mdt td hop bdm nfldc man vi bom nfldc ngpt Ddi vdi he dong lflc diesel tau thuy, cdng suit cua td hdp bdm niy cd thi tfl den Sd (Thing nam 2013) NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO e(!)l tren dfldi 10 KW tfly thudc vdo tdi trpng efla tau hap thu (MLHT) tan dyng nhilt xd cd the sfl TVong dd, dpng eo diesel tau thuy dflpc lap dung cae phflong an lay nhiet trflc tilp tfl khf xd trin nhflng tau trpng tai ldn thi xa ddng sau da qua tua bin - mdy nen hodc sdn Iflpng CO thai cd Iflu Iflpng rat ldn Ap sudt vd nhiet nhiet tfl ndi hoi xd Theo tinh todn so bd vl dp cdn khd cao, mang theo ngudn nang Iflpng sdn lupng hoi cua ndi hoi va cdc nhu cau sfl dung ldn thai ngodi Ngudn nang Iflpng chiem hoi tren tdu thfly thi viec lfla chpn nhiet tfl ndi hoi khodng 20% d i n 25% tong Iflpng nhiet cap vao de cung cap cho MLHT id phfl hpp hon vi ngodi cho dpng CCS Lflpng xa sau da qua tuabin viee san Iflpng hoi cua ndi hoi hoan todn dam bdo xd dflpc dUa vao ndi hoi xd San lUpng hoi cdng suat cho MLHT thi viec van hdnh MLHT thu dupe tfl noi hoi la rat ddi ddo, thfldng dflpc ciing dn dinh hon, dam bdo an todn vd ehu ky ve dung vao nhieu myc dich: ham ddu ddt, ve sinh sinh thiet bi cung dai hon so vdi sfl dyng trflc bao dfldng thiet bi, phuc vu sinh hoat Vdi muc tiep nhi^t Iflpng xa ddng eo tieu khai thac triet de ngudn nang Iflpng thai, tren the gidi cung nhfl nfldc da cd nhieu Nhu cau lam mat cho nen tang dp nghiin cflu flng dyng ngudn nang Iflpng ndy de dpng CO diesel tdu thuy vao khoang tfl 95 - 125"C van hdnh may Igjih kieu hap thu Mpt sd xudng 35- 55''C la khdng qud sdu nen ta cd the lfla CO the flng dung cho mdy lanh hap thy de lam mdt chpn loai may lanh hap thy cap Cap mdi chdt tdng dp cdng tac cd the lfla chpn Id BrLi - H^O vi cap mdi chdt ndy khdng gdy ddc, ddm bdo cac chi tieu ve tfNG DUNG THIET BI L A M LANH KIEU mdi trUdng, ddng thdi ylu cdu vl nhiet dd ngudn HAP THU DE L A M M A T KHi TANG A? nhiet cap cho thilt bi sinh hoi thap (cd the thap din 80''C) phu hpp vdi nhiet dd hoi nfldc cua ndi Ldm lanh kilu hap thu la phuong phap hoi xd lim lanh da cd tfl ldu ddi nhflng gan day mdi dflpc chu y trd l^i nhflng Uu diem rat d?ic thu cua phflong phdp ndy la dung nhiet ndng de lam lanh va dflpc van hdnh vdi nhflng cdng chat thdn thien vdi mdi trUdng So sdnh vdi phUPng phap ldm lanh bang may nen, d phuong phdp ldm Iginh hap thy, ngUdi ta thay qua trinh nen hoi mdy nen bdng binh hap thy de hdp thy hoi radi chat d ap suat thdp thdnh dung dich rdi dung bom (tieu t6n rat it cdng suat so vdi phflong phdp dflng may nen hoi) dfla dung dich lln binh tdch hoi d dp sudt Hinh I Thiit bi ldm lanh khdng BrLi - Hfl cao hon de tao hoi d dp suat D l thflc hien dupc qua trinh nay, may l ^ h hap thy phai CO mOt cap mdi chdt la chat tai l^nh va chat hap 2.2 Tinh toan may lanh hap thu tan dung nhilt thy Dac dilm cfla cap mdi chat la d eung mdt ndi hoi xd ap suat thi nhiet dp sdi hodn toan khdc Chdt CO nhi?t dp sdi thap dflpc dung ldm chat tai lanh, 2.2.1 Nhiet lUang can thiit dildm mdt tdng chat khdng sdi dUpc gpi la chdt hap thy Cap mdi dp chift thdng dyng thudng dung ngdy la cap mdi De tinh todn MLHT tan dyng nhilt ndi chat NHj - Hp va cap mdi chat BrLi - Hp hoi xa trfldc het ta phdi xac dinh cdc thdnh 2.1 Lfla chpn phUOng an Iam lanh hap thu tan phan nhiet Iflpng nhfl; xa cua dpng co, nhiet lupng cua ndi hoi vd cdc nhu cau dung hOi tren dvng nhiet xa tdu thuy Cae thdng sd tinh toan cho MLHT bao Bi cung cdp ndng Iflpng van hdnh may lanh gdm cae thdng sd cfla bau ngflng va bau sinh hoi TAP CHi CO KHi VlfiT NAM •t* Sd (Thdng ndm 2013) NGHIEN Cflu-TRAOBdi bau bay hdi va bau h i p thu, thiet bi hdi nhilt, Iflu Iflong dung dich tuan hoan, nhi^t dd khdi thilt bi hdi nhilt, nhilt dung dich binh smh hdi, nhilt dd ngflng tii, nhilt bay h d i C h l dd tinh t o i n dfldc lfla chpn l i c h l dp 80% va 90% tii cua dpng cd vi diy la cic c h l dp l i m vile on dinh va thfldng xuyIn cila ddng co t i u thuy G ^ = G , , ( a , G „ + l)(l«/h) (1.1) G^- Iflong tilu hao n h i l n lieu cfla ddng co chinh, kg/h; Uj - he sd dfl Iflpng khdngidii thflc t l ; G - Iflpng khong 1^ thuylt can thilt d l ddt chiy 1kg n h i l n lieu Nhilt Iflpng xa tda Q ^ tmh theo cdng thflc [3]: ' |M«|>«>«M> tJir - G«-Cf "ix-^p At (W) CIK (1.2) + At = t ^ - t^ l i h i l u nhilt dd x i v i o v i ndi hoi + C •": n h i l t dung riing xa C^""" = 1,12 + 1,25 kJ/Kg.dd TMlCt.O| - Tinh todn sdtt ItitSnghdi cita noi hdi ~r- Qm,=QKx^^ (1-3) Trong dd r\^ hilu suit ndi hoi [4], t\^= 0,85 T.kQ« -TmhtodnllMlghlficolhecm^cc^dioMUir Trin t i u thi nhilt Ifldng lay tfl ndi hoi dflpc p h i n bd va sfl dung nhfl sau [4]: Tk^tiMJB Cung cdp cho hi thong hdm ddu ddt cho ddng cd chinh [W] •B^