NGHIEN CU> NQHIEN CCJfa THIET KE Vfi CHE T^O MfiY TfiCH THIT BO Dang Thien Ngdn', Nguyin Minh Huy' 'Trudng Dai hpc Sd pham Ky thudt Tp H6 Chi Minh 'TrUdng Cao dang nghe Hdng Hdi Tp H6 Chi Minh TQM TAT Trong ddy chuyen sdn xud't ddu bd thi cdng doqn tdch bd hqt vd vd bd deed dUdc thit bd Id cdng doan rdt quan trong, nhUnghiin tqi hodn todn dUdcthUchiin thu cdng Cdeh thdc tdch thitbd gdy mdt ve sinh an todn thUc phdm, ndng sudt khdng cao vd phu thugc vdo tay nghi cdng nhU sd lU cdng nhdn Bdi bdo gidi thiiu cdc ket qud dat dUdc nghiin cUu vd che tqo mdy tdch hqt vd vd cung cdp ngudn nguyin liiu thit bd cho ddy chuyin sdn xudt ddu bd qui md cdng nghiep Tii khda: ddu bd, thit bd, hqt bd, vo bd, mdy tdch hqt ABSTRACT In the avocado oil production, the removing of the avocado skins and stones (seed) is a very im tant stage due to their high content of flesh that contains high levels of oil However, in Vietnam, thi currently has been conducted manually The productivity therefore is offen very low With this m the quality of avocado flesh depends greatly on the individidual's skill and may not meet the hygien standards This paper presents the research results on the development of avocado pulper machine for industrial avocado oil production Keywords: avocado oil, avocado flesh, removing the skins and stones, pulper machine GIOI THIEU Bo sap Id mdt loai bo cho nhieu thit vd cd ham lUpng tinh ddu cao dUpc trdng rat nhieu d Tay Nguyen [1], la ngudn nguyen lieu ddi ddo cung cap cho nganh Cdng nghiep San xuat Dau bo Trong day chuyen san xuat dau bo, qua trinh tach hat va vd trai bo la mdt cdng doan rat quan trpng, nhPng hien tai hoan todn dUpc thdc hien ^ TAP CHf CO KHf VlfiT NAM • thu cdng gay mat v? sinh an toan thUc phdm, nang suat khdng cao va phu thupc vao tay nghe ciing nhu sd lupng cdng nhdn Do vgy, d^n mua vu, bo nguyen lieu dd thda mpt phan ddpc cung cap cho thi trddng sd dung lam thUc pham tdoi (thdc uong, rau trdn, ) vd phan cdn Iai ddpc dimg cho gia sue an hoac bd gay lang phi ngu6n nguydn li?u vd ldm giam gia tri trdi bo Do dd, vi?c nghifin cdu, phat trien may tach thit bo de nang cao ndng Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN ClJU-TRAO 061 suat che bi^n dau bo, dat chuan ve sinh an toan thdc phdm, sd dpng hieu qua nguon nguyen lieu bo doi dao Id mpt dg tai thpc tiln vd cap thia Trdi bo ndi chung, bo sap ndi rieng, la loai trdi cd nhieu kich cd ldn nhd va bien dang khac nhu trdn, bau due va hat cung cd nhieu kich thddc rat khdc Vi vay, mdy tach thit bo phdi ddpc thiet ke de cd the tach hat vd vd vdi cac bien dang va kich cd khac cua trdi bo nguyen li^u (hinh 1) hien nhU sau: r ' Ba nia - \ | Cat ddi ' sach -y\ ydi bo Tdch hat Bd vd I Hinh 2: Nguydn Iy tdch thjt bo Ngodi ra, Cdng ty Avopulper Inc [4l ciing gidi thieu mpt he thdng ddy chuydn dpng khep kin de tach thit bo vd san xuat dau bO qui md cdng nghidp Mpt nguyen ly tach vd bo va ^p thit bo de lay ddu bo dUpc d6 cdp den cdng trinh nghien cdu ciia TrUdng Dai hpc SU pham Ky thuat Tp Hd Chi Minh [51, d day thit bo va mpt phan dau bo dupc tach khdi vd bO bang vit ep cd bUdc thay doi (hinh 3) L = 95 - 120 mm, = 55 - 60 mm D = 60 - 80 mm, d = 25 - 40 mm Hinh 1: Trai bo sap va kich thUdc [61 Dpng CO Trucep Bp truyen dai Buong ep Hpp giam toe Gda thoat ba Phlu cap lieu Mang chda dau Hinh 3: Tach v6 bd va ep dau NGUYfiN LY HOAT D O N G CUA THIET BI Tach bd hat va vd bo de cd dope thit bo la mdt cdng viec khd khan nhieu nguyen nhan: - Trdi bo cd bien dang va kich cd rat khac - Hat b a dinh vdi thit bo phai dung lUc de lay hat khdi thit bo - Thit bo dinh chac vao vd De tach bd hat va vd bO cac tac gia Paredes, Moore [2, 3] da de nghi nguyen ly thpc Khi hoat ddng, nguyen Ueu ddpc dUa vao pheu cap lieu (4), nhd tac dung cua true ep (5) nguydn lieu di chuyen dpc theo true ep, tryc ep cd dudng kinh thay doi nen dp suat tao budng ep cd xu hudng tdng dan, td dd tao dp ldc de tach pha ran vd pha long nguyen li^u ra, chay xudng mang chda dau (8) Tuy nhi^n, khuyet diem eda nguyen ly la bo phai ddpc cat ddi va tach hat thu cdng Ngodi ra, hdn hpp ldng thu dUpc (thit bo va dau bo) can phai ddpc che bien tiep tuc de cd dupc dau bo dat chat lUpng yeu cau ^ TAP CHf CO KHI VlfiT NAM V Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN CtfU-TRAO D O I Qua phdn tich nguyen ly tdch thjt bO cua Paretics, Moore [2, 3], tai lieu gidi thi?u thiet bi cua Cdng ty Avopulper Inc [4] vd thiet bi sdn xudt dau bo thi nghiem ciia Trddng D^i hpc Sd phgm Ky thudt Tp Hd Chi Minh [5], chung tdi de xuat nguyen ly thiet ke va che tao may tach thit bO nhU hinh ldm hai phan ddpc trinh bdy d hinh Hai bang tdi (3) hoat dpng nhd hai dpng co dipn cd gan hpp gidm tdc di^u chinh d tdc dp 50 vdng/phdt mang trdi bo d^n lUdi cdt Ludi cdt (4) dat d cudi hanh trinh ciia bang tdi dflpc ndi trflc tiep vdi dpng ca vdi s6 vdng quay 700 vdng/phut cd chfle ndng cat trai bo ldm phdn, sau dd mdi nfla trai bo se di vdo ca cau vdn chuydn Vdt li^u ldm khung Id thep khdng gi SUS 304/304L (INOX 304) de ddm bao an todn v^ sinh thdc pham va chdng oxy hda Cum cSt trdi bo Cum dan hUdng Cum ep hat va thjt bfl Hinh 4: Nguyen ly hoat dpng ciia mdy tach thit bo Nguyen ly boat ddng may tach thit bo dupc tdm tat nhU sau: trai bo td pheu cap lieu (hoac dupc cdng nhan cap lieu) di vao cum (1) (cum cat ddi qua bo) Trdi bo dUpc bang tdi bd tri hinh chfl V van chuyen vao vung cat va bi cat lam ddi nhd co cau ep va lUdi dao cat dat d cudi hai bang tdi Sau trdi bo bi cat lam ddi nhd tam dan, roi up mat dUpc cat xudng cum (2) (cum dan hUdng) va dUoc bang tdi van chuyen, dan hudng den cum (3) (cum ep hat va thit bo) Nda trai bo ndy dflpc dan vao cO cau ep (gdm xich dflpc bd tri hinh chfl V ngang vda dan ddng vfla ep) de tach hat va sau dd ep tach thit bo nhd khoang each gifla hai ma xich cdng thu nhd lai cho den khoang each chi du cho vd bo khdi cO cau ep CAC T H A N H P H A N CHfNH CUA True tang bang tai Ludi dao cdt Goidd True dao Bang tai Chot a) So d6 nguyen ly cym cdt trai bO Toiig pp bo MAY TACH THIT BO Litoi cit 3.1 Cum cat trdi bo Cum cat trai bo cd nhiem vu cat trdi bo TAP C H l CO KHl VI$T NAM b) Cum cat trdi bfl Hinh 5: Nguydn ly thiet ke vd cum cat trdi bd S6 (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO D(!)l 3.2 Cum dan hfldng Cum dan hUdng bo dUpc minh hoa d hinh Cum dan hfldng la noi nhan nfla trai bo td cum cat trai bo va cd nhi?m vu dan hudng cdc mdnh trai bo den co cau ep hat vd thit bo Trai bO sau cat Idm manh, moi mdt manh se lan theo tam dan vd lat up xuong m^t bang tdi, dUpc bang tdi dan hfldng van chuyen den co cau tdch hat vd thit bo ben, nfla trdi bo dd dflpc tach hat tiep tuc di chuyen vao vung ep Khi den vung ep cac ma xich se ep thit bo roi vd vd bo dflpc gifl lai tiep tuc di chuyen cho tdi cudi hanh trinh cua xich va roi vdo thung chda Mat cua xich dflpc gan cac ma xich lam bang vat lieu INOX 304, tren moi ma xich ta dap them cac ranh d^ tang dp ma sat, lam cho nfla trai bo khdng bj roi xudng va di chuyen ngang de dang Mil \ u l i Lep Il.iii liumi^j I'.IIIL: I.II —i—,—a—i, ', I bo ; — , • TT • I'M'IIIL: (.11 li.iii liuon-j il-ilikjjL •_ (-' ^•'''•' -' Tim ini O — H a t bo a) So d6 nguyen ly ccf cau ep hat va thit bo Thjt b o Nfia trai bo Manh hat b o a) So nguyen ly cum dan hUPng b) Cum ep hat va thit bo Hinh 7: Nguyen ly thiet ke va cum ep hat va thit bo KET LUAN b) Gum dan hUdng cho cum ep hat va thit bo Hinh 6: Nguyen Iy thi^t ke va cum dan hfldng 3.3 Cum ep hat vd thit bO Cum ep hat va ep thit bo (hinh 7) nh^n lieu la nfla trai bo bang tai chuyen den Khi nda trdi bo di vao vung tach hat se ddpc dao mdc va tach hat khdi nda trdi bo Nhd xich bd tri Bdi bdo gidi thieu viec thiet ke va che tao mdy tach thit bo May da dflpc che tao vd kiem nghiem dat yeu cau ky thuat (hinh 8) Trong thdc te, chung ta cd the phdt trien day chuyen san xuat dau bo vdi sfl ddng gdp cua mdy tach thit bo giup tdch thit bo hoan toan tU dpng, giup dam bdo ve sinh an toan thflc pham, giam chi phi nhdn cdng vd cho phep tfl dpng hda day chuyen sdn xuat • "^ TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM V Sd (Thdng nam 2012) NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO B O I a) Cym cdt trai b b) Cijm dan huong va ci^m ep h?t va ihjt bo Hinh 8: Mdy tach thjt bo dlioc che tgio thii nghiem NgUM phan bi$n: PGS.TS Tnlong Ngpc Thuc Tai lieu tham khao: [1] MPI-GTZ SME Development Program, Analysis of the Dak Lak Avocado Chain, Fresh Studio Innovations Asia Ltd., 2006 [2| Paredes H R M., Oehler R E., Method of Processing Avocados, US Patent Application Publication, 2009 [3] Richard E Moore, Avocado Pulper, US Patent Application Publication, 2010 [4] Avopulper Inc., Avopulper - Automating The Pulping Process, Avopulper Inc., 2011 [5] Nguyin HOu Dat DUOng Binh Nam (HD), Nghien citu thift ke thift bi tdch dau bO, B6 in Tfit nghiep, TrUOng Dai hoc SU pham Ky thujt Tp H6 Chi Minh, 2011 [6] Nguyin Mmh Huy, D^ng thifn Ngon (HD), Nghiin cilu thift kl vd chl t?o mdy tdch thit bO, Luan van Tot nghiep TrUcmg Dai hoc SU pham Ky thujt Tp H« Chi Minh, 2012 T^CHlCOKHlVltTNAM • S6 (Thing nam 2012)