Tối ưu hoá góc sắc và độ cứng theo tuổi bền trong chế tạo dao phẳng sử dụng cho ngành công nghiệp giấy việt nam

NGHIEN ciiu-TRAODOI Toi l/u hoa goc sac va cufng theo tuoi ben t r o n g d i e t a o dao phang suf dung CHO ncflnw cone ncwicp CIAY VIET flfln (*) NGUYEN DINH MAN T R A N Q U O C HUNG TOM TAT: Bai bao trinh bay viec toi du hoa thong so dau vao la goc sac va dp cdng, nham dat chi tieu dau la tuoi ben cua dao I6n hdn 180 phut, che tao dao phang bang thep hop kim 9XC, sCr dung cho nganh cong nghiep Giay Viet Nam Mo hinh thdc nghiem ddOc phan tfch bang phu'ong phap phan tich phddng sai (ANOVA - Analysis Of Variance) Cac thi nghiem ddpe thiet ke j va phan tich bang phan mem MinitablS Ket qua ddOc kiem chd'ng bang thdc nghiem cho thay ket qua cua mo hinh rat phu hpp vdi thdc te DAT VAN DE Dao phang ranb cdn kin (ggi tat la dao) lap vao may dao bam cay nguyen lieu nganh cdng nghiep Giay pbai thay tbe thudng xuyen Vi vay, viec nghien euu ehe lao dao duge nhieu nba may Ca kbi het sue quan lam Nhung thong tin cho nghien ciru che tgo dao: Vat lieu cbe tao dao; ibcp bgp kim 9XC; Dao duge lap vao ma\' dao bam gd keo; Dudng kinb gd keo lu 100 ^ 150 mm; Hinh dang, kich ibudc dao theo mau; Tudi ben eua dao yeu cau ldn ban 180 phiit Ly do; sau nua kip (3 gid) lam viec lien tuc, cdng nban dugc dung may nghi giai lao 30 phiit Day la tbdi diem hgp ly cho viee thao dao may mang di mai va lap dao mdi vao may Yeu cdu ve tinh kinh te vd tuoi ben cua dao: Gia dao hgp ly (cac ca sa su dung chap nhan dugc) Cd nhirng giai phap cdng nghe cho ket cau dao, ludi ben dao phii hgp vdi cae cay nguyen lieu khac (ea> duge nudi trdng, cay mgc ly cay duge trdng d eac •vung dat khac nhau) (*) Tnrimg Cao ding Kmh te- Ky thuat, Dai hoc Thai Nguyen XAY D I T N G M H I N H TOAN HOC BIEU DIEN MOI QUAN HE GIUA THONG SO D A U V A O VA CHI TIEU D A U R A C H O THlTC NGHIEM Chi tieu dau cua dao; Tudi ben ldn hon 180 phut Thong s6 dSu vao: Gdc sSc (3 (do) va cung theo thang HRC Day la hai thdng so dieu khien dugc ed anh hudng nhieu nhat den ludi ben cua dao Gia su, gdc sSc ky hieu la X,; cung theo thang HRC ky hieu la X,; Tudi ben dao ky hieu la T Md hinh bae nhat bieu dien moi quan he giiia thong sd dau vao va ehi lieu dau cua bai toan dugc viet dudi dang; Phuang trinh (1) ed the dugc viet dudi dang ham hdi quy thue nghiem; (2) f = r - £ = 6,, + b^X, + b,X, + b,.X,X, Trong dd, T 1^ gia tri thuc nghiem cua T, s la sai so thi nghiem, b^ b^ va b^ la cac he sd dugc xac dinh lii thuc nghiem So 6-Thang6 nam 2011 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOI Md hinh bac hai dugc phat trien tir phuang trinh (2) cd dang; Composite Design) duge su diing tinh chat dc bd sung cac diem thi nghiem vao thi nghiem loan phan da thirc hien d giai doan trade (3) T = b,+b,X,+b,X._+b,,_X,X,+b,X + Ki^l Cac nghien cuu cho thay, md hinh bac hai cd du chinh xae can thiet de md la vung lan can nhd quanh diem cue In |3J Cdc thiit ki vd thuc hien thi nghiem nhusau: * Thi nghiem leo ddc tim cue tri Thuc nghiem vdi dao duge ehe lao bang thep 9XC eho lha>; tudi ben cua dao > 180 phut gde sac tir 35"-39" va eung theo thang HRC tir 45-49 Da}la hai thdng sd anh huong manh nhat va cd the dieu khien duge de tha\ ddi chi tieu tudi ben ciia dao Thiet ke vd tnen Ichai thi nghiem theo phuong phdp be mdt chi tieu: Mdt thi nghiem loan phan hai mue, hai bien (2-) Md hinh bac hai (3) sc dugc kiem chiing bSng phep phan tich ANOVA va dugc su dung de toi uu hda thdng sd dau vao cho chi tieu tudi ben d dau vdi cac gia In bien thi nghiem duge trinh bay bang Cac thi nghiem theo phuang phap be mat ehi tieu (RSM - Response Surface Methods) duge thiet kc va tnen khai qua hai giai doan ehinh nhu sau [3J; Bang 1: Cac xac lap bien tlii ngliiem Giai dogn I: Leo ddc tim viing cue triTrong giai doan na\, md hinb bac nhat duge su dung de kicm tra xem viing tbi nghiem da d lan can viing chira cue tri chua Sau do, phan tich ANOVA dugc su dung de danh gia chi lieu luang bgp cua md hinb Glai dogn 2: Thi nghiem RSM se dugc tien banh tai viing ehua cue tn dc xay dung md hinb Cac thdng sd tdi uu dugc xac dmh thdng qua khao sat danh gia md hinh da xay dung dugc Trong nghien cuu na>, thiet ke tbi nghiem dang hdn hgp tam xoay (CCD - Central ^"~ .^„^^ Miic Bien ^~~"-~^,^^ Thap nhat Trang binh Cao nhat Ma hda -1 +1 Gde sac (do) 35 37 39 Do cimg (HRC) 45 47 49 De giam sai sd tbi nghiem, cac thi nghiem bien duge lap lan, eac thi nghiem tai tain duge lap lan Ma Iran thi nghiem sau da ma hda va ket qua tudi ben cua dao sau thi nghiem dugc trinh bay bang Bang 2; Ma tran tlii nghiem sau klri dii ma lioa \ a ket qua tuoi ben cua dao Thir tu cac thi nghipin chuan Thir trr thi iigliicin phiin mem quy dinli thuc tlii de dam bao nguyen tac ngau ntiien Diem tlii nghiem tai tiim So khoi thi nglricm Goc sac (do) Do cirng (HRC) Tuoi ben (phiil) 11 1 -1 -1 180 1 +1 -I 210 1 -1 +1 120 1 +1 +1 150 1 -1 -1 195 1 +1 -1 200 10 1 -1 +1 135 1 +1 +1 180 1 0 210 10 0 240 11 0 2.30 Ket qua thi nghiem phan tich bang phan mem Minitabl5 dugc trinh bay a bang TAP CHi c a KHi VIET NAM V So - Tliang niim 2011 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOI Bang 3: Plian tich h6i quy bac nliat va phiin tich phuang sai Factorial Fit; \ versus xl .\2 Estiinated Effects and Coefficienls fory (coded units) (Phan tich hoi quv bac 1) Tenn Coef Effect T S ECoef P 171.25 4.983 34.37 0.000 xl 27.50 13.75 4.983 2.76 0.033 x2 -50.00 -25.00 4.983 -5.02 0.002 5.00 4.983 1.00 0.354 55.42 9.541 5.81 0.001 Constant xl*x2 10.00 ClPt S = 14.0929 Bang 4; Phan tich hoi quy bac nhat va phan tich phuang sai sau loai bo luong lac AB PRESS= 15542.9 Factorial Fit; y versus xl, x2 R-Sq = 91.84% R-Sq(pred ) = 0.00% R-Sq(adj) = 86.40% Analysis of Variance fory (coded units) DF SeqSS Adj SS Adj MS F P 6512.5 6512.50 3256.2 16.40 0.004 Main Effects 2-Way Inter Curvature 6700.4 6700.38 6700.4 33.74 0.001 200.0 200.00 200.0 Residual Error 1191.7 1191.67 198.6 1191.7 1191.67 198.6 Pure Error 1.01 0.354 10 14604.5 Total Theo ket qua phan tich a bang 1, phuong trinh hdi quy cua md hinh bac nhat quan he vao - dugc viet thanh; (4) f = 171,25 + 13,75X, - X + X ^ Tuy nhien, cd the thay, gia In P ciia he sd Xj*X, (Gdc sac nhan Do ciing) la 0.354 ldn ban nhieu so vdi mirc anpha thdng thudng (0,05) Nhu vay, tuong lac cua dai lugng X|*X, den ludi ben khdng dang ke cd the bo qua Dieu eung duge khang dinh mdt lan nira qua bieu Pareto (hinh 1) n nf Uv S< rnWdlTfil F TMh -^'•^^ '- Estimated Effects and Coefficienls for v (coded units) Term (Phan tich ANOVA) Source Tren hinh 1, anh huong cua cac bien gdc sac (ggi la bien A) va cirng (ggi la bien B) deu ldn ban nhieu so vdi mirc thdng thudng (2,447) nhung anh huong tuang tac AB lai rat nhd Loai bd phan luong lac A*B (luong duong vdi Xj*X,) md hinh bac nhat ta cd ket qua phan lich hdi quy va phan tich ANOVA mdi (bang 4) ^ Minh Phiin tich anli huoTia cac bien bans bieu Pareto Effect Constant Coef SECoef 171.25 4.985 34.35 0.000 T P xl 27.50 13.75 4.985 2.76 0.028 x2 -50.00 -25.00 4.985 -5.01 0.002 55.42 9.546 5.81 0.001 Cl Pl S = 14.1000 PRESS =15010.9 R-Sq = 90.47% R-Sq(pred) = 0.00% R-Sq(adj) = 86.39% Analvsis of Variance for v (coded units) Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P Main Effects 6512.5 6512.5 3256.2 16.38 0.002 Curvature 6700.4 6700.4 6700.4 33.70 0.001 Residua] Enor 1391.7 1391.7 Lack of Fit Piue Error Total 200.0 200.0 1191.7 1191.7 198.8 200.0 1.01 0.354 198.6 10 14604.5 Tir bang thay rang; Phan lich hdi quy bien X, va bien X, cd gia In P lAn lugt bing 0,028 va 0,002, deu nhd hon muc anpha 0,05 Dieu chi ring; cac phan cua md hinh hdi quy la cd y nghia Them nira, phan tich ANOVA cho lha>', gia tn P eua Lack of Fit (mirc phii hgp cua md hinh) la 0,354 Mong muon gia tn P cang nhd cang lot Tuy nhien, van co lh8 chap nhan P = 0,354 Dieu cho thay sai so giiia dir lieu thi nghiem va md hinh la ehua hoan hao Phan tich hoi quy va phanrichANOVA sau da loai bo anh hudng ciia tuang tac X|.X, nhu bang Phuang trinh hoi quy dugc viet lai cd dang; (5)f = 171,25 + I3,75X| - ^ Tir phuang trinh (5) thay ring de rien nhanh den viing chua cue tri- la cd the su dung phuang phap leo TAP CHi c a KHi VIET NAM *l* So - Thang nam 2011 NGHIEN CilU - TRAO OOI ddc Box-Wilson [3| \di cac be sd gradient dugc xac dinh theo ty le; X / X , = 13,75/(-25,00) Ndi each khac mdi budc lea ddc neu tang gde sic len 13,75 dan vi thi can giam cirng di (- 25.00) dan vi Trong thi nghiem tren, mdt dan vi gia sd cua gde sic la (do) va dan vi gia so cirng theo thang HRC la De thuan rien cho rien banh thi nghiem, la chgn budc leo ddc cd gia sd eiing HRC la Khi gia so gdc sac la; 13 75 Hmh 2: Tuoi b^n cua dao tai cac buoc thi nghiem leo doc Tien hanh eac thi nghiem leo ddc theo dai budc duge linh theo edng thirc (6), thu dugc ket qua bang Bang 5; Tuoi ben cua dao lai cac budc llii nghiem leo doc (irng vdi dai budc = 1") Budc Do cirng (HRC) Gdc sac (do) Tudi ben (pb) 45 35 180 47 36 240 49 37 150 51 38 150 53 39 120 Tir hinh nhan thay rang; viing chira cue tri nam lan can quanh diem thi nghiem thir cd gdc sac 36° va cirng HRC 47, ludi ben dat 240 phut De cho md hinh du doan diem eire tn, can thiet ke thi nghiem dang hdn hgp lam xoay (CCD - Central Composite Design) ed tam la diem thir (tren hinb 2) Xay dung thiet ke thi nghiem CCD cho nhan td Xj va X., cd eac diem dgc Inrc a = ± 1,4142 dugc thiet lap nhu bang Bang 6; Thiet lap cac thong so tiu ngliicm CCD Til bang thay rang, bat dau tii budc Ibii' tudi ben cua dao thu duge bat dau giam nhanh Dieu cd the dugc quan sal trac quan hon nhd each bicu dicn nhu hinh -a -1 +1 +a Gdc sac 34.2 35 36 37 37.8 Do eiing 44.2 45 47 49 49.8 Lap bang ma Iran tbi nghiem miic cho hai nhan Id (tbi nghiem 2-) vdi lan lap lai cac dinh va lan lai lam ta dugc kcl qua nhu bang Bang 7: Ma tnin thi nghiem \i\ ket qua cua thi nghiem CCD Thii' lu cae thi nghiem chuan -1 10 11 12 13 Thu tu chay cac thi nghiem thue thi 12 11 10 13 Dang diem thi nghiem CCD -1 -1 0 -1 -1 1 0 Sd khdi thi nghiem X, 37.0000 33.0402 37.0000 37.0000 37.0000 40.9598 39.8000 34.2000 34.2000 37.0000 37.0000 39.8000 37.0000 ^2 50.9598 47.0000 47.0000 47.0000 43.0402 47.0000 44.2000 44.2000 49.8000 47.0000 47.0000 49.8000 47.0000 TAP CHi c a KHi VIET NAM V Ket qua eac tbi nghiem dgc trac (T) 150 180 210 225 150 210 180 180 150 210 225 150 210 So - Tliiing niim 2011 c®= NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOI Bang 8; Ket qua phiin tich hoi quy bac \ a phan tich phuang sai ••!»^t ••_£ jcQ a Response Surface Regression; Y versus XI, X2 The analysis was done using coded units 'i-n Estimated Re eression Coefficients for Y Coef SE Coef T Term P 3.388 63.750 0.000 Constant 216.000 XI 9.053 2.679 3.380 0.012 X2 -3.750 2.679 -1.400 0.204 Xi*Xl -10.500 2.873 -3.655 0.008 X2*X2 -33.000 2.873 -11.488 0.000 X1*X2 7.500 3.788 1.980 '- ,~c a -_ r^"' ,TZ A '^/f\ \ 1/ »amJ Hinh 4: Toi mi hoa tuoi ben dao theo goc sac va cimg '-"^'•'•—••^- 0.088 = 7.57630 PRESS = 1359.13 R-Sq = 95.65% R-Sq(pred) = 85.29% R-Sq(adj) = 92.55% Analvsis of Variance for Y Source Regression DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P 8840.5 8840.5 1768.10 30.80 0.000 768.2 384.10 6.69 0.024 Linear 768.2 Square 7847.3 7847.3 3923.65 68.36 0.000 Interaction Residual En-or 225.0 225.0 225.00 3.92 0.088 401.8 401.8 57.40 Lack-of-Fil 131.8 131.8 43.93 0.65 0.623 Pure Error 270.0 270.0 67.50 Total 12 9242.3 Can cir ket qua phan lich hdi quy bac quan he vao - (bang 8), la ed phuong trinh; i^)T = 2\6 + 9X,-3J5X,+l,5X,X,-\0,5Xf -33^,' Vung cac thdng sd dau vao cho cue tri cua ludi ben ed the dugc quan sal nhd thi Contour nhu tren hinh Hinh trinh bay ket qua tdi uu hda ham muc lieu ludi ben theo gdc sac va cung ciia dao Tir hinh 4, cd the thay, xac lap tdi uu cho tuoi ben ldn nhat la cap gdc sac 36°; cimg cua dao la 47 HRC Khi dd tudi ben cua dao thu duge la 212 phiil KET LUAN Ap dung quy hoach thuc nghiem ky thuat, ket hgp xir ly sd heu bang phan mem Minilabl5, giup viee thuc hien tdi uu hda gdc sac va cirng theo tiroi ben che tao dao phang su dung eho nganh cdng nghiep Giay mdt each nhanh nhat, vdi chinh xac eao Mien thdng sd ldi uu tudi ben cua dao cho cac xac lap dau vao la gdc sac va cimg da duge chi Tuoi ben ldn nhat la cap gdc sic 36°, cung cua dao 47 HRC Khi dd tuoi ben cua dao thu dugc la 212 phiit Ket qua duge kiem chimg thuc nghiem da eho thay ket qua du doan cira md hinh rat phu hgp vdi thuc le • Tai lieu tham khao: [1] Nguyin Van Dii, Nguyin Dang Binh (2011), Quy hoacii thuc nghiem l'mizahon Usmg Designed Expenments, third Edition, 2009 john Wiley & Sons, Inc Hinh 3: Do thi contour mien cue tri thiet lap cho Uioi ben dao [4] X.A FILINOP, I,V FIRGER (1979), Sd tay nhiet iuyen, NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, Ha Nor So - T h a n g nam2011 ... Hmh 2: Tuoi b^n cua dao tai cac buoc thi nghiem leo doc Tien hanh eac thi nghiem leo ddc theo dai budc duge linh theo edng thirc (6), thu dugc ket qua bang Bang 5; Tuoi ben cua dao lai cac budc... uu hda gdc sac va cirng theo tiroi ben che tao dao phang su dung eho nganh cdng nghiep Giay mdt each nhanh nhat, vdi chinh xac eao Mien thdng sd ldi uu tudi ben cua dao cho cac xac lap dau vao... thi can giam cirng di (- 25.00) dan vi Trong thi nghiem tren, mdt dan vi gia sd cua gde sic la (do) va dan vi gia so cirng theo thang HRC la De thuan rien cho rien banh thi nghiem, la chgn budc