NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D(5l PHirONG PHAP THIET KE MAY EP VIEN CHAT DOT TlTRCKVI A METHOD TO DESIGN RICE HUSK BRIQUTTE PRESSING MACHINE Nguyen Manh Toan, Bui Tu^n Anh Vien Ca Khi, Tnicmg Dai hoc Bach Khoa Ha Npi TOM TAT Bai bdo trinh bay phuang phdp thiet ke mdy ep vien chdt dot tit ram Su dung phdn mem mo phong nhdm toi uu hoa thiet ke mdy ep vien chdt dot Ket qud mo phong co the duac dijng Idm ca sa viec tinh todn thiet ke hodc kiem nghiem cdc mdy moc, thiet bi ciing nhu dua khuyen cdo cho nguai su dung Tir kh6a: Vien chdt dot, ram, mdy ep vien ram ABSTRACT This paper presents a method in designing straw briquette pressing machine which used finite element simulation in order to optimize designing machine The simulation result could be reference parameters in designing, optimizing: inspecting machine or even giving guidance and warning to users Keywords: Briquette, straw, straw briquette pressing machine l.DATVANDE d Viet Nam, mdi nam co Idioang 40 trieu tin rem bi d6t bo sau thu hoach Viec dot rom gay lang phi, Ichoi bui va nhilm moi truong, tang nhiet dp Idiong ichi cue bp cho moi truong xung quanh, anh huong den sue Ichoe cua nguoi dan, gia tang nguy co tai nan giao thong anh huong ciia Ichoi bui Ep ram tao vien ch3t dSt la mpt huong tan thu nang lugng va han che tac hai neu tren '^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHl CO KHi VIET NAM, S5 1+2 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN cufu-TRAO D C I Viec tinh toan, lua chpn phucmg phap ep ram hap ly, t i i mi hoa thiet ke, che tao may ep ram vien chSt dit, thuc nghiem van hanh may tao san pham dam bao cac tieu chi de la cong viee quan trpng va can thiet LU^A CHON P H l / O N G AN E P T A O VIEN CHAT D T TU* R O M Trong phan hoa hpc cua ram tinh theo kh6i lupng kho co chiia tai 14% Imhin (lignin) [1,2], la mot chit vo dinh hinh ton tai a ca th^ rin va the long, co the su dung lam chit keo dinh kk chiing chuyen hi the long sang the ran Lignin tan chay a nhiet dp > 200''C hoac bi ep a ap luc Ion (>1000 Mpa) [1,2,3,4] Loi dung tinh ehat cua hgnin, cac phuong an ep tao vien cac nguyen lieu co chiia lignin (gO, triu, mun cua ) da duac xay dung: Ep tao vien co gia nhiet vai nhiet dp 1cm hon nhiet dp chay deo cua lignin va ep khong gia nhiet vai ap lire cao [1,2,4] Phuang phap ep tao vien co gia nhiet co uu diem khong can ap luc cao nhung nguyen lieu co kha nang bi chay qua trinh gia nhiet, be mat khong duac bong Phucmg phap ep tao vien vai dp luc cao CO uu diem: ty trgng vien nen cao, dp nen chat cao, vien ep chac, be mat bong dep, khong bi chay xem nhung may ep doi hoi ap luc rat lan, khuon ep nhanh mon, cong suat may lan [2,3] Tu do, de ep tao vien ehat dot tu ram ta eo phuang phap ep: Ep tao vien co gia nhiet vai ap luc thap va ep tao vien khong gia nhiet vai ap luc cao Vien chat dot dupe tao tu bpt ram huong toi doi tuong su dung la cac hp nong dan thu nhap thap, khong yeu cau tham my cao nhung phai dam bao gia che tao thap dong thai cung phai thuan tien qua trinh sii dung Voi cac dac diem do, may ep tao vien chat dot duoc lua chpn theo phuang phap ep co gia nhiet nhim giam chi phi dau tu thiet hi may moe eiing nhu chi phi san xuat Tuy nhien khoi luang ligng cflng nhu nhiet luang ciia ram thdp nen de dam bao cung cap du nhiet lupng cho nhu cau sii dung cua nguoi dan, can phai ep vien voi ap luc dii Ian nham tao mat dp ep cao cho vien chat dot Hinh I mo ta phucmg an ep tao vien chat dot tir ram Tang ^ Kn i p Nguyfin li&j rin Ltgnin chay deo (hoa keo) Tao win • Gia nhi^ Hinh Sa quy trinh cong nghe ep vien co thdnh phdn Lignin T O I UtI H O A T H I E T KE MAY EP VIEN C H A T DOT T t r R O M Thuc nghiem cho thay, ep co gia nhiet, ap luc thap han Qua trinh gia nhiet lam lignin hoa keo va dinh ket vat lieu lai voi mpt kh6i th6ng nhat, ran chac Nhiet lupng chay khong hi anh huong nhieu boi luc ep ma bi anh huong boi phan nguyen lieu cua vien ep Qua khao sat thuc te tac gia lira chpn vien chat dot co dang hinh tru co ducmg kinh ngoai D^.^ = 100 mm phu hpp vai yeu cau chit d6t thay thi than t6 ong De vien chat dot CO thk chay triet &h, ddng thai co the tri qua trinh chay mpt khoang thai gian 40 - 60 phut/vien, cac 16 thong cung cap cho qua trinh chay dupe dua vao thiet ke Ciing theo thuc nghiem, ram dupe nghiSn va siy kho (ca hat ~ mm va dp am 15 ^ 20%) thi ty trpng eiia bpt rom 150 -^ 170 kg/m^ Va ty s6 nen ciia ram qua trinh tao vien n i m khoang 6-^7 theo ap luc ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 K nam 2015 w"ww.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D I tao vien De ep mpt vien chit dot co kich thuoe tuang ducmg vien than t6 ong (chieu cao khoang 120 mm) thi hanh Mnh ep se rit Icm: I = 600 - 720 mm Vai dac diem cua qua trinh ep vien chat dot, lire ep lan nhat dat 75 tin, phuang an ep tgo vien chat dot vai co cau sinh luc ep la xy lanh thuy lue duac lua chpn Do dac thu ep ram, tong hanh trinh ep Ion, nhung phin Ian qua trinh ep se co ap luc nho, ap luc chi tang giai doan sau cung ciia qua trinh ep Do de may ep co kich thuoc nho gpn, chia qua trinh ep tao vien chat dot giai doan: Giai doan ep so bp va giai doan ep chinh Giai doan ep sa bp co ap luc nho nhimg hanh trinh cung nhu van t6c ep lorn va giai doan ep chinh CO ap li;e Ian nhung hanh trinh ep nho chat dot can phai dupe day khoi khuon ep de san sang cho chu ky ep tiep theo Chuyen dpng day vien chat dot khoi khuon co the thuc hien bang chinh xy lanh ep tao vien Tuy nhien, xy lanh thiiy lire Ian, van toe dich chuyen thucmg nho De nit ngan chu ky san xuat, tang nang suat nhung khong lam thay doi cong suat tieu hao nang luang cua may, ta chpn phuong an sir dung xy lanh thiiy luc thii co duong kinh nho hon de day san pham khoi khuon Tong ket lai, may ep vien ehat dot se bao gom ehuySn dpng tinh tien dupe dan dpng bed xy lanh thiiy lire, Ian lugt thuc hien nhiem vu ep so bp giam kich thuoc nguyen lieu, ep chinh tao vien va day san pham khoi khuon Sau moi chu ky ep, khuon ep se dupe quay luan chuyen tuan tu qua cac vi tri ep da co dinh truae nha dpng ea thiiy luc So dpng Sau tao hinh khuon kin, vien may ep dupe mo ta tren hinh Hinh Sa dpng mdy ep vien: 1) Bam thity luc, 2) Dong ca thuy lire ddn dpng khudn xoay: 3) Khuon xoay; 4) Xy lanh days dn phdm; 5) Xy lanh i'P chinh; 6) Xy lanh ep sa bp; 7) Dong co thuy luc ddn dpng true vit cdp lieu; 8) True vit cdp lieu *" ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 I +2 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn V >V:A NGHIEN cufu-TRAODOI Khuon ep lien hoan dupe bo tri dang bien dang D6 han che chuyen vi nay, ta chi can khuon quay, moi khuon bo tri leeh mot tang Cling cae goc may bang bu long giang goc 120" tren mpt vong tron d6ng tam Khi ep, M24 dat tai goc dang tu cua may Tai tSm ca qua trinh: Ep sa bp, ep chinh va day san ciia mat khuon ep chinh - vi tri true tiep chju phim dupe thue hien mpt each dong thai tai luc ep, vach khuon chi bi bien dang voi bien vi tri ciia khuon ep Chuyen dpng quay eiia dp khoang 1,5 mm Gia tri co the tam chip nhan dugc voi mOt may ep vien ehat dot tu ram khuon ep dupe din dong boi dong co thuy luc (co doi hoi dp chinh xac kich thuac khong cao) Nhien lieu cip vao xy lanh ep sa bp nho vit Hay noi each khac thiet ke ciia khung may dam tai dupe dan dpng boi dpng co thuy lue Nhu bao kha nang Iam viec cua may vay, toan bp cac ca cau chap hanh cua may ep dupe din dpng bai cac co cau chap hanh thuy Vien chat dot dugc ep tiing vien mot luc Cac thong s6 dugc chpn sa bg de tien hanh khuon kin nen ket thiic qua txinh tao kiim nghiem thiet ke bang phuang phap phan vien, vien ehat dot can phai dugc day khoi tu hihi han, co su ho trg cua phan mem tinh khuon de san sang cho loat ep tiep theo Vai toan Sa d6 dat tai va trang thai bien dang ciia phuang an khuon ep dang khuon quay lien hoan khung may chiu tai trpng 80 tin su dung nen tai moi vi tri, may chi thuc hien mgt cong modun Cosmos Simulation cua phan mem doan Do ta co the de dang bo tri ca cau day san pham khoi khuon quay bang mot xy lanh Solidworks dugc the hien tren hinh thiiy lyc co hanh trinh dich chuyen khong nho hem chilu dai khuon ep day, de thuan tien qua trinh sira chua va bao duong sau nay, nhom nghien cuu chpn xy lanh day san pham la xy lanh thuy lire giong vai xy lanh ep sa b6; CO duong kinh D =80 mm, hanh trinh 250 mm, duang kinh can piston 55mm.[5,6] ^ i Hinh Trgng thdi biin dgng cua khung mdy chiu tdi trpng 80 tdn Ket qua mo phong cho thay chiu lai 80 tan, voi tang ciing phia sau, bien dang lan nhat eiia vaeh may la 6,2 mm va vi tri bien dang lan nhat nam a goc xa nhat tinh tir vi tri dat luc ep Vj tri co gia tri bien dang lan vi cac goc ciia vach may dang dugc de tu do, CO mpt bien dang nho phia tam vach may, bien dang se lap tiic dupe khuyech dai chuyen vi eua goc bien vach may (thuc chat goc bien vach may khong hi Khuon ep vien chat dot la chi tiet chiu luc lan, CO the bi bien dang tao hinh, anh hudng tai kich thuoc vien chat dot va qua trinh day vien khoi khuon Do do, viee thiet ke va kiem nghiem can phai dupe tien hanh, tren ca so tim kich thuoc va ket cau phu hpp vai yeu ciu thilt kl Voi ap luc len vien chat ddt ep chinh xip xi 1250 k^cm^ tucmg iing voi tong luc ep tao vien 75 tan Chpn khuon ep vien chat dot co dang hinh tru co duong kinh D bing duong kinh vien chat dot = 100 mm, khuon dugc che tao tir thep C45 nhiet luyen dat 45 HRC, khuon day 15 mm Tien hanh kiim tra khuon ep voi ap luc tao nen khuon lan nhat dupe lay chinh bing ap luc 1250 kg/cm- Khuon dupe ngam hai diu bai vach khuon Trang thai iing suat va biln dang cua khuon duge mo ta tren hinh ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 I + n a m I www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN Ciiu - TRAO OpI # ' (a) Trgng thdi img sudt (b) Trgng thdi bien dgng Hinh Trgng thdi ung sudt vd bien dang cita vd khudn chiu dp luc 1250 kg/cm^ Ket qua tinh toan mo phong cho thay chiu ap luc true tiep len bang vai ap lire vien (1250 kg/cm^) thi vo khudn bien dang theo phuang duang kinh vai gia tri bien dang lan nhat 0,172 mm Miic dp bien dang la kha nho va co the chap nhan dugc doi vai khuon ep viSn chat dot KET LUAN Qua ket qua phan tich phan va tinh chat ciia ram vai muc dich tao vien chat dot bang phucmg phap ep co gia nhiet lam ea sa thiet ke may ep vien chat dot Cac cong cu tinh toan va mo phong cung dugc sir dung nham toi uu hoa thiet ke may ep vien chat dot tir rom co duong kinh 100 mm, chieu dai 210 mm Phuang phap co the dugc su dung viec tinh toan thiet ke hoac kiem nghiem cac may moc, thiet hi tuang tu Tu dua khuyen cao sii dung cung nhu toi uu hoa cac thiet ke d6.*t* Ngay nhan bai: 14/01/2015 Ng^y phan bien: 15/02/2015 T^i li§u tham khao: [1] Khoa hpc gd, Trucmg Dai hpc Lam nghiep Viet Nam, NXB Nong nghiep Ha Npi 2000 [2] "Discovery of Lignin in Seaweed Reveals Convergent Evolution of Cell-Wall Architecture"; Martone, Pt; Estevez, Jm; Lu, F; Ruel, K; Denny, Mw; Somerville, C; Ralph; Current biology: CB 19 (2): 169-75 doi:10.I016/j.cub.2008.12.031 ISSN 0960-9822 PMID 19167225 [3] ''Lignin and its Properties: Glossary of Lignin Nomenclature"; Dialogue/Newsletters Volume 9, Number Lignin Institute July 2001 Retrieved 2007-10-14 [4] "Chemical Modification, Properties, and Usage of Lignin"; Thomas Q Hu (Jun 15, 2002); ISBN-13: 978-0306467691 [5] Pham V3n Nghe, D6 Van Phiic , Thiil bi ddp tgo hinh - mdy ep cakhi, NXB Khoa hpc Ky thuat 2004 [61 Nguyen Tien Luang, Tu dpng hda thuy mdy,'HXB Khoa hpc Ky thuat, 2011 ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 1+2 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn