NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI NGHIEN CUtJ, THIET KE VA CHE TAO MAY CAT GOC 45" DA GRANITE / V RESEARCH, DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE 45° CUTTING MACHINES OF GRANUE STONE Le Huu Tien, Nguyen Ngd Tin Lvgrng, Pham Van Toan, Nguyen Van Tung Khoa Co dign - Bi$n tu, Trudng Dgi hpc Lgc Hdng T6M TAT Bdi bdo trinh bdy kdt qud nghien cieu, thiet ki vd che tgo mdy cat goc 45" dd Granite Mdy cdt goc 45° dd Granite dugc thiet ke v&i muc tieu: Ndng cao chdt lupng sdn phdm vd ndng sudt de thao tdc vd bdo duang, it tieu hao ndng lirgng, gidm bui dd cdt gdy nhiem moi tru&ng vd ddm bdo an todn cho ngu&i cong nhdn Mdy cdt goc 45° dd Granite co cdctinhndng nhu sau: Ndng suat Im/ phtit cao gap ldn so v&i phucmg phdp cdt thd cong, chdt lugng du&ng cat thdng tuyet doi, lap ghep tdm da v&i khong co ke h& Tu khod: Bd Granite, tyr dpng hod, chat lugng ABSTRACT The Summary project is a report that has presented content concern with research and manufactures the 45° cutting machine ofGranite stone, which was designed with purpose to improve quality of product, more reliable, increased output, easily operation and maintained Besides, it has had to consume at least energy and not contaminate environment by cutting dust, it's also safe for operator 45° cutting machines of granite stone had many preeminent Junctions such as absolute straight cutting, increasingfeedfivefold more than craft methods When two plate is fixed together without clearance Keywords: Granite stone Automation, Quality M d DAU Hien t^, nhu cdu sijr d^ng dd Granite de _, J: ,, i ,7; - , trang tn cac toa nha cao oc va trung tam thuong mgi rdt ldn, dl dap iing nhu chx cdn phdi cd so lupng dd rdt ldn vdi bl mgt cat phdi phdng vd cd gdc cat 45° de ldp tdm dd vdi Tuy nhien, phuong phdp cdt gdc dd dang thyc hi?n la thii cdng, nang sudt thdp vd chdt Iupng mat ;* • u- - ^- A AW ^A ' L i cat khong on dmh, kho ddp img nhu cau cua ^^^^ *»^g; ^"^ " ^ ^ S ^^'^'^^ *^'em dd, tim gi^i phdp cat cd hieu sudt cao vd chdt lupng dn dinh la dilu cdn thilt » ISSN 0866 - 7056 X ^ C H i C O K H f V I £ T N A M Sd 10 nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn N G H I E N CLTU - TRAO PQl Hinh I Phirang pliap cdi thu cong Nghien cim phit ttiln phuong phap cat di tu dgng, vdi nang suit cao, cd the cat dugc nhilu loai da cd dp ciing vi kich thudc khic nhau, chit lugng dn dinh, dl ding thao tic va dim bao an toin cho cdng nhan Hien tai, fren thittudngchua cd dugc loai miy cit da, cd the dap ling tdt nhu yeu cau tten Sg ddi mgt cii miy cit gdc 45° li rit cin thiet Hinh Thirac kiem tra goc THIET KE VA CHE TAO 3.1 Lua chgn nguyen ly lim vipc 1' Di iigmcii h ^ ^M !^B \/).T: LIEU VA PHirONG PHAP CHE TAO 2.1 Vit lipu chl tao CksiK May dugc chl tao bang thep hgp, thep tim vi thep can, Ngoii ra, vdi nhirng chi tiet don gian, phd bien se dugc mua tten thi trudng IJA •^J^^cS 2.2 Phuong phip che tao Hinh Quy trinh cdt da Miy dugc nghien ciiu vdi su hdttgcua phin mem thiet ke Inventor, cic chi tiet miy dugc thilt kl vdi TCVN [3] Miy dugc chl tao vdi timg cgm chi tilt bing phuong phip gia cdng co khi: Tien, phay bio, hin, ngudi vi CNC 2.3 Phuong phip kiem nghidm Sau lap rap hoin thinh may dugc thgc nghipm nhu sau: Cit loai da cd dg cung khac vdi kich thudc chuin di Granite 400x 1200x50 [3] Thdi gian thii nghiem dien nx)ng Dimg thuoc gdc chuyen dung de kiemttagdc cit (hinh 2) D I ddp ung muc tieu cat nhanh, thao tdc ga lap don gidn, da phai cd dinh chac quS trinh cat va tdc dp di chuyen bdn cat dn dinh, hoac khdng bj gidn dogn Ngodi ra, may phdi an todn dl thao tdc, bao tri bao dudng vd sila chua ,Tu nhiJng yeu td tren, nhdm da xay d^g md hinh boat dpng cua mdy nhu (hinh 3) Dua vdo md hinh tren, mdy cdn c6 nhung bd phdn chinh nhu: Dinh vj kep chgt, chuyen dpng tinh tien qua lgi, chuyen dpng quay dl cat dd, vd nhihig bp phan lien quan khdc Bk thilt kl nhiing chi tiet mdy phii hpp ISSN 0866-7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 10 nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn N G H I £ N CU'U-TRAOOOl Phuong dn dd dat tren tdm dinh vi phang vdi CO cdu kep giu dd, luoi cdt dd lap phia dudi cua dd nghieng gdc 45" vd kit hpp vdi chuyen dpng tinh tiln qua Iai tao cum ca cau cat (Wnh 4c) vdi phuong an ndy cd uu diem sd bac dinh vi Id 5, da dupc cd dinh cdt, ludi cat each xa cdng nhan, dam bdo an todn thao tac, vdi gidi phdp cum dpng co cat cd the chuyen d^ng vdi toe d$ khdng ddi thirc hien cat tu dpng chdt Iupng dn djnh Nhdm nghidn cuu nhdn thdy, ddy Id phuong dn tdi uu de che tao mdy vdi quy trinh cat (hinh 3), nhdm tim mdt sd phuong an de thuc hien chl tao mdy cat gdc 45", nhu sau: Phuong dn da dupc dat tren mat phdng nghieng gdc 45°, ludi cat nam ngang song song khung may, mdt tay giir dd vd di chuyen ludi cat bang thii cdi^, vdi phuong an cd lpi the su dung mdt dpng co, nhien, chi cat dupc da cd khd nhd khdng cd co cau k ^ chat, so bgc tu bj khdng che it, thao tdc khd khan vi phdi diing tay giii ddfai^uqud khdng cao so vdi cat thii cdng Hinh 4C Luai ca/ d^ dudi dd vd nghieng mpt goc 45': I) Bdn dpi dd; 2) Ca cdu cdt; 3) Khung mdy Hink 4a Ba dpt nghieng goc 45": 1) Bdn nghieng: 2) Bpng ca cat: 3) Khung mdy Phuong dn dd dat tren tdm dinh vi phang, ludi cdt bd tri nghieng gdc 45" (hinh 4b) Vdi phuong dn nay, cd uu di6m so b^c t\r hi khdng che dgt, cat dupc dd cd khd ldn, nhign, mdy hoat dpng ban tu d$ng, cdu tgo phirc tap, ngudi vgn hdnh can phdi cd nhilu ky ndng, hi$u suat cat khdng cao /n ^4kA Hinh 4b Bpng ca nghieng goc 45°: 1) Bdn dpi dd, 2) £>png ca cdt 3) Khung mdy Trong bai bdo ndy, chiing tdi tgp trung vdo nghien cuu phdn chinh Dinh vi k ^ chat vd CO cdu cdt 3.3 Dinh vi k^p chSt Dd Granite cdn cat gdc cd hinh dgng tdm chir nhat cd chieu ddy tix 10mm din 50mm vd nhieu dang kich thudc khdc Trong qud trinh cdt da phat sinh nhilu dao dpng lam dnh hudng tdi chdt Iupng bl mat cua da Vi vgy, cdn thiet ke I co cdu dinh vi vd k?p chat dd cdt, nhung khdng dnh hudng din thao tdc cua cdng nhdn Nhdm dd su dung tam kim loai phdng han vdi khung mdy tgo tdm dinh vi, co cdu khdng che bgt hr cua dd, nhung khd khan chuyen dd vdo may dS cat, vi ma sdt giiia dd vdi tam phang ldn, be mat ciia dd bi trdy Gidi phdp la khdng de dd tiep xiic vdi tam phdng chuyen dd vdo may, dl khic phye vdn dl "^ ISSN 0866-7056 TAP CHl CO KHi V I | T NAM, Sd 10 nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHieN c u u - T R A O D I uen, nhdm da nghien cuu vdi nhieu gidi phdp nhu: Phuong dn su dung Id xo lap tren tdm phdng, da khdng tiep xuc mat bdn chi phi thap khdng dnh hudng tdi kep chat, nhupe diem: Khd di chuyin vd dgt dd vdo diing vi tri dinh vi, dl lam trdy mat ciia da (hinh 5) Hinh Bung Lo xo ndng dd Phuong dn thay tam phang bang rulo quay dl logi bd ma sdt, dd dupc dua vdo mdy de ddng, dung vj tri dinh vi, nhupe dilm khdng the cd dinh da cat, chdt Iupng mat cdt khdng tit (hinh 6) Hinh Ddng rulo ndng da Phuong in khoet lo tren tim phing vi su dgng lan bing nhga ciing kit hgp vdi khung ning bing nen, cd thi nang h?i dl dua di vao miy de ding, khdng inh hudng tdi kpp chit da cit Ngoii ra, dl cd thi sii dgng cho nhilu kich thudc da khic nhau, nhdm da tao Id vi lip lan nhua tt«n toin bg mat phing (hinh 7) Hmh Khung nang lan nhua va mat ban khoet lo De khodng each giiia da vd ludi cdt khdng ddi cdn khdng chl chilu tinh tiln vl phia trudc cua dd, nhdm da su dyng cii chgn trudc Khi dd da dupc co dinh dung vi tri may, chung ta thuc hi$n kpp chgt, be mgt ciia da rpng cdng dinh vichac tren mat phang, cung vdi trpng Iupng cua da nen chi can l\rc k^p vi!m phdi Gidi phdp Id sijc dyng cdc logi co cdu k^ thiiy Iuc, cao Idn nhung deu khdng phii hpp vdi de tdi, vi de gay be da hoac trdy dd k?p Giai phdp sir dyng Xylanh ndn kit hpp d4u nhya, uu diem cau tgo dcm gidn, de lap dgt vd thay the sua chiia, trudng hpp tren bl mgt cua dd cd di vgt, gd ghi cung khdng gay bl dd kq) (hmh 8) C^^is* Hinh Xylanh vd ddu nhiflt kfp dd 3.4 Cff ciu cat Day li cgm chi tilt quan ttgng miy, vi di Granite tg nhien vi nhin tjio dlu cd dg Cling cao, cit cd nhilu dao dgng anh hudng din chit lugng cua di Do mdy ho?t dgng tg dgng ndn co ciu cit cin phii chuyen ddng dn dinh ttong cit S$ng cff cit: Tren thj trudng cd nhilu lo^i ludi cSI da Granite vdi dudng kinh khic nhu: 0100mm, 0150mm, 0300mm, 0350mm, 04OOimn, 0500mm, vdi yen ciu cit di Granite tu nhien vi nhan tao, chilu dii tieu chuin cua di Granite thay doi theo ydu cau khach hang dg day ldm cin cit toi da li 40 mm, nhdm nghien ciiu da chgn luoi cit di cd dudng.; kinh 0350mm Tit dudng kmh di cit, chung ta se tinh vin tdc cit vi chgn dgng co theo cdng thirc sau [5] ISSN 0866-7056 T4PCHlCOKHfVI$TNAM,Sd 10nam2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHieNC0'U-TRAOD(5l M t r = ^ : ^ (m/s) Trong dd: D: Dudng kmh dd cdt; P:Chuvi; RPM: Sd vdng quay cua true trcmg I phiit Vdi mycffichco cdu cdt cd die di chuyen tu dpng cdt, nhdm sir dung mpt ddng co dien dl tao la cfaiQ'ea dpng vd kit hpp vdi hpp gidm tdc dl gjam tdc dp quay, gidm moment md may, 1^ Ihem bdnh rang kit hpp tfaanh rang bien chi^ren ddng (^laytiianhtinh tidn (hinh 10) Tu bang tra [6], dpng co phu hpp dl chpn, logi 50Hz, 5kw vd tdc dp 280(h^/Ph Luoi cat se dupc I ^ tryc tiep vdi ddng co cdt ciing vdi CO cau che chan an todn Co c^u chuyin dpng: Di thyc hi?n quy Uinh cdt da, luoi cdt phdi chuyin dpng tinh tiln dpc theo ban dgt dd Bdi vi, dd Granite cd dp cung cao qud trinh cat phdt sinh nhidu nmg ddng vd lyc cdn Idn Cdn phdi cd mdt ca cdu chuyin dOng vdi Momen Idn, dp dn dinh cao vd tiiay ddi tdc d§ vd cdp Cd nhi^ gjdi p h ^ cho vdn dl ndy nhu: Chuyin d$ng bing Xylanh thuy luc, d^ng co Sevor, hue vit, xich keo [7] Cdc phuong phdp tren dlu cd thi tgorachiQ'en dpng on djnh vd Momen Idn nhung khdng thich hpp vdi kit cau ciia may, chi phi cao, vdi vdn dd ndy nhdm da nghien cuu cym ca cdu chuyin dpng nhu (hinh 9) Hinh 10 Cau tpo dpng ca truyen dpng: J) Bpng ca; 2) Hpp gidm tdc; 3) True P~uyen; 4) Bdnh rdng Co cdu dan hudng: Dua vdo sy an khdp ciia rang bdnh rang vd ddng co truyen dpng, co cau cat cd thi chuyin ddng vd cdt dd, nhu dp chinh xdc khdng cao vi khodng hd giiia rang an khdp Idn xdy xe dich, de khdc phye sii dung them CO cdu trupt vd trupt nhu (hinh 11) Hinh U Ckf cau dan hu&ng: 1) Khung mdy; 2) Thanh trugi; 3) Thanh rdng Hinh 9.Cacm chuyin dpng: 1) Bgng CO cat: 2) Dpng ca truyen dpng; 3) Hpp ^dm toe: 4) Thanh trupt; 5) Khung may; 6) Thanh rang; 7) Bdnh rdng Cu hanh trinh cdt: De thay ddi hanh trinh cat thay ddi phu ^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 XAPCHlCOKHfVl£TNAM,Sd 10ndm2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CLCU-TRAO D O I hgp vdi di cd nhilu kich diudc chilu dai khac nhau, nhdmfflsOr dgng cim biln tir % cd djnh tt&icociuchuyiidgngva2cu hinh Binh cd the di chuyinttenkhung miy (hmhl2) da tiln hinh kilm nghiem, so sinh nang suit cua quatirinhcit thu cdng vi tu dgng dugc bilu diln nhu hinh (huih 13), cho ta thay thgc nghiem vdi cic loai da cd ciing khic vdi cit tu ddng ludn cho nang suat cao hem cic phuong phip khac, nhien, nang suit niy phu thudc vio dg cling cua tiing logi di vdi di cing Cling thi nang suat giim din ini.lv • » * I Hinh 12 Cir hdnh trinh cat Ngoii ra, cit di vdi nhilu dg ciing khic nhau, nlu tdc dg tinh tiln cila ludi cit khdng thay dli se cd hipn tugng luoi cit bj cong, chiy, mau mdn, dl khic phgc loi tren nhdm da sii dgng them bien tin de dieu khien tdc dg ciia dgng co tuong ung vdi ciing cua tung lo^i di khic THVC NGHIf M VA B A N H G I A Dg Cling cua di dugc phin loai theo Bangl -i I Hinh 13 So sdnh ndng sudt cda mdy vd thd cong Ket qud cua vi?c thu nghi?m ndng su^t ;^ cua phuong phdp thu cdng vd tu dpng, kit qMki cho thdy rdng vi$c cdt da bdng mdy cho ndng sudt cao hon g4p lan ddi vdi tdt cd cdc logi dd Su khdc bi^t ndy Id dudng kinh cdt da ldn, tdc dp cat khdng ddi, khdng bi phy thupc vdo trinh dp tay nghi, thi trgng siic kho6, tinh thiin lam viec ciia cdng nhdn vdn hdnh Bdng I Phdn loai dp cimg cua dd Granite Logi Thdnh p h k I Dd cd nhieu caxi Da it thgch anh Dd nhieu th^ch anh Dd nhieu th?ich anh, kali, carbon tho Dd nhieu thgch anh va tran thgch Dueling H^ sd mon H? sd mdn 1.4 H? so mon 1.9 H? s6 mon 2.3 H^ sd mdn 4.1 Anh hudng cua qui trlnh tg- dgng len ning suit 4.2 Anh hudng cua qud trinh ty d$ng len chat l u ^ g Qua qud trinh kiem Ua kit qud tfiyc nghiem giira phuong phdp cdt thu cdng vd mdy Bdng phuong phdp cdm quan vd thudc g6c cho thay, chit lupng cdt may tang, vdi nhung ldi nhu gdc khdng dat gdc 45°, be mgt dd khdng bdng cd nhieu ngp gdp, gpn sdng Ti 1? loi dupc bieu dien Bdng phucmg phap cdm quan dudi dnh sdng ty nhien dd cat bang mdy ludn bdng dep hon cdc phuang phdp khdc Sau lip rip miy hoin thinh, nhdm ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAPCHf CO KHf VIETNAM, Sd lOndm 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO D I •~— » r-i \ l Hink 14 So sanh ti If loi mdy vd tay Tu kit qui thuc n g h i ^ kiem ti^ chit lugng cda phuong phip cit thi cdng vi tu ddng cho kit qui li ti le hing ldi cua phuong phip tu dgng ludn dn djnh 1%, vdi tit ci cic loai di cd dg Cling tang Sg khac bipt niy Ii may chuyin dgng van tdc dn dinh moment keo ldn 5.lrf;TLU4JS Sau thing nghien cihi, thilt kl va chl t?o miy cit gdc 45° di Granite nay, kit qui tiigc nghiem cho thiy, ve mat nang suat cao gip lin, chit lugng dn dinh ti le ldi thap, ve cam quan be mat da bdng mjn dep hon so vdi thii cdng, an toin cho ngudi thao tic, khdng gay d nhiem mdi trudng, tiet kipm nhin cdng.'J* Ngiy nhan bai: 12/9/2016 Ngay phin bien: 12/10/2016 Tai Ueu tham khio: [1] [2], [3] [4] [5] Giao Oinh Inventor 2014; NXB Thdi dai TCVN 8-40: 2003 Ve ky thuSt TCVN 4732: 2007 Sa granite PGS,TS Trin Van Dinh, 86 tay Atlas digi PERPHERICAL SPEED CALCULATION OF SEA ASISTANCE Worldwide service [6] PERPHERICAL SPEED table OF SEA ASISTANCE Worldwide service [7] PGS.TS Ha Van Vui; So tay thiet ki ca khi, tap 1,2, NXB Khoa hgc Ky thujt (2006) [8] Tran Him Qui; Ve ky thugt ca (tip 1), NXB Giao dye (2007) ISSN 0866-7056 TAP CHl CO KHl V I £ T NAM, Sd 10 nam www.cokhivietnam.vn 2016 ... lo^i ludi cSI da Granite vdi dudng kinh khic nhu: 0100mm, 0150mm, 0300mm, 0350mm, 04OOimn, 0500mm, vdi yen ciu cit di Granite tu nhien vi nhan tao, chilu dii tieu chuin cua di Granite thay doi... tdi tgp trung vdo nghien cuu phdn chinh Dinh vi k ^ chat vd CO cdu cdt 3.3 Dinh vi k^p chSt Dd Granite cdn cat gdc cd hinh dgng tdm chir nhat cd chieu ddy tix 10mm din 50mm vd nhieu dang kich... C^^is* Hinh Xylanh vd ddu nhiflt kfp dd 3.4 Cff ciu cat Day li cgm chi tilt quan ttgng miy, vi di Granite tg nhien vi nhin tjio dlu cd dg Cling cao, cit cd nhilu dao dgng anh hudng din chit lugng