PETROVIETNAM r-^- - er GIAI PHAP C O N G NGHE GIAN KHOAN TIEP TRO KHOAN KHAI T H A C D A U KHI CHO VUNG NUOC SAU TAI VIET NAM KS Hoang Thanh Tilng', KS Trjnh Van Lam\ ThS TrUtf ng Hoai Nam^ 'Cong tyTNHH MTV Khoan Dau nudc sau PVD 'Tdp doan Dau Viet Nam Email-tunglit@pvdnlling.com Tom t i t Bdi bdo gidi thieu tinh hlnh Ang dung cdc cdng nghe thi cdng gieng khoan tren thi gidi hien cho khu vUc nUdc sdu, dd phdn tich Uu, nhuac diim cOa cdng nghe ddu gieng khd (dry tree) vd ddu gieng chim (wet tree); khd ndng dp dung, iUa chon cdng nghe gian khoan phu hap vdi dac diem khu vUc nUdc sdu them luc dja Viet Nam DUa tren cdc thdng tin dja chdt, kinh nghiem khoan cho cdc khu vUc nudc sdu, nhdm tdc gid dexudt svt dung cdng nghe gian khoan tiip tra (Tender Assist Drilling - TAD) cho viec khoan pbdt trien md tai viing nUdc sdu den 1.830m them luc dja Viet Nam Tdkhda: Cong nghi ddu gieng, gian khoan nudc sdu, gidiphdp cong nghe gidn khoon, cong nghe gian TAD Gidi thieu Bang Phdn loai nudc sau cua cdc be tram tich tiem nang ngoai khai Viet Nam [1] Tinh den thdi diem 31/12/2013, Tap doan Dau khf Vilt Nam da khIo sat tren 500.000km tuyen dja chan 2D Ten bS t r i m tich va ~55.000km' dia chan 3D; khoan 1.286 gieng tim k i l m Be Phu Khanh Dien tier (km") (m) 200 - 2.500 ' Be Cilu Long va dat lien Viet Nam [1] Cac b l tram tfch tiem nang d V i l t den 1.500 • Be Nam Cdn Son d ^ n 1.500 60,000 Nam d I u dUde khoan tim kiem tham dd va khai thac, tap Be M a l a y - T h o Chu den 130 85,000 95,000 tham dd, t h I m luong, bdm ep, khai thac tren them luc dia trung nhieu nhat d be Cdu Long vdi 895 gieng, b l Nam Be T u Chfnh - Vung May 1.500-3 000 Cdn Sdn 185 gieng, be Sdng Hdng 118 gieng, be Malay - Be Hoang Sa - TrUcfng Sa tren 3.000 57,000 55,600 Thd Chu 79 gieng, cac be t r i m tfch cdn lai nhU Phii Khanh, TuChfnh - Vung May gieng.Tuy nhien, cac hoat ddng ehii y l u tap trung tai cac vung cd mUc nude bien ndng va d 1/3 dien tfch lye dja da ky hpp dong d I u (mUc nude dudi 200m), tiem nang dau khiehUa dupc phat hien cdn lai d khu vUe nUdc sau rat Idn Bay vda la cd hpi, vda la thach thUc cho hoat ddng tham dd dau tuong lai, Vdi thue te va nhu eau phat trien ciia nganh cdng nghiep d I u khf Viet Nam, can nghien cdu dng dung cac giai phap khoan tim kiem, tham dd va khai thac dau phii hpp vdi dieu kiln cy the ciia tdng md va tdng khu vUc; song song vdi viec dau t u phat trien dpi ngu gian khoan de t u ehii v l edng nghe va thiet bL dam bao an ninh nang tuong va chii quyen qude gia.Trong dd, viec nghien edu dng dung cdng nghe h6 tra khoan khai thac cho viing nude sau tai Viet Nam se gdp p h l n nang cao hieu qua kinh te, ky thuat, Cong nghe t h i cong dau gieng cho khu vUc niidc sau S e Nam Con San Nhdm be "^'"^9 ^^ t r l n the gidi Tai cac viing nude sau, edng nghe thi cdng d I u gieng khd (dry tree) va dau gieng chim (wet tree) dupc can Hinh Bdn docdcbetrdm tich Viet Nam DAURHI-SO 11/2014 57 GIOI THIEU C O N G N G H E nhac, quyet djnh lua ehon lien quan tdi y tUdng equaling kh6 (concept) lua ehpn cdng nghe gian khoan tien hanh cdng tac khoan phu hop Be dat hieu qui kinh te cao nhIt, viec lUa chon cdng nghe gian khoan c l n tinh den cac yeu td sau [2]: Thi cdng d I u g i l n g khd cd h i l u q u i eao k va dang tin eay hdn so vdi ky t h u l t thi cdng dIu gieng chim, han che riil ro khf ndng, kilm solt g i l n g khoan de dang hdn r: ^ - Thi cdng dau gieng ehlm phdc tap, mat nhilu thdi gian, chi phi cao, khd khan qua trinh sda chCfa gieng sau thdi gian dUa vao khai thac (kha nang phai dimg sin xuat de phuc vu I cho cdng tac kiem tra b i o tri), ehi phf dau tu dii han cao hdn nhieu so vdl cdng nghe thi cdng dau gieng khd, dac biet d cac md cd trd lupng tiS Hinh Minh hoa cau Udc ve ddu gieng kho vd ddu gieng chim (2] trung binh den Idn, md khai thac lau dai Bing Mot sdyeu tdthid net va cbieu sdu nudc bien dnh hudng den viic Tuy nhien, viec quyet dinh lUa ehpn edng chon cdng nghi ddu gieng Dieu kien thai tiet Song gio khIc nghiet/ loc xoay Sdng gio Chieu sau nUtfc bien < 1.500m Bau gieng kho: Spar.TLP Oau gieng khd' Spar, TIP, ppso, Semi Dau gieng kho: Spar, TLP ~1 > 1.500m Dau gieng kho: Spar Dau gieng chim: Spar, Semi, FPSO (Dis-connectable) Dau^gieng khd: Spar, TLP nghe dau gieng khd hay d I u gieng ehlm phu thudc vao nhieu y l u to dd cd dieu kiln thdi t i l t va mUc nudc theo kinh n g h i l m thi edng thife t l tren t h i gidi (Bang 2) Ngoai ra, cau true via sin pham cung quyet dinh viec lUa ehpn cdng ngh^ dau gieng ehim ' binh^^""^ ^^"9'^"9^^"'"^-^^^'^'^^"^' ^^"^'^"^chim:FPSO,Semij hay d I u g i l n g khd Ddi vdi via sin pham ed chilu day hieu dung, bien dang via tdt vile tap trung elc dau gieng khai t h I c se dem lai he sd thu hdi dau cao va dieu kien dja chat khu vUe cho phep, do nen ehpn edng nghe dau g i l n g khd Doi vdi cac via sin p h I m cd chilu day hieu dung nhd, bien dang dan trai nen sif dyng cdng ngh^ dIu gieng chim (Hlnh 3) Ngoai cac yeu t d kha thi ve mat ky thult, viec quyet djnh lya chon cdng nghe dau gieng khd hay d I u gieng chim cdn phy thudc vao yeu td kinh te Viec ludng va tinh toan h l l u q u i kinh t l gdm nhieu yeu t d phdc tap khIc d l cd the dem lai hieu q u i dau tU cao Hdi t h I o edng nghe bilfi d Brazil nam 2013 da so sinh chi phf l i l n quan tdi vile lya ehpn cdng n g h i d^u g i l n g khd hay dau g i l n g ehlm (Bing 3) [3] Hien nay, cd loai gian nUdc sau vdi cdng nghe da dupe kiem chUng thdng qua viec Ip Hinh (a) Cau tnk via san phm dong "Powio shape"dung cdng nghe ddu gieng tho; (bj Cou true via sdn phdm dang bdnh da "Pan calte' diing cong nghe ddu gieng diim; (c) Huang l