Nghiên cứu ứng dụng kỹ thuật điều khiển số để nâng cấp máy điều tốc dùng trong các trạm thuỷ điện

KHOA HOC - CONG NGHf; Q NGHIEN Cmi AP OUNG KY THUAT OIIU KHIEN SO DE N A N G CAP MAY D I E U T O C D U N G T R O N G CAC T R A M T H U Y D I E N Trjn Dure Todn Khoa Cdng nghi Co khi, Dai hqc Diin luc TOMTAT Theo xu the phdt trien cilia khoa hpc ky thudt hiln dai hiln t r i n t h i gidi, vile thiet ke che tao cdc sdn pham mdi hiln dd cd sU doi khdc v l tU sdn ph^m Ngdy nay, ngUdi ta cin cdc sdn pham khoa hpc phdi co du cdc dieu kien nhU gidi phdng siifc lao ddng cCia ngUdi, nang cao chA lUong sdn p h i m , tieu ton it ndng lUpng, qudn 1$ vd dilu khiln dupc cdc thdng s6 ky thudt mdt cdch d l ddng, mufc tu dong hoa cao d i n t i l n tdi tu dong hda hodn todn Cac sdn phim dUpc gpi Id cdc sdn pham CO dien ti!ir bdi n6 ket hcrp hdm lUAig chat xdm cao nhat cua cac ngdnh nhU Cd khi, Oien, Diln tuT vd Cdng n g h l thdng tin tao sdn pham nh6 gon, cd chinh xac rift cao, chat lUpng on dinh, dieu khien va dieu chinh de dang, thao tdc thuan tien vd gan hom vdi ngxiisx sd dung, duac che tao theo dang mo dun de CO the thay the hodc sifa chufa, Idp rdp mdt cdch d l ddng, nhanh gpn va ton rdt it cdng silfc cung nhu thdi gian Vile nghien ciili vd dp dung ky thudt dilu khien so de cdi ti^n, ndng cap may dMu tdc thudng may dieu toe Cd Dien tuf cung ndm xu hudngdo Oat van de Dien nang la mdt nhPng linh vpc quan trpng ciia nen kinh t l qudc dan, vdy viec dau t u nghien eu'u, phat trien, qudn ty va khai thac mdt each hop ly la mdi quan tam hang dau ciia mpi qudc gia Nude ta h i l n la nudc dang phdt trien, nhu cdu v l nang lUpng phuc vu san xuat vd ddi sdng dang tang cao Vdi san lUpng hien chung ta dang ddng trUdc nguy eo thieu di&n tram trpng Vi vay vile dau tU vao nganh Diln cang trd n i n cap thiet Hien nay, vile khai thac eac nguon nang lupng tdi tao dang la djnh hudng phat t r i l n chien lUpc ciia nhilu qudc gia Thiiy d i l n nhd hien da va dang Id djnh hUdng phat trien d\iqc nhilu quoc gia Ipa chpn Thiiy d i l n vPa va nhd lam thay doi chat lupng ngudn nang lupng u'ng dung he thdng dieu khien tU ddng qua trinh van hanh dieu khiln Viec dau t u nghien eu'u va dda vdo sdn xuat, che tao va van hanh cde nha may dien cd sdn lupng Idn can mdt quy md ddu t u Idn va cung phdi hdng chuc nam Vi vay vile dau tu nghiln cdu vd trien khai thuy d i l n nhd cung la mdt hudng di dung Xay dUng bai toan Yeu cau eiia mdy dilu tdc la phdi dieu ehlnh dupc toe dp tua bin (hay t i n sd mdy phat) vdi sai sd xac djnh Vdi sp phat trien manh me ciia khoa hoc ky thuat, mdy d i l u tdc hien cd cdc chde nang sau: - Chde nang ed bdn nhdt la dn djnh toe tuabin theo gia trj dat trUdc vdi nhdng tieu chuan xdc djnh ve mat chat lUOng tdc dp lam viec thUc - ChPc nang dieu khien theo hudng sp kiln hoac theo trinh tu thdi gian Bao gdm vile khdi ddng va difng td may Ngoai ra, nd edn ed cac chPc nang : - Chde ndng cdi dat, nhdn lenh - Chde nang phdn hdi (gom co hien thi vd trd Idi cd yeu cau Cac gid tri la cdc gid tri thuc) - ChCfc ndng cdnh bdo - Chde ndng hien thj -Chde ndng dCf Hiu Dien Jk D&i songl E] KHOA HQC - CdNG NGHf: Phuemg phip gidi vk chpn phuong phAp C6 rdt nhilu mdy d i l u tfic Sau ddy Id m^t sd I09I mdy d i l u tdc theo thCf tdng ddn chdt lUpng d i l u k h i l n vd mCred^tpdiJnghda NhUpc d i l m chung; - Lpc tdc d^ng php thuOc vdo kfch thudc d^ng ca tilp Ipc vd dp Ipc ddu - Bd ph^n phdn hdl co n i n vi|c c h i tao, Idp rdp vd edn chinh Id khd khdn, dO chfnh xdc khdng cao Idm Mdy d i l u tdc tdc d$ng gidn t i l p khdng cd b$ phdn phdn hdl L/u d i l m : Ld Uu d i l m chung ciia mdy d i l u t6c tdc d^ng gldn t i l p NhUpc d i l m : - Qud trinh d i l u khiln tdc d$ quay ciia tuabin se khdng 6n djnh vl pfttdng eiia dOng cd t i l p luc khdng t h i diJmg Im d m$t vi trf cdn bdng ndo kim cua van truot khdng kjp thdl trd v l vj trf cdn bdng Hinh Mdy d i l u tdc tdc ddng gldn t i l p khdng cd b^ phdn phdn hdi ngupc • Hi|n tupng dao d^ng d ^ md cdnh hudng, cdng sudt Mdy d i l u tdc tdc d^ng gidn t i l p cd bd phdn phdn hdl cCmg Uu d i l m : - Uu d i l m chung ciia mdy d i l u tdc tdc dong gidn tiep - Cd t h i m bd phdn phdn hdi cijmg cd tdc dung kjp thdi dua eon truot v l vi tn trung gian Idm cho vile ^eu chinh tdc dp tdt hon ( I m hon, it dao ddng hem) Nhuoc d i l m : Tdc d ^ tn/dc vd sau d i l u chinh van khdc Mdy d i l u tdc tdc ddng gidn t i l p cd bp phdn phdn hdl m I m Hinh Mdy dieu tdc tac ddng gidn t i l p cd phdn hdi eCmg l/u d i l m : - O i l m Z cua tay ddn dupe ndi vdi pittdng cOa dpng CO t i l p luc (phdn phdn hdi) thdng qua mot bo phdn dae biet gpi Id b0 hoan xung Nhd dd md diem H cd t h i trd ve vj tri ban dau vd dCfng im d dd sudt cd thcri gian Idm viec 6n dinh ciia tuabin - So vdng quay eiia so dd kieu ndy trUde vd sau d i l u ehlnh bdng - C6 t h i d i l u ehlnh mde dd phdn ifng ciia thiet bj bdng cdch d i l u ehlnh t i l t lUu d 16 thdng hai budng eiia bp hodn xung Hinh May dieu tdc tac dpng gidn t i l p cd phdn hdi m I m Uu diem chung: - Cho phep dung qud ldc cd khdi lupng nhd ma nhay cao de chuyen ddi kim trupt Idp van trupt, de dieu chinh ddng thiiy Ipc tdi cdc buong eua ddng cd t i l p lue Dien A: D&i song NhUpc diem: NhUpe diim chung eiia mdy dieu toe tac ddng gidn tiep Tif nhPng Uu, nhupe d i l m ehii yeu cCia mdy dilu tdc ndi t r i n , chii y l u la hai nhuoc d i l m chfnh: - He thdng phdn hoi Cd khf nen vile e h l tao, can chfnh Id rat khd khdn, chua ke den vile sai sd cdng Idn tdng sd lupng khau eO cau phdn hdi KHOA HQC - CdNG NGHE Q - Theo cde sd t r i n thi tif h i thdng dieu khien d i n CO edu chap hdnh ludn cd mpt vdi eo cdu Idm cdc chi^e ndng n h i l m vu khdc nhau, d i l u dd cung Idm tang sai sd qud trinh d i l u khiln tif he thdng d i l u khien tdi cd cau chdp hdnh Viec Cfng dung ky thudt d i l u khien sd d l ndng cdp mdy d i l u tdc khdng nhpng gidi quylt dupe hai vdn d l t r i n md edn tao cd sd d l cd the ndng edp mdy d i l u tdc cung nhu tich hpp cdc chufc ndng khde vdo mdy d i l u toe Gia tri ddt (tti6ngs6li(di) djnh d i l u khiln bdng cdch edp dtin vdo ede van d i l n tir ciia h i thdng t h u j li/c tdi ddng cd t i l p Ipc O l k i l m sodt gid trj gdc mdcdnh nUdc, d^ng eo t i l p Ipc dUoe gdn thudc d i l n tOr bdng phuong phdp quang hpc, gid trj ndy dupe dua v l h i thdng d i l u khiln vd Id gid trj d i l u khiln vd nd cd dd chfnh xdc cao khdng chi bdi dd chfnh xdc cOa t h i l t bj md cdn vl nd dupe ddt trUdc ddi tUpng d i l u khiln Mdy d i l u tdc cdn duqc gdn cdc sensor d l cd t h i phdn hdi cdc thdng s6 khdc ciia h i thdng nhu dp lUe ddu, mde ddu, h i l n tuong ket cdnh hudng nude, v l bd d i l u khiln, bd d i l u khiln cung lay cdc thdng sd ndy vd t p tfnh todn quylt djnh d i l u khiln vd cdnh bdo trudng hpp mdy dieu toe Idm vile d d i l u kiln nguy hilm Nguyin ly hoat ddng cda hi thdng thdy lUc: B6 dieu khiln s6 Khi tin hiiu d vj tri pfttdng vd sd vdng quay ciia tua bin bdo v l Id edn phdi djch pittdng sang trdi thi bo xp ly se cdp dien Idm cho cupn day ben phdi ciia van sd ddng dien (theo so thiiy Ipc t r i n hinh ve) Dau se dupe phdn phdi tdi eifa b i n phdi ciia budng xi lanh Idm cho pittdng chuyen ddng sang trai Khi can chuyen dpng sang phdi thi bd xif 1^ phat xung dien ngam dien vao cudn ddy ben phdi eiia van sd Dau se duqc dUa vao khoang ben trai Trong trUdng hop ddng kha'n cap (khdng co trUdng hop md khan cap) thi ehi cd nhat cupn day ben phai ciia van sd Id cd dien, dau se true tiep len thang tdi budng b i n trai eiia xi lanh lam cho pittdng dieh chuyin sang phdi (ddng) khdn cap Oieu khien pittdng ddng md canh hudng tuabin Co cau chap hanh dieu khien canh hUdng tuabin thdng qua he thdng cd cau ddn bay pittdng thiiy lUe Trong he thdng dUdc thiet k l , hdnh trinh ciia pittdng Id 200 mm, Odn bay 300 mm CurantaAndifrn Ciraii Mnh trinh ~W H»n/i5.Soddthiiy luc Nguyin 1^ dieu Ithiin: Tin hieu tdc dp ciia tuabin tP dau tdc dupe phan hoi v l he thdng d i l u khien Tai bp d i l u khien, gia tri tdc dupe tinh tan sd may phat, nd dem so sdnh vdi gia tri tham sd ddt (thdng sd lUdi) vd tinh toan quyet Hinh Mo ta pittdng va co cau tay ddn dich chuyen canh hudng Khi pittdng dvj tri diem dau hoac diem cudi ciia hanh trinh, CO cau don bay tac dpng md hoac ddng hoan todn he thdng canh hUdng tuabin Pittdng di chuyen tii dau den h i t hanh trinh (0 -100% tUdng Cfng - 200mm), canh hudng tuabin tPvj trf ddng hoan toan den md hdan toan (0-100%) Dien & D&i songl g El KHOA HQC • CdNG N H | n ciia PLC khdng bj ngdt qudng vdng d i l u khiln, Tuy nhlln gid t h i n h h$ thdng s i cao cdn t h i m module analog In cho h$ PLC vd btf b i l n ddi tdn dp W(p) PID dt • Phuong phdp 2: Tin hl|u xung tir encoder dua tn/c t i l p vdo ddu vdo b9 d i m HSC cOa PLC Trong dd, phdn m I m d i l u khl^n PLC thpc h l | n thao tdc dpe sd dim khodng thdl gian, tif dd xdc djnh dUpc tdn s6 hay tdc cCia tuabin Vdi cdch ndy t i l t k l | m chi phf, md vdn ddm bdo ho9t d^ng h | thdng, dd ta chpn phuong dn ndy \f^lr,\ ••"•" Hinh V6ng ai«u khl^n t i e a