Tieu ban I'^dng linnig Kv llnidl cdng Irinh Van tai vd Cdng nghe Bien LUA CHON CONG NGHE KHAI THAC HOP LY NANG LUONG DIEN THUY TRIEU VUNG B!£N DONG B A C VIET NAM Nguyen Binh Khanh, Duong Ilong Cuong Vieii Khoa hpc nang lugng So 18 Hoang Quoc Vict Ha Noi i-jnail: nguyenbinhkhanli@gmail.com Viet Nam Id cpidc gia cd tiem ndng ngudn nang lugng thuy trieu, nhien ngudn ndng luang liem ndng ndy chua dugc quan Idm khai ihdc Bdi bdo da de cap tdi cdc cdng nghe khai ihdc dien thuy trieu, tiem ndng ndng luang dien ihuy trieu viihg bien Ddng Bdc Viet Nam vd kien nghi cdc cdng nghe khai ihdc phii hap cho vimg bien Ddng Bdc Viet Nam Bdi bdo cdng trinh hay ket qud linh loan dp dung cho khd ndng khai ihdc nguon dien thuy trieu tai vung Hong I'dn ihiidc huyen ddo Cd To, tinh Quang Ninh Ket qud nghien cuu gdp them cir sd ly thuyet cho viec nghien ci'nt, linh loan de xudt cdc du an phdt trien dien thuy trieu cua Viel Nam A SCI.HCTION OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR EXPLOITING TIDAL I'OWl-R SOURCE IN Ti IE NORTHEAST COASTAL ZONE OF VIETNAM Abstract: Vietnam is a country with potential tidal energy resources, but this potential energy is not interested in mining The article refers to the technologies in exploiting tidal power potential at northeastern coast of Vietnam and recommend appropriate technologies for exploiting tidal power source of the East coast of North Vietnam The article also presents the results of calculations applied to the abilities to exploit tidal power in the awkward Hong Van, Co To island district, Quang Ninh province Research results may contribute to the theoretical basis for researching calculating the projects proposed tidal power development in Vietnam Nang luang thuy trieu la loai nang lugng sach va gan nhu vo tan, la nguon nang lugng trien vong ciia the ky 21 Theo uoc tinh cua Co quan Nang lugng Quoc te, tiem nang ciia nang lugng thuy trieu tren toan cau la khoang 800 ty KWh/nam, co the dap ung khoang 5% nhu cdu nang lugng hien cua the giai Viet Nam la Quoc gia bien vai ba bi^n dai Tthdang 3200!rm'eo>at nhieu Vung, vinh, dam, pha, eira song, laeh ven bien Theo danh gia sa bp, mat dp nang lugng thu^ trieu a khu vuc Quang Ninh vao khoang 3,65GWh/km^, den Nghe An khoang 2.48GWh/km^ va giam dan den khu vuc Thira Thien Hui la nho nhat \gi 0.3GW!•l/km^ tiep theo lai tang dan v^ phia mien Nam, d§n Phan Thik la Hpi nghi Khoa llGWh/km' va dat cue dai lai khu vuc Ba Ria Vung Tau vdi 5,23GWli/km^(ll Vdi d{c diem ciia dia hinli va cha dp Ihiiy Iriau thi viing bian Ddng Bac Vict Nam (Ihupc dia phan eiia tinh Quang Ninh va phd Hai Phong) la khu vyc cd tiam nang phat trien dien thiij IriSu Idn nhat nude vdi cdng suit lip may cd tha lan Idi 550MW, chidm tdi 96% licm nang ky thuat ngudn dien thuy tridu cua Viet Nam [2] Trong pham vi bai bao so da cap tdi cae cdng nghe khai thac nang lugng thuy trim phd bian hian nay; dac diam cha dp thuy triau, tiem nang nang lugng thuy trieu viing bicn Ddng Bac cua Viet Nam de xuit cac cong nghp khai thae phii hgp vdi dac diem tu nhien vung bian Ddng BJc Bai bao eung Irinh bay kat qua ap dung linh loan tiem nang va kha nang khai thac nang lugng thuy triau eiia vung Hong Van Ihupc huyen dao Cd To Ihuoc tinh Quang Ninh l.Cac cong nghc khai thac dien thuy trieu Dien thuy tridu la dien nang dugc khai Ihac tir sir thay ddi ciia thiiy trieu hang Co hai cdng nghe phd bian de khai thac dien nang tir thuy trieu la dua vao ddng nang ciia ddng chay trieu va bang tha nang ciia muc nude triau lan xudng theo thdi gian hang Ll Cong nghc khai thac dya vao dgng nang dong chay trieu Ddng chay triau la ddng chay xual hien tai khu vuc cira sdng va cira vinh thiiy trieu Ien xudng hang hoac ddng hai luu ngoai dai duong hay ddng chay ven bd thiiy trieu lao Cdng nghe khai Ihac dua vao ddng nang ddng tridu la sir dung van Idc ddng chay ciia ddng chay triau lam quay cac tuabin thiiy trieu de phat dien Vdi cdng nghc Ihi vdi ddng chay triau cd van toe (2-^3)m/s se tao cdng suat (4-13)kW/m^ Cac tuabin ciia kieu khai thac bang ddng nang ddng chay trieu la dang chong chdng cd (3-4) canh gin vdi may phat kieu kin dugc lip cd dinh hoac dang neo vdi ba mat day eiia ddng chay Cdng nghc khai thac dpng nang ddng trieu cd hieu suat cao hon so vdi kidu khai Ihac dua vao the nang cd the thu dugc nang lugng ca trieu len va triau rut Phuang phap khai thac bang ddng nang ddng chay triau cd uu dijm la ta khong phai dip dap da tao hd chua nen nd cd tha ap dung hieu qua d ca nhirng noi khong phai la vjnh hay eo bian Tuy nhian, nang lugng tao tit phuong phap lai phu thuoc chit yju vao van Idc ddng trieu nen chi dugc ap dung d nhimg viing cd van Idc ddng iridu Ion L2Cong nghe khai thac du-a vao the nang ciia thuy trieu Nguyen ly khai thac chung cia cdng nghe dua vao tha nang thiiy trieu la sir dung hd chira da tao chanh lech cot nude tinh Nang lugng dien nang thu dugc phu thugc vao chanh lech cot nude tinh va luu lugng nude qua tuabin Dae diam ciia cdng nghe la phai cd ho chiia va Igi dung quy luat tridu lan va trik xudng da tao chanh lech cot nude titih ciia khdi nude hd va ngoai bien hoac ngugc lai Khi dd ta diing cac tuabin nude dd phat dien Cong nghe khai thac tuong ty nliu cac nha may thuy dien va cd uu diam la giam dugc tinh khong dn dinh ciia nang lugng thiiy indu Tuy nhian cdng nghf cd hd chita eung gap khd khan la phai xay dung dap dj t?o nan hd chua tai cac vimg bien cd diau kien dja hinh, dia chit thuong phitc'tap nen se ton kem va viec van hanh nhjp nhang cac cira van, day la nhirng cdng viec kha phuc tap Tteii han Ndng luong Kv llnidl cdng irinh Van lai vd Cdng nghe Bien Chinh \i \Ci> cong nghe na\ thuong dugc ap dung tai vj tri co dia hinh thuan Igi cho vice \;i\ dung lio chira ma chieu dai tuyen dap nho nhu cac vjnh vung Ciic cting nghe khai ihae the nang thiiy trieu dc phat dien nguai ta thuang co hai sa la cong nghe mgl ho chira va cong nghe hai ho chira Can cir vao dicu kicn dja hinh va che thu) trieu thi \cVi cong nghe mot ho chira eo the khai thac voi cdc so mgt vong dan Irieu len mpl vong dan trieu xuong hoac sa quay vong kcp khai thac ca hai chieu trieu len va Iricu xuong L2.1 Cong nglie khai thac mot ho chua (bS) ! 2.1 } Sir khai ihdc mdi vdng dan trieu xudng Doi vol sa ndy sir dung tuabin mot chieu va chi phat dien Iricu xuong theo ngu\cn ly nhu sau: Khi muc nuac trieu len thi dong van ciia Idy nuoc \ao tuabin vd ma cira la\' nu'irc \ ho chira (lir thai doan to den t|) tai muc nuac ho dat lan nhat va Iricu brn ddu \Liong hodc lai nnrc nuoc giai han tren ciia h6 chua thi dong cira lay nuac vd dpi trieu xuong ihdp han de phdt dien (tir li den t:) Khi tri6u xudng vd chenh lech giua muc nuac Irong ho va muc nuac bien bang Hmm thi bai dau ma eira \ky nuac vao tuabin de phai dien (lir I: den {}) Phdt diC'n den muc nuoc ho xuong muc nuac khai Ihdc ihap nhat (MNC) hoac la chenh lech giua muc nuoc ho vd muc nuac bien nho hon H,,,,,, thi dong cira lay nuac \ tuabin vd dirng phdt dien (lLrl3 den U) Khi muc nuae tridu len den cao Irinh ngu'ong cira lay nuac thi mo cira lay nuoc vao ho, va cir nhu vay qua trinh dime lap lai iheo chu k\ trieu KT TRlgu U 24 2^ 2k 2^ 2^ zi ii jl ji jijl 3^ 36 3^ ji si *ll iTw « W 4^ U 4^ « Hinh 1: Sa I ho chua khai thac vdng dan Iriiu xudng 1.2.1.2 Sa khai ihdc mot vdng dan trieu len Doi vai sa sir dung tuabin mgt chieu va chi phat dien tri^u len theo nguyen ly nhu sau: Khi muc nuac trilu xuong thi dong van cua lay nuac vao tuabin va ma cira xa nuoc vao _ho chira (tir to den t|) tai mue nuac Iio thdp nhat va trieu bit ddu len hoac tai MNC cua ho chira thi dong cira lay nuofc vii dgi trieu Ien cao de phat dien (tir t| d6n 12) Khi trieu len va chenh lech giiia muc nuae bien va muc nuac h6 bing Hmm thi bit dau ma cira lay nuac vao tuabin;de phat dien (tir ii den 13) lioi nghi Khc^ ,,,, ,,., ^ly,,^ , Phat dien den muc nude hd lan muc nude giai ban Iran hoac la chenh Iccli giiia muc nude bidn va muc nude Irong hd nhd hon H„,i„ thi ddng cira liy nude vao tuabm va dirng phat dien (lit 13 dan I4) Khi muc nude triau xudng thi md cira xa nude lir hd bian, va cir nhu vay qua trinh dugc lap lai theo chu ky triau Hinh 2: Sa dd ho chua khai ihdc vdng dan Irieu len 1.2.1.3 Sadd quay vong kep, khai thdc cd Irieu len vd Irieu xudng Ddi vdi so dd sir dung tuabin thuan nghich cd the thay ddi chieu de phat dien ca triau lan va triau xudng, gdm hai pha la pha la phat dien Irieu Idn va pha la phat dien Irieu xudng a Pha 1: phat dien triau lan, theo nguyan ly nhu sau: Khi myc nude triau [an dan chanh lech giOa myc nude bien va muc nuoc I16 bing H„„„ thi md ciia liy nude lir ngoai bien vao tuabin da phat dien Tdi chenh lech giira muc nude bian va muc nude hd bat dau nhd hon H„,„ thi ddng cira liy nude li ngoai vao tuabin (dirng phat dien) va md ciia liy nude de lay nude nhanh vao hd Cho tdi myc nude ho dat Idn nhat va triju bit diu xudng hoac tdi myc nude gidi han tren cua hd thi ddng ciia liy nude va dirng tdi triau xuong Trong thai gian thi ta ciing tien hanh chuyen chiau tua bin va kat thiic pha b Pha 2: phat dien triau xudng, theo nguyan ly nhu sau: Triau xudng ddn chanh lech giiia myc nude hd va myc nugc bien bing Hmin Ihi md ciia liy nude qua tuabin tir hd dd phat dien Tdi chdnh lech giiia myc nuoc ho va myc nude bien nhd hon H„,i„ Ihi dimg phat dien va md cira xa nude cho myc nude hd xudng nhanh ddn MNC Khi myc nude hd xudng dSn MNC thi ddng cua xa nude cho Idi triau lan Trong thdi gian ciing lien hanh chuyen chiau tuabin va kdt thiic pha Qua trinh dugc dian YSL lap di lap lai theo chu ky trilu Tieu ban Ndng tuang, Ky ihiidl cdng irinh Van tdi vd Cdng nghe Bien I Tinh 3: Sa hd chua khai thdc vdng kep 1.2.2 Cong nghe khai thdc hai ho chua (be) Cong nghe khai thac hai ho chira bao gom hai ho ehiia (thugng luu va luu) dugc ngan bai bai dap, nha may dugc dat tai dap ngan giira hai ho chua va ca hai ho dugc ngan vai bien bai dap va co cira lay nuac thong vai bien Tuabin phat dien lien tuc dua vao cot nuac chenh lech giua hai ho chira theo nguyen ly nhu sau: Tai thai diem li, muc nuac ho thugng luu va mue nuoc trieu bang nhau, luc trieu dang ten, cua van be thugng luu ma de cho nuac vao be den mue nuac ho thugng luu dat Ion nhal hoac len tai gioi ban tren thi dong cira lay nuac cua ho thugng luu Toi thai diem 13 thi muc nuac bien bang mue nuae ho luu, trieu tiep tue riit nen tien hanh ma cira van ho luu tai muc nuoc ho luu xuong tai muc nuac thap nhat (min) hoac MNC thi dong cua van Cot nuoc giira hai ho giam dan toi muc nuae bien bang voi mue nuae ho thugng luu va chu ki dugc lap lai Dac diem noi bat ciia sa la tuabin dat giCra hai ho chua boat dpng phat dien suot qua trinh trieu len va trieu xuong vd kha nSng dieu hoa nang lugng thuy trieu la Ion nhat h H U\JC NU6C TRiCu /S'T^^^j, m n w G) a • ^ ' ' ^ • ' V M U C N J O C 8^ HA LUU j 101112iii4ikitin8ia!02 Mile NUAC pf THiinNc; Uu ^$$$$$SS>^^^^^^^ h \ 2^ » 28 2^ 2^ 29 lil 11 3^ 3!) 34 ^ I l l ]b 39 40 41 42 4144 45 46 4^ i • Hinh 4: Sa hai ho chua lam viec dong thdi Lua chon cong nghe h9p ly khai thac nguon nang lirgng dien thiiy trieu vung -bien Dong Bac-Vi^tNam Vimg bien Dong Bac Viet Nam la vung bien thuoc viing vinh Bae Bp keo dai tir mui Tra Co thugc Quang Ninh tgi viing cua Nam Trieu a khu vuc ranh giai giira Quang NinhHai Phong I Idi nghi Khoa nnc va L ong ngne men loan qiioL I liiiv Iricu N iinu Ddng Bdc Ihupc chd dp nhal Iricu thuan nhdt mot cd mpl li nude Idn vi mdi lili nude rdng vdi dp Idn tridu Idn nhat ca nude, trung binh lir (3-4)m viii cac ky nude cudng Ky nude cudng cd tit (3-4) li'ong thang Irong nhirng li dp lc,i xuong ci,a Ihiiy Iridu lai mpl sd thdi didm cd Ihd dat tdi 0,5m/l gid Viimz bicn Ddng Bic cd rat nhiSu lach, vung va vjnh ciing vdi cho dp thiiy triau lima, Igi dc Wiai thac dien ihiiy trieu Che dd thiiy trieu ciia khu vyc la nhal Iricu \'di^ chu ky B T=24h50' irong mot mat trang cd mpl lin nude Idn va mpl lan nuoc thap Dp In trieu A,„a^=490cm, dp Ton iriC-u trung binh ATO=260,n dp cao Irieu Idn nhal ll„„„~47Scni cao tridu ihip nhil ll„„„=-4cm dd cao Irieu trung binh ll|ii=219cm Ihdi gian Iricu dan; rn^l4h \a Ihdi gian Iricu rill Tn-lOh Khu \uc bicn Ddng Bic cd cira vung va lach Idn vdi long dien tich mat nude khoaiij 150km- cd Ihc xem xet khai Ihac dien thiiy trieu vdi ca hai cdng nghe Ihco ddng chay Irici va lao hd chira ii\ nhicn bicn dp Ihiiy Iricu khu vyc Ddng Bac khdng Idn, thdi gian trieu len vi IriC-u xudng keo dai nen van toe Idn nhal ddng chay Iricu d khu vyc cira sdng, lach \a cira vinh dao dgng pham vi lir (0.6^0,8)in ndn khdng phi, hgp vdi cdng nghc khai Ihac kieu ddng tridu, chi phii hgp vdi cdng nghe cd hd chira dd dieu licl phat dica Viing bicn Ddng Bac cd nhidu vung, vjnh vdi dien tich mat nude trieu rut Idn nen phii hpp vdi cdng nghc khai Ihac bang hd chira Do dac diem dia hinh eiia cac vung vjiili vimg bidn Ddng Bac cd dang bian Idi, dia hinh be mat day thap ban nhiau so vdi mat nirac nen \di cdng nghe hai hd chii'a lam vice ddng Ihdi se khdng hieu qua chi phi dau lu lik va chi phi, hgp vdi cdng nghe khai thac mpl hd chira Ihco Bao cao Dc an quy hoach dien thuy trieu Vict Nam thi tai vimg bldn Ddng B^c neu khai thac vdi cdng nghc mgt hd chira va nipt vdng don thi cdng suit lip may cd Ih, cong suat lap may la 480MW va ndu khai Ihac vdi so dd mot hd chira hai vdng kcp 111! cdng suat lap may cd thd dat Idi 550MW [2] Phuong an khai thac dien thuy Irieu tai vung H6ng Van (Hong Van), dao Co To Cd Td la huypn dao thugc linh Quang Ninh vimg bidn Ddng Bic cd diy dii cac dac trung cua chd dp thiiy Irieu khu vyc va didu kien dia hinh de nghian ciiu giai phap khai thae nang lugng dien thiiy triau Do d quanh khu vyc dao khdng co cac ddng hai luu Idn dj lip dat cac he thdng tuabin thiiy trieu nen khdng Ihd sir dung cdng nghe ddng chay tridu dd khai thac Khu vyc giira dja phan Ihi tran Cd Td va xa Ddng Tian cd vung Hdng Van (Hdng Van) dien lich khoang 2.5km-, cira hep, tai day cd tha dap dap lao ho chira dd tich nude trieu dang Diju kien phii hgp vdi phuong an khai thac nang lugng dien thuy tridu bing cdng nglie dSp dap tao hd chiia, phat dien triau xudng Khu vyc nghian cim xay dyng tuyan cdng dap chin ed chieu dai klioang 400m dat lai eua cua vung, each trung tam thi Iran Cd Td khoang 1,5km vd phia Ddng Bic Dia hinh tuong-ddr-baBg-phang thuan Igi cho viee xay dyng nha may, dilu kien dia chit Ihco danh gia so bp CO the xay dung eac cdng Irinh vTnh cuu tai khu vyc cira vung Tieu ban Ndng lugng, Ky ihudt cdng trinh Van tdi vd Cdng nghe Bien BkQ o ; ] ,-: "^ i^^ii-s "^t' "»= - - J ^ Ji-JeKM- i-VI,^i^^3 •^""''"^"^^'^^^n^-.O^', DAO ; ^.^-^r