Hoi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguyen TAI NGUYEN VI THE CAC DAO VEN B NAM TRUNG BO Udng Dinh K h a n h \ Le Dire A n ' Abstract Positional resources of Nam Ttrung Bo coastal islands of Viet Nam Nam Trung Bo coastal island system has about 200 islansd which were distributed on 10 island groups They have advantages on geographycal position and bring many usefiil benenifits about natural resources, economy and national sovereignty The big resource values are included tourism resources and conservation of sea — island biological diversity The big economic values are development of sea transport and sea port, ecotourism and general service center, offshore fishing center, fishing logistics, marine services and revenue of Yen Sao The values of national sovereignly are expansion of the national territory on the sea and security, defense I.MODAU Khai nigm tii nguyen vi the (TNVT) cdn mdi me va chua dupc nghien eiiu nhieu Nguyen Chu Hoi quan nigm: Vi thi dupe hieu l i nhiing Ipi thg so sinh vl phuang dien dia Iy, kha nang khai thic cic gii tri phi vgt chat v i vat chat cua mpt don vi lanh thd nhat dinh [5] Tic gii Le Diic An v i Trin Diic Thanh [4] thi cho ring: TNVT l i nhung gia tri va Ipi ich cd dupc tir vi tri dia ly va cic thudc tinh ve cau tnic, hinh tiie son van vi cinh quan, sinh thii ciia mdt khdng gian, cd the sii dyng cho cac myc dieh phit trien kinh t e - x a hdi, dim bio an ninh qudc phdng va chii quyen quae gia Q cic bii bio dang trudc day, chiing tdi da gidi thieu ve TNVT cua hg thong dao ven bd Viet Nam va cic dio ven bd Nam Bp [2, 3] Dfii vdi cic ^ o ven bd, chiing tdi hieu TNVT la nhung lpi ieh cd dupc tii vi tri khdng gian cua cac dao, vimg dao, ciing nhu tir cich sap xep, phan bo vi til gii tn hinh the cua chiing Trong bii viet niy ehung tdi se phan tich sau vg cic dio ven bd Nam Trung Bd (NTB), mot vimg bien md vdi sfi lupng dio khdng nhilu nhung nhirng gia tri ve TNVT chiing mang lgi rat Idn Doi tupng nghign ciiu v i dinh gii TNVT l i cic dio ven bd NTB phan bo tren them lyc dia thupc phgm vi hinh chinh cua tinh ven bien miln Trung tii Da Nang dgn Binh Thuan KHAI QUAT VE CAC DAO VEN BQ NAM TRUNG BO Cic dio ven bd NTB cd so lupng khoang 200 dao vdi tong dien tich 172,0km^ (chigm 7,21% ve sfi dio v i 9,99% vl dien tich eua cic dio ven bd Viet Nam) Trong sfi 200 dao niy, cd 18 dm ed dign tich >lkm^ vdi tong dign tich 153,54km^ chilm 9% ve so luong nhung chiem den 89,3% dign tieh cua cic dio ven bd NTB v i chilm 9,61 % dign tieh cic dao ven bd Vigt Nam cd dien tich > Ikm^ [1] Cac dio cd dien tich ldn phii kl din Hdn Ldn (Van Ninh -Khanh Hda) 4l,7km^ Hdn Tre (Nha Trang - Khinh Hda) 33,I5km^ Phu Quy 16km^ Cii Lao Cham 15km^ Ly Son 9,97km^ Cii Lao Xanh (Binh Dinh) 3,5km^ Hdn Buih Ba (TX Cam Ranh -Khinh Hoi) 3,6km^, Cii Lao Mii Nha (Tuy An-Phii Ygn) I,2km^ Cii Lao Cau (Tuy Phong -Binh Thuan) l,2km^ Cic dio ven bd NTB phan bo 10 cym dio; Ly Son, Phii Quy, Cii Lao Cham, Nghiem Kieh^Qiilu^H^^n£.Can^ IJdn Khd, Hon Dat, Cu Lao Xanh, Hdn Ldn, Hdn Tre Ngoai cdn cd mpt sfi dio phan bfi dpc lap ven bd nhu Hdn Binh Ba, Cu Lao Cau [6] - Cym dio Ly Son: Nim each TP Quing Ngai 45km vl phia Ddng Bic, gfim cd dio Ly San (Cu Lao Rg) dign tich 9,97km^ v i Cii Lao Bd Bii 0,7km^ - Cym dao Phd Quy: Nim each TP Phan Thiet lOOkm ve phia Ddng Nam, gom 10 dio Idn nhd dupc chia nhdm dao I) nhdm dio Phii Quy cd 06 dao: Phii Quy (Cu Lao Tliu) ldn Viin Dfa Lp - Viin Hdn ldm Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam Kpyiu Hdi nghf Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qude ldn thd H6i Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguyen nhit, khoing 16km^ va cic dao nhd han gfim cd Hdn Tranh, Hdn Giiia, Hdn Den, Hdn Do, Hdn Tning; 2) nhdm dio Hdn Hai cd 04 dio Hon Hii, Hdn Dfi Ldn, Hdn Dfi Nhd, Hon Ty Trong so 10 dio tren chi 6ao Phii Quy cd din smh sdng - Cum dio Cu Lao Cham: Cich phfi cfi Hoi An khoing 20km vl phia Ddng Bic, each TP Di Ning 30km vl phia Ddng Nam, gfim dao Idn nhd, ldn nhat la Cii Lao Chim (cdn goi la Hdn Lao) dign tich 15km^ Cic dao xung quanh cd Hdn Giai dien tich gin Ikm^; Hdn Ong va Hdn Tai dien tich I-2km^ va cac dio nhd khac Hdn Mo, Hdn Li, Hdn Cu, Hdn Khd - Cum dio Cii Lao Xanh- Nim each TP Qui Nhon khoang 20km vl phia Ddng Nam, gom Cu Lao Xanh Idn nhit khoang 3,5km^ va dao nhd khic - Cic cum dao Nghiem Kmh Chilu, Hdn Can, Hdn Khd, Hdn Dat, Hdn Ong Can cd sfi Iupng khoing 21 dao nhd, dign tich chi tir vai den vai chyc ha, nim eich bd bien TP Qui Nhon tir vai tram met din dudi lOkm Chi rieng Hdn Ong Can each bd xa nhat khoing 12 km, - Cum dio Hdn Ldn: Gfim khoing 31 dio cua huyen Vgn Ninh va Ninh Hoi, dd Hdn Ldn (cdn gpi Ii Hdn Bi) cd dign tich Idn nhat khoing 41,7km^ nim in ngir phia ngoii cua vinh Van Phong Xung quanh Hdn Ldn la cac dio nhd khic nhu Hdn Dd (0,075 km^) d phia Nam; Hon Ddi (0,I95km^), Hdn Khd ( 0,05km^), Hdn Trau Nim ( 0,01 km^) d phia Ddng v i Ddng Bic; Hdn Mai ( 0,07km^), Hdn Me ( 0,1 Ikm^), Hdn Dung ( , l k m \ Hdn Den (0,015km^) d phia Tay; Hdn Bip (l,5km^) d phia Tay Bie; Hdn Sang (0,95km^), Hdn Ong (0,81km^) d phia Bac va rat nhilu dao nhd khac nira Trong sfi cac dio ehl cd dio Ii Hdn Ldn va Hdn Bip cd din sinh song - Cum dio Hdn Tre: Bao gfim khoing 24 dio Idn, nhd phan bfi ca phia va ngoii cua vinh Nha Trang, Idn nhat Ii dio Hdn Tre dien tich 33,15km^ Vl phia Nam cdHdn Mpt(0,46km\ Hon Mun (l,31km\ Hdn Ndi (0,5km^), Hdn Ngogi (0,08km^); phia Tay Nam cd Hdn Tim (l,Ikm^), Hdn Milu (I,04km^); phia Dong Bac cd Hdn Vung (0,44km^), Hdn Cau (0,3km^), Hdn Cha La (0,87km^); phia Tay Bic cd Hdn Cii Lao (0,25km^), Hdn Mit (0,02km^), Hdn Cut Chim (0,05km^); phia Ddng cd Hdn Npc (0,04 km^) va rat nhieu dao nhd khac Diem dae sic ciia cac cym dio ven bd NTB khac vdi cac ddi bd khic eiia Vigt Nam Ii su phin bo cua chiing ket hpp vdi eae doi cat noi dao va dudng bd bien da tao nen cic viing vinh ven bd nfii tiing nhu eic vinh: Xuan Dai, Van Phong, Nha Trang, Cam Ranh Ve mgt hinh chinh, fag tiifing dio ven bd NTB cd huyen dao; Ly Scm va Phu Qui Cling vdi xa dio true thupc cac don vi hinh chinh tren bd la: xa Tan Higp (Cu Lao Chim) tiiudc TX Hdi An, xa Nhon Chau (Cii Lao Xanh) tiiupc T.P Qui Nhon, xa Vgn Thgnh (Hdn Ldn) thufic huygn Van Ninh, phudng VTnh Nguyen ( Hdn Tre) thufic T.P Nha Trang va xa Cam Binh (Hdn Binh Ba) tiiudc TX Cam Ranh NHCTNG L O I T H E V E VI TRi DIA LY CUA CAC D A O VEN B() NAM TRUNG BQ 3.1 Vi tri dia ly nim dai nhiSt ddi gid miia khdng co miia dong Ignh Cic dio ven bd NTB ed uu till hon so vdi cac dao ven bd Bic Bp va Bic Trung Bp vl dilu kign hgu nang ndng quanh nam, it chiu infa hudng cua bao, thuan Ipi cho sinh trudng ciia cay trong, vat nudi; cho sy phit trien da dgng ciia thi gidi sinh vat vung trieu v i biln ndng ven bd quanh cic dao; thuan Ipi cho hogt ddng sin xuat va du Iich 3.2 Vi tri cua ngo dat lien I* " d eua ngo dat Uln cac dio ven bd cd dilu kign phit triln cic trung tam giao Nam thuangg qufic tl dudng biln, dudng bp, hing khdng; tiiyc hign cac dich vy van tii biln, cang bien, dich vy ngin hang, tiiuang mgi, nudi trfing hii sin, phit triln cac loai hinh du lich (siri tiiai, nghi dudng, lgn biln ) dfing tiidi cdn Ii cic vpng gic cd chiie nang kilm soit tau be vio cing song 3.3 Vi tri tiln tigu trgn bien ^ung lpi ieh mang Igi tii yiu to TNVT eua cic dao va cym dao ven bd NTB la rat to Idn, bao gom: md rpng chu quyin lanh tho qufic gia tren biln, bio vg viing chic an ninh viing biln dio Kyyiu Hpi nghf Khoa hge Dia ip tgdn gudc ldn tha 7~ Hoi Dia ly Vigt Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguyen ven bd v i lanh hii NTB; phit trien khai thac tii nguyen biln (hii sin, dau khi), phit triln cac logi hinh dich vu biln (giao thdng, vin tii, dich vy hau can nghe ca, ciiu hd, thuang mai); phat trien du lich sinh thii, nghi dudng, 3,4 Vi tri sap xgp cua cac dao Vdi each sap xep cua cac dio dudi dgng don le, cum phan bd xa bd hogc gin bd ciing vdi hinh the da dgng v i dp cao cua cac dio da mang lai nhieu Ipi ich to Idn vl an ninh qufic phdng doi vdi viec xay dyng cic trgn dia phdng thii bao vg dat nude, quan ly viing bien, tgo cic viing vinh km gid, hinh thinh cic cang nude siu, la nai tiu be tni ngy tranh bao NHUNG LOI ICH MANG LAI TI/ GlA TRI T A I NGUYEN VI THE CUA CAC D A O VEN B N A M T R U N G BO 4.1 Lpi ich ve gia tri tai nguyen 4.2 Lpi ich ve gia tri tai nguyen du lich Gia tri ve tii nguyen du ljch cua cac dao ven bd NTB phong phii v i da dang, dupc danh gia li the mgnh v i Ipi the ve mgt ty nhign so vdi cac vimg dio khic tiong ci nude, bdi: - Dilu kign hau va ty nhien thich hpp cho cic hogt ddng du Ijeh till thao, nghi dudng, du lich sinh thii suot ci nam - Nhilu thing cinh dep nfii tieng tren cac dio, nhu: cinh quan cac dgng dia hinh mii lua tren dio Ly Son, Phii Qui; cinh quan cac vich diing tu nhien quanh cic dio Cii Lao Cham, Cii Lao Xanh, Phii (Jui ; canh quan viing vjnh Van Phong, Nha Trang, Xuan Dai, Qui Nhon - He sinh thii bien-dio da dgng vdi nhilu Ioai dpng, thyc vat dae hiiu cd siic hip dan du Iich nhu cic dio: Cu Lao Chim, Ly Son, Phii Qui, Cii Lao Xanh, Cii Lao Mii Nha, Hdn Ldn, Hdn Tre, Hon Mun, Cii Lao Cau - Cd nhieu bai tim dep hoang so vdi cat tring v i nude biln xanh nhu d Cii Lao Cham, Hon Ldn, Cii Lao Xanh, Hdn Tre, Ly San, Phii Qui - Chiia dung nhieu di tich hch sii van hoi, khio cd, Ig hpi trayin thfing die sic; nfii bat nhat la di chi khio co, dinh chiia, mieu mang dam cac gia tri kiln true - van hoi ciia ngudi Cham ( Cii Lao Cham, Phii Qui, Ly Scm); di chi khio cd nen van hoi Sa Huynh (Phii Qui, Hon Tre); Ie hdi dua thuyen, Ie cau ngu, Ie tl t i n hien (Cii Lao Cham, Ly Son, Phii Qui) 4.3 Lai ich ve da dang sinh hoc Cic dio ven bd li nai tip tnmg the gidi sinh vat bien- dao da dgng, phong phii Ii tiln dl cho sy hinh (hanh cic khu du trii sinh quyen v i khu bio tfin bign Hign Vigt Nam cd khu vyc ven bien va hai dio dupc Uy ban sinh quyen v i ngudi (MAB) thudc UNESCO cdng nhan la khu dy tru sinh quyen thi gidi v i 15 khu bio ton biln qudc gia dupc Chinh phu Vigt Nam cdng nhgn Trong so cd 01 khu dy tru sinh quyen thi gidi Cii Lao Cham v i 05 khu bio tfin bien (Cu Lao Chim, Ly Son, Hdn Mun, Cu Lao Cau, Phii Quy) nam hg thfing cic dio ven bd NTB Dieu da mang Iai nhilu gii tri quy gii vl bio ve ngudn gen, da dgng sinh hpc vi phit triln kinh te bien- dao cua vimg biln NTB - Khu dy trii smh quyen the gidi Cii Lao Chim sd huu rgn san hd rpng 165 Viing nude quanh dio cd 947 Ioai sink vgt sfing Trong dd cac loai c i bien sfing tren ran san hd 178 loai, 80 giot^ vi 32 hp; rong bien 122 loai; thuc vit phii du 215 loii; dfing vgt phii du 87 Ioai; san hd: 134 loii, thupc 40 giongTffiin mim 144 loii, giip xic 25 loii, da gai 21 loii, giun 21 Ioai Tren dio tiiim thuc vat cd dp che phii tucmg doi Idn, Wioing 60 - 70% vdi kilu thim thuc vat rimg thudng xanh cay la rpng nhigt ddi, phan bfi chu yiu d dp cao tir 50m din 500m chilm dign tich ldn nhat Bay la kieu thim rimg cd nhieu cay go quy nhu Go biln, Huynh, Lim xet Mgc dii chi mdi nghien cuu d dp cao 100 m trd xufing, song qua thong kg cho thay he tiiyc vgt Cii Lao Chim cd 499 loai thupc 352 chi, 115 hp cua nganh thyc vgt bgc cao cd mach Trong dd cd tdi 342 loai cd ich, die bigt nhdm cay lam thufic cd sy tgp trung nhilu nhit tdi 116 loii, chilm 22,8% tfing so Ioai thong ke wqc Hg thue vat Cu Lao Chim ciing da phat hign tfing sfi nginh thuc vat bgc cao ciia He Kyyiu Hpi nghf Khoa hgc Dfa ly todn gudc ldn tha Hoi Dia ly Vigt Nam Dgi hoc Thai Nguyen tiiuc vat Viet Nam Niu so sanh thi d Cii Lao Cham chilm 1/20 tong so loai, gin 1/6 tong sd chi vi gin 1/2 tfing sfi hp ciia thuc vgt Vigt Nam Hign Cii Lao Cham cd 12 loai thii, 13 Ioai chim, 130 loai bd sit v i loii Ich nhai Trong sd nay, ding chii y cd dudi dii va chim yen la Ioai dupc dua vao Sach Dd Dong vat Viet Nam [7] - Khu bao tfin biln Hdn Mun nim Vinh Nha Trang bao gdm cac dio nhu Hdn Tre, Hdn Milu, Hdn Tim, Hdn Mdt, Hdn Mun, Hdn Cau, Hon Vung, Hdn Ram, Hdn Npc v i viing nude xung quanh Dign tich khu bio tdn khoing I60km^ gfim 38 km^ mat dit va khoang 122 km vimg nude xung quanh cac dao Kit qui khio sat da dgng smh hpc va sinh cu khu bao ton bien cho tiiiy Hdn Mun li noi cd rgn san hd phong phii, da dgng nhit Viet Nam va cd tam quoc te bdi so loii tuong tu nhu d tnmg tam till gidi ve da dgng san hd d khu vyc An Dp- Thii Binh Duong O day da tim thiy 340 tfing sfi hon 800 loai san hd ciing tren tiie gidi cimg vai nhieu Ioai ci song ran san hd vi smh vat viing biln nhiet ddi Khu bio tfin biln Hdn Mun la dia diem Iy tudng cho nghign ciiu khoa hpc sinh vat bien, cho boat dfing du Uch Ian bien khim phi tiie gidi dgi duong 4.4 Loi ich ve kinh tl 4.4.1 Phdt triin giao thdng vpn tdi, cdng biin Lpi ich niy tiiufic vl dao Hdn Ldn Cung vdi hdn Khii Luang (von trudc day la dio da dupc nfii vdi dat liln bing doi cit noi dao tgo nen bin dao Hdn Gom), Hdn Ldn nam in ngu phia cua vinh Van Phong da tgo nen lach nude sau Cfi Cd, cho hep nhit khoing 700m, eho rpng nhit tdi 1500m va dp sau trung binh eua lgch 20-30m, cung nhu tao cho vinh Van Phong km va khuit gio vi la noi thuin Ipi cho xay dung cing bien nude sau quoc tl cd tiie tilp nhgn duoc tin container sue chd 000 - 15.000 TEU hogc ldn ban, tiu chd dau 30 - 40 van DWT vio cing Ciing nhd Vl tri nim cgnh dii dat liln cye don^ cua To qufic, each hii phgn qufic tl khoing 22km, gan nga ba cac tuyen hing hii Chiu Au-Bic A, Chau Uc - Ddng Bic A va Ddng Nam A- Ddng Bic A, lai cd tuyin dudng QLIA va dudng sit Bic - Nam chay qua, QL26 ndi vdi Tay Nguyen (Budn Mg Thupt) da tao cho Vinh Van Phong ndi chung va dao Hon Ldn ndi rieng ed tiim nang dl phit trien kinh tl tong hpp, dfing thdi la dia diem cd nhilu lpi thi dl xay dyng cing bien quoc te va eo sd ddng tau qui md ldn 4.4.2 Hinh cdc trung tam du lich sinh thdi, nghidir&ng va dich vu tong hgp biin dao Uu thi ndy thupe ve cum ddo Hdn Tre, Cit Lao Chdm, Hdn Ldn: - Cum ddo Hdn Tre - trung tdm du lich sinh thai vd dich vu tdng hgp biin ddo tdm qudc gia vd qudc ti: thign nhien ban tgng cho vinh Nha Trang ndi chimg va cum dio Hdn Tre ndi rieng nguon tai nguyen du Ueh vd gii Dd chinh la hgu im ip quanh nam, khu bio ton bien Hdn Mun da dang ve the gidi sinh vat viing bien ven bd va viing trieu thupc Ioai bgc nhat nude ta, cac bai eat min, canh quan hoang so tren dio epng vdi diu tu cua ngudi da Iam tao nen trung tam du lieh sinh thai bien dao tam cd quoc gia v i qufic tl Nhilu Dy an phat trien du Iich va dich vy tfing hpp da dupc diu tu cho cym dao Hdn Tre; khu du Iich Con Se Tre, Vinpearl resort & spa, khu du lich sinh thii vi Thi gidi nude Vinpearl, Cdng vien van hda Vinpearl, Cdng vien van hda Hdn Tre, khu du Iich Bai Sdi, khu bigt thu va sin gdn Vinpearl, khu resort cao cap Bai Rgn; thuy cung Tri Nguyen tren dio hdn Mieu, hg thong cip treo nfii khu du Iich Vinpearl tren dio Hdn Tre vdi cing ciu da TP.-Nha-Tiang -Cling nhd cd sy diu ty m i cum dio Hdn Tre ngoii vigc thu hiit duac nhieu khach du Iich din vui choi, giai tri cdn li nai duoc chpn tfi chiic nhilu su kign Idn nude v i the gidi nhu: to ehiic cic cupc thi hoa hau Vigt Nam, hoa hgu thi gidi ngudi Vifit, hoa h ^ hoan vu the gidi cung nhieu cupc hpp, hpi nghi quan khic va xung ding vdi ten gpi "Hdn Ngoc Viit" da dupc dgt cha - Cit Lao Chdm, cum ddo cd nhieu dim ndng cho phdt tnin du lieh sinh thdi Cu Lao Chim li cym dio cd Iich sir phit triln dia chat lau dii, de Igi nhilu dau in dpc dao trgn nen da goc va dia hinh Dd la tinh bit doi xiing vdi sudn ddng dfic diing, sudn tay thoai; la cic bl mat san bing, cic Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn thd Hoi Dia ly Viet Nam Dgi hpc Thai Nguygn bac thim biln, bai bien, eic sudn cd hinh thii va dp ddc khic Thign nhien da ban tang Cii Lao Cham cac tai nguyen du hch dia mao quy gia, dd li cac bai bien thoai vdi nin cat min, sgch, nim xen giiia cac mdm nhd da vdi nhiing net chgm trd ddc dk>, cac vich da ky vT, khoi da da dang vl hinh till vi dgc bigt la hang Yen tren cac bd vich di ddc Cii Iao Chim da dgng ve cac loai cua nganh thyc vat bgc cao vi cac loai ddng vgt Dang chu y d day li nhdm cdy cdnh vdi su phong phii cua lui vd lan huyit nhung tia Hign da phat hign dupe nhieu cay tue cd tuoi tien ba tram nam, hinh dgng lg mat Vimg bien ven bd quanh dao Cii Lao Cham gom cic hg sinh thai vimg triiu, he sinh thii ran san hd da dgng vi phong phu eic Ioai, gifing smh vat bien Trong dd he sinh thii rgn san ho li san pham ciia vimg bien nhiet ddi vi cung rat dien hinh d dio Cii Lao Chim Tgi day cd thi md hudng du hch lgn bign hoac trang bi tin cd kinh dg quan sat san hd Vdi Ipi the ve tiim nang tu nfaien khdng thua kem dao Hdn Tre (Khinh Hoa); neu duac diu tu mgnh me, Cu Lao Cham xiing dang trd thinh trung tam du Iich sinh thii bien- dao va dich vu thuang mgi tim qufic gia va qufic tg, li diem ddn khach du Uch nude va qufic te den vdi Hui, D i Nang, Hpi An va dia My Son - Vmh Vdn Phong- ddo Hon Ldn, trung ldm du lich vd dich vu tdng hgp tdm gudc ti ndi den phit trien du lieh Hdn Ldn, khdng the tach rdi Hdn Ldn vdi vjnh Van Phong Do vi tri nam sat bd, CO cing biln nude sau Dim Mdn, vinh Van Phong- Hdn Ldn dupe coi Ii mfit nhung khu du lich sinh thai biln dep nhat nude ta va trang khu vuc, dgc biet la hg sinh thii ty nhien cdn hoang so thufic vio Ioai hilm d Ddng Nam A Van Phong - Hdn Ldn c6 hg thong dio va ban dio, vinh sau kin gio, Ii khu vuc cd hg sinh thai rimg nhiet ddi, rimg ngap man, ddng thyc vat bien ndng ven bd phong phii da dgng vdi khoang 350 loii san hd qui hilm cimg 270 loii tdm ca v i tren 30 bai tim hiu hit van cdn hoang so Vdi nhiet dp am ip quanh nam, canh quan dae sie v i mdi trudng ty nhien giii dupc vg nguyen ven chua bi d nhiem day la noi cd ^ l u kign ly tudng dl xay dung thinh mpt khu du Uch bien v i dich vy tong hop bip dan du khich quoc te v i nude Lpi the nira Ii Van Phong - Hdn Ldn nim d trung tam vimg Ddng Nam A, vdi khoing each gin nhu tdi tiiii ciia cae nude khu vuc; ^ y cung li mdt uu thi phit triln du lich vi chi sau gid bay du khich cd thi tdi dupc diem nghi ngoi tuygt vdi 4.4.3 Hinh thdnh cdc trung tdm ddnh bdt xa bd, hau can nghe ed vd dieh vu hdng hdi, cOu hp tren biin Lgi thi ndy thuPc vi cdc cum ddo ndm xa bd nhu Lp San, Phii Qup • - Vdi Ipi the gin eic ngu trudng Idn, ngudi dan lai cd trayen thfing lay ddi vl nghe dinh bit xa bd, Ly Son hoan toan cd the trd thinh mpt tnmg tam danh bat va che bien hii san, dich vy nghe ci eho ca vimg biln phia bic NTB D I lim duoc dilu nay, ^ i hdi Ly Son phai dupc diu tu xay dyng cang ci ldn va noi tni dau tau be an toin gid bao Dau tu cic co sd cung ting vat tu, xang dau, thyc pham, nude di, thu mua, bio quan va so che hii sin Ngoii ciing can phit trien cic dich vy thdng bio luong ci, thdng bio tuong hii van, sira chira co khi, to chiic cic dich vu eiiu ngn, ciiu hd tren bien ed thien tai nhu bao to, dpng dat, sdng than, hoic cic nii TO tren bien, cic thim hpa mdi trudng (tran dau, chiy no, ) v i cac dich vy dong bfi khac tren dio nhu thuang mgi, ngan hang, thdng tin Ugn lgc, y tl - Nim kl cic tuyin giao thdng biln npi dia v i qufic tl tir TP Hfi Chi Minh di Hai Phdng, Hong Kdng, Hin Qufic, Tokyo, Xingapo, nam tren tuyin dudng danh bit hii sin cua cac ngu dan ven.bieiLthupfif.flfi tinh Mien Tning va Nam Bp; nam an ngir phia bac be chiia dau Cuu Long vi Nam Cdn Scm, d gan Trudng Sa nhat so vdi bit cii dio hoic cing nio vung; Phii Qui giu vai tro vj tri thugn Ipi nhat viec trung chuyen hing hoi tir dat lien cho quan dio Trudng Sa, Ii tiung tam phit triln dieh vy cho khoan tham dd, khai thic dau khi, dich vy hing hii, thuang mgi quoc te, nai tni dgu tiu thuyin cd bao Idn Neu dupc d ^ tu manh cic edng trinh hg tang co sd nhu cing biln, xi nghigp siia chiia tiu thuyen, diu tu cho phit trien ndng nghiep, cho bio tfin va luu giir ngufin nude mgt kit hpp vdi nude ngim; Phu Qui se cd dii dilu kign cung cip nude ngpt, Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dfa lp todn gudc ldn thd Hpi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hoc Thii Nguyen rau xanh cho dao Tradng sa, cho tau thuyen qua Igi tren vimg bien nay, cho dich vu khoan tham dd dau 4.4.4 Lgi ieh hinh te to ldn ta ngudn thayensdo Trong he thdng dao ven bd Viet Nam, chi nhat tgi mot sfi dao ven bd NTB cd chim yen lim tfi Uu the niy Ifaudc ve cum dio Hdn Tre v i cum dio Cii Lao Chim Trong cym dio Hdn Tre cd tdi dao ( Hdn Ngogi, Hdn Npi, Hdn Ho, Hon Chi Li, Hdn Dun, Hdn Mun, Hdn Npc, Hdn Xi Cir) cd chim yin lim to Sfi lupng din chim yin tai Khanh Hoa hign khoang 500.000 vi hing nam cho nguon loi khoing 2000kg yin sio vdi nguon thu tii 90-120 ty ddng cho tinh Khinh Hoa (theo Nguyin Quang Phich, 2008) Tgi cic dao nhd cym dao Cii Lao Cham nhu Hdn Mfi, Hdn La, Hdn Cy v i Hdn Khd ciing la nhiing noi cd dieu kign sinh thii thich hpp cho chim yin lam to, dem lgi ngufin thu ldn cho ngudi dan tren dio Yen hing d Cii Lao Chim diing hing thii hai sau Khanh Hoi vl sin Iupng khai thic, hing nam thu dupc khoing 650kg [5] 4.5 Lpi ich vg chii quyen va an ninh quoc phong trgn bien 4.5.1 Md rpng lanh tho quoc gta trin biin Cd till COI Ipi ich Idn nhit tir gii tri TNVT cac dio ven bd NTB dem lgi l i lanh thfi qufic gia tren biln dupc md rdng nhd vi tri khdng gian ciia eac dao Ly Son, Hdn Ong Can, Hdn Ddi, Hdn Hii Trong tuyen bfi cua Chinh phii nude CHXHCNVN ngiy 12/11/1982 vl dudng co sd dung de tinh chilu rdng lanh hii, dudng gom 11 digm co sd tir AI din Al thi cd tdi diem dupe in dinh tgi cac dao ven bd NTB Dd li Hdn Hii (Phu Qui) diem A6, Hdn Ddi (trong cym dao Hdn Ldn ) A7, Hdn Ong Can ( Binh Dinh) A9 v i Ly Son AIO Nhd cd sy md rpng m i viing ndi tfauy va lanh hii NTB cd nhieu ngu trudng tiim nang ldn ve hii sin Ngoai vung dae quyen kinh te vi thim lyc dia khu vuc bien NTB ciing dupc md rpng vg phia bd doi dien vdi cic qufic gia la Philippin, Inddnexia Day cd the coi la tai sin vd gia cua nude ta 4.5.2 Bdo vi an ninh quoc phdng, giif vitng chu quyen cho ddt liin vd vdng biin - ddo Loi ich vg bio ve an ninh qudc pfadng la vd cimg quan trpng bdi vi tri, dign tich, hinh the, su phan bo cua cic dao va cum dio ven bd NTB Cd till thiy Ipi thi thupc vl cac dio Ly San, Phii Qui, Cii Lao Cham, Cu Lao Xanh, Hdn Ldn, Hdn Tre Chiing thupc Iogi "die dja", ching nhung cd gia tri cho md rdng vimg ndi thuy m i cdn li co sd viing chic cho quin ly, bao vg chu quyin, giu viing an ninh chinh tri vimg biln va dii dit liln NTB Dio Ly Son qua khii da ddng vai trd quan trpng la nai xuat phat cua cic chien tiiuyln viee quin ly, tuan tra bio vg quin dio Hoang Sa v i Trudng Sa Ngay nay, vdi vi tii tien tigu vimg bien phia Bac NTB, Ly Son cd nghia vy nang ne bio dim chu quyin qufic gia vimg biln, va nhu mdt tien dfin, bio vg loan v?n lanfa tho dat liln ben Ly Son phan bfi khdng xa dit bin, dien tich dii ldn, ddi sfing kinh te tni phii, Igi cd dio Be bgn canh, rat tiiugn loi cfao xay dung cac can cii quan sy Ugn hpp, ho trp Ian tic chien, bio dim nang bio ve vung bien-dio v i dat lien Dia binh Ly Son eiing rat thuan Ipi cho su dung vio quoc phdng, vdi khoing 1/4 dign tich dio Ii doi, phan bfi d c i phia Dong Bic va Tay Bic dio cho phep khfing ehl vung bien rpng Idn quanh dio, v i bio vg tryc tiep cic khu din cu, khu kinh tl va cac cdng trinh lieh suvan hda tren dao - Phii Quy Ii dio cd dign tich tuong doi Idn (I6km^), nim d vi tri xa bd tren lOOkm va dung Ig loi ngoirviing biln khoi ciia-NTB tren chilu dai gin 1000km (tir dao Ly Son din quan dio Cdn Son) Dilu khiln dio Phii Qui trd tfaanh hdn dao chiem vi tri dpc ton tign biln cue NTB ed vai tid quan trpng vigc kiem soit eic tuyin dudng bien npi dia v i quoc tl Dia hinh Phu Qui cd dgng cao nguyen, vdi cac dinh nhu nui Cam (I08m), mii Cao Cit (86m) d phia bic va mii 6ng Dyn (46m) d phia Nam la nhiing vi tri phdng tfau die dia tren dao, cho phep quan sat mpt vung biln rpng Idn xung quanh ^ vdi tim nhm hing chyc hii Iy Cpng vai cay den biln xay dyng trgn niii Cam, dao Phii Qui la dilm dupc tiu be djnh vi qua lgitirenviing bien rpng ldn cye NTB - Tuy nam gin bd, chi cich co Hdi An khaing 20km vl phia Dong Bic, cich TP Da N^jg 30km vl phia Ddng Nam; dio Cii Lao Chim vdi vi tri dpc tdn trgn biln nim g i i vai trd trpng Kyyiu Hdt nghi Khoa hgc Dia ip todn gudc ldn thoT H6i Dja Ij- Viet Nam Dgi hoc Thai Nguygn yiu dim bio an ninh quoc phong vung biln ven bd Di Ning - Quang Nam, Tir cac dinh cao tren dao nhu Hdn Biln (517m), Hdn Dgi (326m) cho phep kiem soit tiu be qua lai tren vimg bien dai kfaoing 90km tir bin dao Son Tri den vyng Dung Quit va kiem soit tiu be vao bien Cira Dai Ngoii cdn cho phep bo tri cic vi tri pfadng thii tren cic dio nhd nhu dinh cao 212m Hdn Tai (nim phia Ddng Nam), dinh cao 196m tren Hdn La (nim vl phia Tay Bic) tgo nen mdt thi trin phdng thu lien hoan v i hd tra cho giiia cic dao Cac bd dao cua cum dao Cii Lao Cham chu ygu la vich doc dung diing gay khd khan cho xam nhip lgn dao - Cii Lao Xanh la dao tien tieu va giii vi tri ddc tdn tren bien, an ngii viing biln dai khoang 250km tir Quang Ngai din Khinh Hoa Dieu niy khiln cho vai trd cua Cu Lao Xanh cing trd nen quan vdi tracfa nfaiem bao ve an ninh chii quyen lanh tho dat liln va vung biln ndi thuy cac tinh pfaia bic NTB, noi cd chilu rdng vung npi thuy khdng Idn (kfaoing 12-15 km) Cimg vdi ciy den bien dupe xay dyng tren dao, Cii Lao Xanh cdn la diem dinh vi cho tau be qua lai viing bien Qui Nhon va cap cang Qui Nhon, la diem ciru hp, ciiu nan, tni an cho tau be danh ca qua lai vimg bien moi cd bao Lpi the ve mat quan sy ciia Cii Lao Xanh dupc the hien rd net sii dung cic dinh cao 120m d phia Ddng va dinh cao I29m d phia Tay ciia dio xay dyng cac vpng gic tien tieu cd tam quan sit khdng ban che v i khdng hi che khuit Tgi cac diem eao niy cdn CO mat bing rpng cho phep xiy dyng sin bay tryc thing da chien Xung quanh dao chu yiu la cac vich doc diing, ed the bo tri cac cdng trinh phdng thu quan sy tren dao de bao ve dao v i dat liln cd eic cufic xam Ian bang dudng thuy - Mac dii nam gin bd, song dio Hdn Tre dupc coi nhu dio tien tieu va vpng gie ven bd canh giir, biovg an ninh chu quyen vimg bign ndi thuy va vung lanfa fail ven bd tinfa Khanfa Hoa Tgi cac dinh cao Hdn Ldn (4I4m) nam d phia Ddng v i dinh Hdn Tre (482m) d phia Tay vdi tim nhin khdng bj ehe khuit cho phep kiem soit toin bd tau be qudc te va tiu dinh ci qua Iai vimg biln Khinh Hoi Dio Hdn Tre cdn ddng vai trd dinh vj eho tau be qua Igi vimg bien Khanh Hoi va vao vjnh Nfaa Trang - Vdi Ipi thi la dio ed dign tich kha ldn (41,73 km\ Iai cd cic dilm cao 567m (djnh nin Bi Ldn), diem cao 394m (^nfa Miii Cd) tam nfain kfadng bi cfae kfauit, cd tfae quan sat ca vimg bien rpng ldn ven biln cic tinh Binh Dinh, Phii Yen, Khinh Hoi da tao cho dio Hdn Ldn trd vpng gic ven bd, canh gic giii viing an ninh chu quyin dat liln va vimg lanh hii rpng Idn tren viing bien NTB nude ta Dfing thdi vua Ii tim binh phong chin sdng to, gid Idn cho vinh Van Phong, bao vg cic khu kinh tl, hii cang bgn vinh Tren dio cd the xay dyng sin bay tryc thang, hg thong da, tgn Iiia, he thong phdng thu d phia bd ddng ciia dio cfao pfaep ngan chgn tir xa cic cude ^ kich, dfi bd bing dudng bien, dudng kfadng vio dat liln nude ta MOT VAl DE X U A T SlT DyNG HIEU QUA TAI NGUYEN VI THE CAC D A O VEN Bd NAM TRUNG BO 5.1 D I Tii nguyen vi thi cua cic dao ven bd Nam Trung Bo ngiy cing duac phat huy thi manh, xin neu mpt vai dl xuit sau diy: S.I.I Xay dung dao Hdn L&n thknh khu kinh te cda khiu bi€a-dao khu vuc Nam Trung Bp cin nghign cim, dau tu xay dyng cay ciu Idn day vang vdi chien dii tir 2-2,5km noi bin dao Hdn Gom (dat liln) vdi dio Hdn Ldn va xay dyng co sd hg ting, tuyin dudng quanh dio Hdn EffinKla"H^"didT*dp"dio Hdn Ldn gan kit dupc vdi cic trac ddng lyc va trung tam kinh tl ven biln' Di Ning, Quang Ngai, Qui Nhon, Tuy Hoi, Nha Trang eiing nhu kit nfii vdi eic tinfa Tay Nguyen, cac nude bgn Lio, Campuchia, Tliii Lan tiidng qua eic ciia khau v i tuyin hanh Along lang Ddng Tay, QL.14B, QLI4C,I4E, QLI9, QL26 Xay dung cang nude siu Dim Mdn Hon Ldn trd trung tam, diu mfii giao thdng dudng thuy nude v i qufic tl Day se Ii cing bien cd chuc nang tong hpp v i trang chuyin hang hoa giiia cac tinh NTB vdi cic tinh ven bien khic c i nude v i cac nude khu vuc, trudc hit la vdi eac nude ASEAN Hon Ldn se tid thinh khu kinh tl cua khau dio- bien d NTB vdi cac nude Dong Nam A va Ddng Bic A Khai %Pyiu Hpi nghf Khoa hge Dia lp todn qudc ldn tha H6i Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguyen thac quy dit tren cum ^ o Hdn Ldn cho phat triln ca sd hg tang, khu chi xuit, kho hang, ben bai, san bay, cic co sd du Iich, djch vu, hau can nghe ci 5.1.2 Ddu tumanh mehcfn nita eho huyen dao Ly San vdPhd Qui Mgc dii da dupc quan tam nhieu nam qua ve diu tu nang cap xay dyng he thong cau cang, dudng giao thdng tren dio, ke chong xdi Id bd bien, bio tfin tdn tgo cac gii trj di tich ljch sir van hoi nhung van ehua du Ly Son va Phu Qui tuong lai gan cin duac dau tu nhigu ban nua dl trd trung tam trang chuyen nhan va vat luc cfao Hoang Sa, Trudng Sa, cho phit trien danh bit hii sin jca bd va djch vy nghi ci, dich vy giao thdng hang hai, cihi hd, cho phat trien ndng nghigp, Iam nghigp, phat trien du lieh va trd tfaanh mpt cin cir viing chac, tien ddn bao ve chii quyen vung bien NTB 5.1.3 Nghien cuu di dn xdy dung Cd Lao Cham trd thdnh mdt huyen ddo Vdi tiem ning va Ipi the khdng thua kem dio Hdn Tre (Nha Trang), niu dupe diu tu manh me, tuong lai khdng xa Cu Iao Cham se trd tiianh " Hon Ngoc Viet" tini hai ciia Vigt Nam tfau hiit du khich gin xa De lam dupc dieu niy, trade hit can nghien eiiu xay dung cym dao Cu Lao Chim trd tfaanh mdt huygn dio (giong nhu Phii Qui, Ly Son) de cd digu kign phit huy manh me han niia tigm nang tfal mgnfa ciia minh T A I LIEU THAM K H A O Le Diic An, 2008 Hi thdng ddo ven bd Viet Nam, tdi nguyin vd phdt tnin NXB KHTN&CN, 199 tr Ha Ndi Le Diic An, 2008 Tdi nguyin vi thi hi thdng ddo ven bd Viet Nam Tuyin tap BCKH, HNKHDCB toan quoc lin I "Dia chdt biin Viit Nam vd phdt tnin bin vitng" tr.396-402, NXB KHTN&CN, HiNdi Le Diic An, Udng Dinh Khanh, Nguyen Ngpc Thinh, 2009 Tdi nguyin vi thi cde ddo ven bdNam Bp vdi vdn di an ninh qude phong vdphdt triin kinh ti - xdhdi T ^ chi KH&CN Biln sfi 4/2009, tr.77-87, HaNpi Le Diic An, Tran Diic Thgnh, 2010: Vl vj tri dia Iy v i vj till Thing Long - TTHT KH QT "Phdt triin bin vung Thii d6 Hd Ndi vdn hiin, anh hiing, vi hda binh ", HN - 9/10/2010, 969 - 980 - Nxb DHQGHN, H i Npi Nguyen Chu Hfii, 2005 Cc^sti'fii; «gwyeni^md//nfl3Wg&7i« Nxb DHQGHN, 305tt, HaNpi Udng Dmh Khanh, Lg Dire An, Nguyen Ngpc Tfaanh, 2008 Ddnh gid gid tri tdi nguyin vi thi cdc ddo ven bdNam Trung Bp Bao eio chuyen de Dy an so 14, 61 trang, luu tgi Vign Tii nguyen v i Mdi trudng Biln, Hi Ndi Le Diic To (chii nhiem), 2005 Ludn chOngkhoa hoc vi mo hinh phdt thin kmh ti-sinh thdi tren mdt sd ddo, cum ddo lua chon thupc vitng biin ven bd Viet Nam Bio cao tong kit DT cap NN KC - 09 - 12, 23 Itr, Ha Noi Kpyeu Hgi nghf Khoa hgc DJ^ todn gudc ldn tha f ... LY CUA CAC D A O VEN B() NAM TRUNG BQ 3.1 Vi tri dia ly nim dai nhiSt ddi gid miia khdng co miia dong Ignh Cic dio ven bd NTB ed uu till hon so vdi cac dao ven bd Bic Bp va Bic Trung Bp vl dilu... VAl DE X U A T SlT DyNG HIEU QUA TAI NGUYEN VI THE CAC D A O VEN Bd NAM TRUNG BO 5.1 D I Tii nguyen vi thi cua cic dao ven bd Nam Trung Bo ngiy cing duac phat huy thi manh, xin neu mpt vai dl... Qufic, Tokyo, Xingapo, nam tren tuyin dudng danh bit hii sin cua cac ngu dan ven. bieiLthupfif.flfi tinh Mien Tning va Nam Bp; nam an ngir phia bac be chiia dau Cuu Long vi Nam Cdn Scm, d gan Trudng