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Basics of Abdominal, Gynaecological, Obstetrics and Small Parts Ultrasound Rajendra K Diwakar Editor 123 Basics of Abdominal, Gynaecological, Obstetrics and Small Parts Ultrasound Rajendra K Diwakar Editor Basics of Abdominal, Gynaecological, Obstetrics and Small Parts Ultrasound Editor Rajendra K Diwakar Department of Radio-diagnosis C.C.M. Medical College & Hospital Durg India This book was advertised with a copyright holder “The Editor(s)/The Author(s)” in error, whereas the publisher holds the copyright ISBN 978-981-10-4872-2 ISBN 978-981-10-4873-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4873-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017961727 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2018 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore This book is dedicated to my late father Mr K. C Diwakar and my late mother Smt K. B Diwakar Preface This is yet another attempt by me in writing a book More than three decades of experience in the field of ultrasound practice prompted me to venture for this book I thought that it would be most appropriate to bring out a short book for the newcomer radiologists, residents in radiodiagnosis, obstetricians and gynaecologists engaged in practising sonography, who are keen to have knowledge or who intend to improve their diagnostic capabilities for better management of patients This book, I hope, will be able to provide answers to so many frequently asked questions Those who are engaged in basic ultrasound can use this concise book to improve their skill and as a ready reference in case of any doubt or when a difficult situation is faced at the time of conducting the ultrasound examination This book cannot replace textbooks Nonetheless, if only a few feel that they have benefitted by reading this book, the purpose of bringing out this book will be fulfilled Durg, India Rajendra K. Diwakar vii Acknowledgements To my granddaughter Reya, my son-in-law Peiyush and my daughter Prachi who inspired me to begin writing a book which has seen the light of the day To my wife Kirti whose constant encouragement was the sole driving force for me to bring out this book as early as possible To my son Rakesh who acquainted me with the use of a laptop To Dr Shiv Chandrakar, chairman, and Dr Mrs Sunita Chandrakar, director, C.C.M. Medical College, Durg, for their support To Dr M. K Dwivedi for his valuable guidance to complete the book To all my friends, my well-wishers and my patients for everything they have contributed in bringing out this book Last but not the least, to Springer for encouraging me by accepting the book for publication ix Contents Introduction and Physics of Ultrasound�������������������������������������� 1 R.K Diwakar Abdominal Ultrasound������������������������������������������������������������������ 13 M.K Dwivedi Gynaecologic Ultrasound�������������������������������������������������������������� 57 R.K Diwakar Obstetric Ultrasound �������������������������������������������������������������������� 77 R.K Diwakar Colour Doppler Sonography in Obstetrics���������������������������������� 121 M.K Dwivedi Chromosomal Abnormalities�������������������������������������������������������� 127 M.K Dwivedi Ultrasound of Small Parts and Superficial Organs�������������������� 133 R.K Diwakar Neonatal Cranial Ultrasound�������������������������������������������������������� 147 R.K Diwakar Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy, Aspiration and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology���������������������������������������������������������� 153 M.K Dwivedi Appendix A �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 155 Appendix B �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 157 xi About the Editor Dr Rajendra Kumar Diwakar MBBS, MD (Radiology), 1976 Working Experience: Senior Specialist, Dept of Radiodiagnosis, JLN Hospital & Research Centre, Bhilai Steel Plant, Steel Authority of India Ltd., Bhilai, Durg (CG), India, from 1977 to 1992 Visiting Consultant, Radiodiagnosis, C.C.M. Hospital, Nehru Nagar, Bhilai, Durg (CG), India, 2000–2010 Present Assignment: Assistant Professor, Dept of Radiodiagnosis, C.C.M. Medical & Hospital, Kachandur, Durg (CG), India, 2013 till today Rajendra K. Diwakar is the recipient of the prestigious Dr Ashok Mukherjee Memorial Oration Award in 1988 in the Annual Congress of the Indian Radiological and Imaging Association, India He was honoured with the Dr D. C Sen Gold Medal in 1987 He has published many scientific papers in various national and international journals He has worked as senior radiologist for 12 years in JLN Hospital & Research Centre, Bhilai Steel Plant, Sail, Bhilai, in the Department of Radiodiagnosis At present, he is a faculty member and assistant professor in the Department of Radiodiagnosis in Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College & Hospital, Durg (CG), India xiii About the Contributor Dr M. K Dwivedi Assistant Professor, Dept of Radiodiagnosis CM Medical College & Hospital, Kachandur, Durg (CG), India-490024 MD (Radiology), 1988, Govt Medical College, Jabalpur, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur (M.P.), India Major Scientific Papers Published Management of severe hemoptysis due to pulmonary tuberculosis by bronchial artery embolisation IJRI, 1999; vol (4).165–168 CT findings of descending necrotising mediastinitis IJRI, 2001; vol 11(3):131–134 Efficacy of partial splenic artery embolisation in the management of hypersplenism IJRI, 2002; vol 12 (3) 371–374 Efficacy of fallopian tubal catheterization in treatment of infertility IJRI, 2005; vol 1(4) 521–523 Working Experience: Director and Head of the Department of Radiodiagnosis, JLN Hospital & Research Centre, Bhilai Steel Plant, Steel Authority of India Ltd., Bhilai, Durg (CG), India.490020 [1989-2016] xv .. .Basics of Abdominal, Gynaecological, Obstetrics and Small Parts Ultrasound Rajendra K Diwakar Editor Basics of Abdominal, Gynaecological, Obstetrics and Small Parts Ultrasound... R.K Diwakar (ed.), Basics of Abdominal, Gynaecological, Obstetrics and Small Parts Ultrasound, https://doi.org /10 .10 07/978-9 81- 10-4873-9 _1 R.K Diwakar Fig 1. 1 Reflection of sound wave producing... ISBN 978-9 81- 10-4872-2 ISBN 978-9 81- 10-4873-9 (eBook) https://doi.org /10 .10 07/978-9 81- 10-4873-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2 017 9 617 27 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2 018 This work