Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo MOT SO GIAI PHAP CONG NGHE NO MIN TREN CAC MO THAN LO THIEN • • • nham giam thieu anh hvfdng den c a c khu vi^c khai thac dong thcfi ham 16 lo thien In fact, the open a[.]
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o MOT SO GIAI PHAP CONG NGHE NO MIN TREN CAC MO THAN LO THIEN • - • • n h a m giam t h i e u a n h hvfdng d e n c a c k h u vi^c khai t h a c dong thcfi h a m 16 - l o t h i e n In fact, the open and underground coal co - mining method carried out at one deposit site for increasing production efficiency and decreasing resource losses has been more and more widely applied on the world The study on the Vien selection of the proper technological solutions for blasting operation and of the mining sequence for ensuring high safety and efficiency is a very essential task Dat van de Viec tien hanh khai thac tren ciing mpt khoang sang vdi hai phtfdng phap 16 thien va ham 16 nham nang cao hieu qua va ctfdng dp khai thac cung nhtf tan thu tdi da tai nguyen cang dtfdc ap dung rpng rai tai nhieu ntfdc tren the gidi Dien hinh ve stf dung cong nghe la cac ntfdc CO nganh cong nghiep md phat trien nhtf Nga, My, Tay Ban Nha, Phan Lan, Canada Tuy nhien, stf anh htfdng lln viec khai thac phdi hdp gitfa hai phtfdng phap ham 16 va Ip thien dien cung thdi diem va khong gian khai thac la dieu khong tranh khdi Do vay, cac nha khoa hoc ITnh vtfc md tren the gidi v i n tiep tuc nghien etfu de dtfa cac giai phap cong nghe htfu hieu nham giam thieu stf anh htfdng lan gitfa hai phtfdng phap khai thac Viet Nam, yeu cau ve san Itfdng cung nhtf dac diem phan bd eiia cac via than, mpt sd md khai thac than thupc Tap doan ket thue khai thac Ip thien chuyen sang khai thac ham 16 hoac khai thac ddng thdi ca hai phtfdng phap tren cung mpt khoang sang theo 66 sau khac nhtfng nam tdi Cac via V I I , VI0, V9, V7 tai md than Nui Beo dtfdi moong Ip thien via 14 va cac via than md ham 16 Khe Cham ll-IV se khac thac ham 16, cac via 12, 11, 10, 9, dtfdi moong Ip thien ciia md Cao Sdn va md Ip thien Khe Cham II Hien nay, cac md khai thac than CO nhtfng thuan Ipi cd ban ve cong nghe khai thac, cu the la viec dau ttf mdi nhieu thiet bj khai thac hien dai, ddng bp tren md Ip thien Cong tac ed gidi hoa mpt hoan thien va dtfdc ap dung rpng rai khai thac ham 16 Nhtfng nhtfng md ap dung phtfdng phap khai thac hdn hdp se gap phai nhtfng khd khan, la: Cac md than Viet Nam CO dieu kien ttf nhien phtfc tap, nhieu dj thtfdng cau true dja chat, dja chat thu9 van, dia chat cong trinh phtfc tap, stf tdn tai cCia eac tiii khf metan, tui ntfdc KHCNM s o 1+2/2010* CNKT LO THifiN KS NGUYiN THANH BINH Th.S D NGQC Tl/dC KS TA MINH Dtfc VA NNK Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md - TKV luon la eac hiem hoa rinh rap gay cac stf cd nguy hiem, anh htfdng cCia nd md Ip thien den khai thac ham 16 Ngoai ra, kinh nghiem ap dung cong nghe khai thac hdn hdp vdi qui mo Idn eiia eac md cdn rat nhieu han che Tren cac md than Ip thien Idn, san Itfdng da't da can nd ttf -^ 30 trieu mVnam Qui mo bai nd ttf vai tan den hang chuc tan thudc nd/vu nd Tan sua't nd hang nam tdi hang tram vu, cac vu nd lap di lap lai nhieu lan gay cha'n dpng va lam suy yeu stf lien ket da't da khdi Nhtfng ntft ne va lan truyen I6ng da't, vdi stf epng htfdng cCia cac vu nd gay nen nhtfng tiem an khd Itfdng, gay mat an toan, nha't la eac khu vtfc ham 16 dang boat dpng ben dtfdi Vi vay, ttf bay gid, viec nghien ctfu stf dung cac bien phap cong nghe hdp ly cong tac nd Ip thien, trinh ttf khai thac phii hdp nham dam bao an toan va hieu qua qua trinh khai thac la cong viec het stfc can thiet, cap bach Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo NhUhg ye'u tdanh hUdng lan khai thac hdn hdp Ip thien - ham 16 a Anh hudng khai thac Id thien den ham 16 - Ap ltfc len nen eiia cac thiet bi lam viec tren tang nhtf may khoan, may xuc, oto v.v - Anh htfdng cong tac nd gay ma chii yeu la song cha'n dpng cCia cac vu nd lan truyen khdi da xudng dtfdng 16 khai thac - Anh htfdng ntfdc tich tu dtfdi day moong khai thac gay nguy cd ngap md ham 16 Trong cac yeu td anh htfdng ke tren thi anh htfdng c6ng tac nd va ntfdc tfch tu moong khai thac la nhtfng yeu td gay nguy hiem nha't Trong trtfdng hdp cac dtfdng 16 khai thac nam dtfdi day moong chtfa ntfdc thi khoang each an toan ttf day moong den cac dtfdng 16 khai thac dtfdc xac dinh nhtf trtfdng hpp khai thac ham 16 dtfdi day ao hd, song sudi Khoang each gitfa day md Ip thien den dtfdng 16 (H) thupc vao phtfdng phap chen lap va pha boa eo cac gia tri nhtf sau: Khi ap dung phtfdng phap pha hda: H= 40 x M, m Trong do: H - Khoang each gitfa day md den dtfdng 16, m; M- Chieu day cCia via than khai thac bang phtfdng phap ham 16, m Khi ap dur.g phtfdng phap Chen 16: H = 30M b Anh hudng khai thac ham Id den khai thac Id thien - Gay ndt ne va sut liin tang, bd md, bai thai Ip thien pham vi khai thac ham 16 - Gay sut lun cac cong trinh nha, xtfdng eiia md Ip thien pham vi 16 khai thac - Gay nhiem nd thoat ttf cac khu vtfc nd len md Ip thien Mpt so giai phap cong nghe nham giam cha'n dpng nd tren md Ip thien Nang Itfdng cCia khdi tham gia vao viec dap vd da't da xung quanh khdi cang Idn thi tac dpng chan dpng nd cang giam Bdi vay, dieu kien quan trpng de dam bao an toan chan dpng nd gay la stf dung tdi da nang Itfdng nd de dap vd da't da bang cac bien phap dieu khien nd tien tien Trong khuon khd bai bao chung toi xin gidi thieu mpt sd bien phap cong nghe nd mang tfnh eo the ap dung dieu kien cac md than Ip thien Viet Nam nham giam thieu tdi da cha'n dpng nd 3.1 Giam cha'n dpng nd bIng bien phap sur dung thdi gian vi sai hdp ly Hien nay, ta't ca cac md khai thac than Ip thien deu stf dung phtfdng phap nd vi sai nhieu hang chia nhdm cac khdi thude nd Day la cong nghe nd tien tien, ngoai viec cai thien chat Itfdng nd thi phtfdng phap lam KHCNM S6 1+2/2010* CNKT L O THI6N giam chan dpng lan truyen khdi da't da xung quanh Tuy nhien, ngoai viec xac djnh khdi Itfdng thudc nd nhom theo nguyen tac 2/3, can thiet phai chpn thdi gian vi sai (khoang cham) t^ dam bao vtfdt thdi gian tdn tai eiia song cha'n dpng, ed nghTa la: f , > — V F ^ e ° ^ giay hoac k ttfdng tfng vdi f, >0,0232°'* Thtfc te thi khoang gia tri thdi gian vi sai cung nhtf nhieu yeu td khac chiu anh htfdng chu yeu ttf tfnh cha't ed ly dat da md Theo gia tri ciia 66 ctfng am hoc ed the phan nhdm eo gia tri nhtf sau: (9 - 13)10'; (13 - 17) ^ (17-20) 10"; (20-23)10'; 2310' (kg e/m^) De xac dinh thdi gian vi sai hdp ly ap dung cho dieu kien thtfc te san suat thi ngoai yeu td dieu kien ttf nhien can thiet phai tfnh toan theo dieu kien phan bd ciia mang Itfdi Id khoan, cu the la khoang each thtfc te gitfa cac Id (a) Vdi cac loai da't da c6 66 ctfng am hpc khac thi thdi gian vi sai xac dinh theo cong thtfc ciia Giao stf Cergitrue: , Itf ,giay(1) (ll-1.0Sb)A l2a-52 l(f Trong do: a - Khoang each gitfa cac Id khoan, m; p^ - Op ctfng am hoc ciia da't da, Kg/mls Ttf ham phu thupc thi=f(a, p^) lap dtfdc 66 thj nhtf hinh Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o nghiem, cac nha khoa hpc da cbtfng minh rang viec giam P=(K^Qo)"(2) Thay the P, phtfdng trinh khdi Itfpng thudc nd Id bang bien phap nd c6 the viet dtfdi dang: \^ Itfu cpt khong khf va day V.ax= Ko( K,„Qo)" (3) cpt Id khoan (dem khong khi) Trong do: A:^ = —-, da cho ket qua kha kha quan ve chat Itfpng nd cung nhtf E - Nang Itfdng rieng thudc S 10 15 20 25^ O^ cxmg am hpc cGa d^t da 10*kg/m's nd stf dung; EQ- Nang Itfdng hieu qua viec giam chan dpng nd so vdi viec nap thudc Hinh Suphy thudc ciia thudc nd chuan; n- He sd t^ le khoang cham hgp ly vdo Ket qua dtfdc thong qua nd cpt thudc lien tue (hinh 3) khoang cdeh glQa cac id khoan va dp cdng am hpc cua eac vu nd thtfc te cho thay dao Cu the vdi viec stf dung dem dat dd dpng cha'n dpng t^ le nghich khong hay phtfdng phap vdi binh phtfdng khoang each POD (power desk - phtfdng 3.2 Giam cha'n dong no bIng giai phap tang ttf tam vu nd Tdc 66 chan phap Itfu dem khong dtfdi mtfc nd va giam khdi Itfdng dpng tdi da eCia vu mtfc nd xac day Id khoan) ddi vdi Id khoan dinh theo cong thtfc (4): thudc ttfng mtfc c6 dtfdng kinh D = 220 - 250 Khi nd vi sai vdi qui mo mm, dat da c6 f = 10 - 12 cho 1,9VS^ (4) bai nd Idn thi viec giam chan tha'y dtfdng ki'nh cd hat trung R' dpng bang giai phap tang mtfc binh giam 25 - 30% Do thudc Dieu khien cha'n dpng vu nd mpt vu nd bj ban che, nd ra't hieu qua bang dieu nd khong tap trung tac dpng ctfdng 66 dja cha'n ehl dtfdc chinh khdi ludng thude trtfc tiep tai khu vtfc khoan xac djnh d giai doan dau cua mtfc nd Tdc 66 djch chuyen them nen nen tang khong bj vu nd Trong giai doan tiep eiia dat da dtfdc giam den 30 pha hu9, dp bang ph^ng tdt theo thi mtfc dp chan dpng lan giam 10 lan khdi Itfdng hdn, tao dieu kien lam viec va hau nhtf phat trien dn djnh deu thude nd mpt mtfc nd tang nang suat cho may xiic, va chi phu thupc vao 3.3 Sur dung phtfdng dac biet giam tac dpng dja khdi Itfdng thude nd t i ^ g mtfc (hinh 2) Ctfdng dp xung phap nd thay do! cau Chan ttf 15 - 20% Trong ltfc nd \)i le thuan vdi nang true cot thudc trtfdng hdp dieu kien ttf nhien Itfpng nd mpt mtfc, dtfdc Thong qua eac vu nd thtfc thuan ldi, neu stf dung bien phap nap POD ket hdp 1.5 phan doan tren Id khoan thi \1 y'^ c6 the giam tac dpng chan 1,0 / \ dpng den 30% Phtfdng phap 0.5 i8nd de cpt khong khi r thtfc hien cd nhtfng han chd 40 10 30 20 nhtf khd khan viec tao So mtfc nd khoang trdng cung nhtf tfnh Hinh Suphy thudc ciia tdc dp chan ddng vdo sdmiic nd theo khdi lupng khdc ciia tCing miit 1, 2, tuong Ung khdi toan chi'nh xac chieu cao cpt lupng thudc nd Qgld 8000kg, 6000kg vd 4000kg khong khf xac djnh theo cong thtfc: 1 r KHCNM s o 1+2/2010* CNKT L THIEN Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mOi b, a, -—P \ Hinh So dd cau true cpt Id khoan sCrdyng phuong phap nap luu cdt khdng a, Luu cot khdng lo khoan; b, LUu cot khdng dudi day id ( POD) 1- Thudc nd; 2- Cot khdng khi; - Bua Bang Tdc dp chan ddng cho phdp ddi vdi cdc nhdm dat da khac Tdc dp lan Tdc dp djch chuyen cho Dp phep theo nhom da't da, truyen Loai dat da kien cm/giay song doc co'f 10^ m/giay I IV Oait nuft ne manh, set 1-3 2-3 6,8 13,6 20,3 34,0 chua khd rong 19,0 28,4 47,5 Da ctfng ntft ne 3-4 9,5 3-5 manh Dat 6a tuong doi - 4-5 12,2 24,4 36,7 60,0 dong nhat nhieu khe nOtvaktidrSng Da dong nhat it 9-14 5-6 14,9 29,8 44,6 74,5 * 3.4 Xac djnh qui mo vu nd hdp ly Viec xac djnh qui mo vu nd CO y nghTa het stfc quan trpng san xua't eiia md Ip thien Khdi Itfdng mpt lan nd, sd vu nd nam anh htfdng den chi phf chung cCia san xua't Ddi vdi khai thac hdn hdp thi qui mo hdp li vu nd e6n dam bao an toan cho cong trinh khai thac ham 16 phia dtfdi a Xac djnh qui md vu nd dam bao an toan cho cdng trinh Ban cha't eiia phtfdng phap la xac djnh kha nang chju ltfc cCia cong trinh ngam tac dpng dja cha'n nd gay ttf cong trtfdng khai thac Ip thien thdng qua tdc 66 dich chuyen Vdc cho phep: V=K ,cm/giay nijft ne Da rat ran It khe niit (5) R Trong dd: Q - Khdi Itfdng thudc nd Ip thien, kg/vu v 0.0002 I 6-7 14-20 17,8 35,6 0.0005 •9 ° \ ^ ^ «• ' ^y,''^^ \ \ N t 89,0 2000 \ ' \ , \ Y ^ \ \ \ 53,3 / / \ ^ ^ 200 150 100 50 Khoang cdeh tC/ tdm n&, m ^^^ ^ y^ ^^ ^ **" 5000 '' •> O 2000 6000 Kh6i Itftpng vu T\6 Kg 1« Hinh Bieu dd xdc dinh cdc thdng sd vd chdn ddng dam bao gn todn cho cac cdng trinh bdtri dat da md R - Khoang each thtfc te ttf tam vu nd den dtfdng 16 khai thac, m K - He sd phu thupc vao dac diem da't da va cdng nghe nd Kinh nghiem nd tren cac md Ip thien eiia ntfdc ngoai cho tha'y, stf dung phtfdng phap nd vi sai thi he sd K CO gia tri nhd hdn rat nhieu so vdi nd ttfc thdi, nhd ma anh htfdng cha'n dpng giam dang ke n = 1,5-3 - Chi sd phu thupc vao khoang each ttf KHCNM s o 1+2/2010* CNKT L O THlfiN cong trinh bao ve den diem nd Cac gia tri tdc 66 cha'n dpng cho phep ddi vdi cac ddi ttfdng da't da khac va eac cong trinh can bao ve dtfdc the hien bang Ttf gia trj tdc 66 djch chuyen xac djnh qui mo vu nd cho phep dam bao an toan cho cong trinh ham 16 theo cong thtfc: R'ciu{i-2^hr-\]\'" e= Mg (Q) De xac djnh nhanh qui md vu nd theo tieu chuan an toan Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o poats anh htfdng eiia cha'n dpng, 0.25 0.20 200 CO the stf dung bieu 66 (hinh 4) 0.30 v^ xac djnh eac thong sd ve chan 0.35 N^ s ^ 300 dpng dam bao an toan cho eac 0.40 , ^ S sN cong trinh bd tri da't da "^ ^s c md 400 500 ' b Xac djnh chieu day ngan 600 'S each an toan giOa day mo 16 X " c thien deh ham Id i Chieu day bao ve gitfa day i smd Ip thien den cong trinh ChiSu c l y tru b ) vS di ii day n 16 thii n, m 1« 100.0 87.5 75.0 62.5 50.0 37.5 25.0 12.5 2000 4000 6000 8000 khai thac ham 16 dtfa tren cd rronq trudnq (Vdi E.< 0.0001) Khdi li/dng thuoc n6 Kg i7.5 60.5 51.5 42.0 34.0 25.0 17.0 8.5 sd cac thong sd ve dieu kien Trong tn/dng II (Vdi £.< 0.0002) 54.5 47.5 40.0 33.5 27.5 20.0 13.5 6.5 ttf nhien eCia da't da nhtf tdc 66 Trong trudng III (Vdi £.< 0.0003) song dpc, he sd bien dang, he Hinh Bleu ddxdc djnh khoang each an todn tCfddy md Ip sd Poatson v.v thdi gian tdn thien den dudng Id tai ciia cong trinh Muc tieu eiia xac dinh dtfa vao ket qua khao cdng nghe thfch hdp cho ttfng phtfdng phap la khoang sat va thiet bj hd trd c6 the stf khoang sang cu the./ each xac djnh, tien hanh dieu dung bieu 66 hinh Tai lieu tham khao ehlnh qui mo vu nd tren md Ip Ke't luan thien phu hdp, dam bao an Phtfdng an xudng sau cac md Ip thien viing Cam De giam thieu tdi da stf toan cho cong trinh ngam anh htfdng cha'n dpng eiia nd Pha Cong ty Cd phan Ttf van Chieu day tru bao ve gitfa tren md Ip thien den ham Dau ttf va Cong nghiep Md day md Ip thien den ham 16 TKV 2003 16 stf dung phtfdng phap dtfpc xac dinh theo bat diing Mosinhes V.N Tac dung khai thac hdn hdp can thiet thtfc ciia Giao stf Mocinhes: pha hu9 va cha'n ddng nd phai nghien etfu va ap dung da md Nha xuat 1452° cac bien phap cong nghe ban "Nhedra" Moskva 1976 H> khoan, nd phu hdp Kutuzov.B.N - Cong -iO,57 tac pha vd dat da bang nd De ap dung cac cong m; (7) phdng thf nghiem va nghe vao thtfc te san xua't ddi 1+A ngoai thtfc te Nha xuat Trong do: Cp -Tdc 66 eiia hdi phai c6 nhtfng nghien etfu ban"Nhedra" Moskva 1981 song dpc m/giay; // - He sd va danh gia mpt each chi'nh Drucovantfi M.P Poatson, f - He sd bien dang xac dieu kien ttf nhien, dac Phtfdng phap dieu khien nd dan hdi cho phep, phu thupc biet la dieu kien dja cha't thu^ tren md 16 thien Nha xuat ban vao chtfc nang stf dung va thdi van, dja chat cong trinh ciia "Nhedra" Moskva 1973 Rzevski V.V- Cac qui gian tdn tai ciia cong trinh cac md than trtfdc va trinh khai thac md Ip thien qua trinh san sua't ngam Nha xuat ban "Nhedra" De giiip cho viec xac djnh - De khai thac an toan, hieu Moskva 1983 nhanh khoang each an toan qua nhtfng khoang sang theo Repin N.A - Cong tac gitfa day md Ip thien den phtfdng phap hdn hdp ham 16 nd va xiic bdc tren cac md dtfdng 16 can ctf vao cac thong - Ip thien can thiet phai nghien than Ip thien Nha xuat ban sd ve dieu kien ttf nhien dtfdc etfu, thtf nghiem Itfa chpn "Nhedra" Moskva 1978 D> I cr[(i+(i-2/.).r-ir KHCNM s o 1+2/2010* CNKT Lp THI£N > ... dtfdng 16, m; M- Chieu day cCia via than khai thac bang phtfdng phap ham 16, m Khi ap dur.g phtfdng phap Chen 16: H = 30M b Anh hudng khai thac ham Id den khai thac Id thien - Gay ndt ne va sut... trtfdng hdp cac dtfdng 16 khai thac nam dtfdi day moong chtfa ntfdc thi khoang each an toan ttf day moong den cac dtfdng 16 khai thac dtfdc xac dinh nhtf trtfdng hpp khai thac ham 16 dtfdi day... dtfdng 16 khai thac - Anh htfdng ntfdc tich tu dtfdi day moong khai thac gay nguy cd ngap md ham 16 Trong cac yeu td anh htfdng ke tren thi anh htfdng c6ng tac nd va ntfdc tfch tu moong khai thac