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KHAO SAT THIET KE XAY DUNG TAI BIEN TRl/dT LCf DAT DA TREN SlTClN DOC Dl/CiNC GIAO THONG VUNG MIEN NUI TINH QUANG BINH ThS NGUY§N DCfC L?™ GS , TSKH NGUYEN THANH'''''''''''' 1 Sd Khoa hgc va Cong nghe tinh Qua[.]
KHAO SAT - THIET KE XAY D U N G TAI BIEN TRl/dT LCf DAT DA TREN SlTClN DOC Dl/CiNC GIAO THONG VUNG MIEN NUI TINH QUANG BINH ThS NGUY§N DCfC L?™ GS., TSKH NGUYEN THANH''' Sd Khoa hgc va Cong nghe tinh Quang Binh Dai hgc Hue Tom tat: Trong thai gian qua, tren cac tuyen duang giao thong vung mien nui tinh Quang Binh, dac biet vao mua mua lu thuang xay hien tugng trugt la dat da tren sudn doc, mai doc (goi tat la suan doc), lam ach tac giao thong, anh huang den luu thong hang hoa, pha huy nhieu doan duang va cong trinh giao thong quan gay thiet hai lan ve kinh te xa hgi va cong trinh Bai bao gidi thieu nhdng ket qua nghien ciru mdi nhat ve tai bien trugt la dat da tren suan doc duang giao thong vung mien niii tinh Quang Binh 1, Gidi thieu Tinh Quang Binh nam d Bac Trung Bd Viet Nam vdi dien tfch tu nhien 8.065,26 km^ dan sd nam 2009 la 858.802 ngudi Quang Binh cd vj tri dia ly dugc gidi han bdi cac toa dia ly d phan dat lien la: diem cue Bac: 18° 05'12" vTdd Bac; diem cue Nam: 17°05'02" vTdd Bac; diem cue Ddng: 106°59'37" kinh dg Ddng va diem cue Tay: 105°36'55'kinh Ddng , Tren dja phan viing mien nui phia Tay tinh Quang Binh cd nhieu tuyen dudng giao thdng quan trgng di qua nhu dudng Hd Chf Minh (HCM), dudng xuyen A, dudng qudc Id 12A, cac dudng tinh Id: TL 10, TL 11, TL 16, TL 20 Cac tuyen dudng la tuyen giao thdng huyet mach quan trgng, cd y nghTa chien luge tat ca cac ITnh vuc: chfnh trj, an ninh qudc phdng, kinh te va van hoa - xa hdi cua dat nude, cua khu vuc mien Trung ndi chung va tinh Quang Binh ndi rieng Ndi dung bai bao la ket qua nghien curu tai bien trugt Id dat da d 197 diem sut, trugt (bao gdm ca ddng biin dat da) thudc tuyen dudng TL 10, TL 11, dudng HCM (trU nhanh Ddng, tU km 847+120 den km 942 + 402, tu km 00^ +00 den km 167^ + 200 thugc nhanh Tay) va dudng qudc Id 12A (doan km 104 den bien gidi Viet - Lao tai cCra khau ChaLo - km 142) Dac tfnh dja chat cong trinh cac tao dait da cau tao cac khoi trUdt chu yeu Qua ket qua dieu tra, khao sat va thf nghiem cd the tach dat da cau tao cac khdi trugt vung nghien curu thanh tao chinh sau dSy: Tang da gdc (tang dudi): chu yeu la cac da phien set, da set bdt ket, da bdt ket, da vdi set bj phong hoa vUa den manh Phan Idn mat Idp cOa da gdc cam ddc xudng dudng (thuan hudng) va ddng thdi chung chfnh la mat trugt cua khdi trugt Tang phu: la tang dat da da bj phong hoa manh dat cd phan chu yeu la set pha lln cat, dam, san, ft hon cd set, va cd be day bien ddi Chung la san pham phong hoa tU nhieu loai da gdc khac Trong dieu kien tu nhien, dat co sUc khang cat cao nhung bao hoa nude sire khang cat giam di rd ret Ket qua thf nghiem mau dat lay tai cac vj tri trugt cua vung nghien cUu cho thay, sure khang cat cCia dat d trang thai bao hoa nude cd the giam gan hai lain so vdi dat d trang thai tu nhien khdng bao hoa nude Ket qua thf nghiem tfnh chat cd ly dat tan - sudn tfch phat trien tren da gdc d 10 diem trugt Idn nhat dac trung va dai dien cho 10 he tang tuong irng, cu thd nhu sau: - D/en? trWcft km 111 + 583 thugc he tang Rao Chan -D,rc He tang Rao Chan chi phan bd pham vi nghien ciru tU km 108 +815 den km 114 + 000 dudng 12A; tu km 861 + 225 den km 862 + 692 va tU km 886 + 140 den km 887 + 389 dudng HCM Be day tang phii bien ddi tU m den m, trung binh - m, phan tang phu chii yeu la dat set pha lin dam san Diem trugt cd chieu day tang phu trung binh h = m va gdc ddc mat trugt binh quan p = 38° - Diem trWcft Km 114 + 251 thupc he tang Ban Giang • Z7,.^ bg He tang Ban Giang ph§n bd rdng pham vi nghien ciru tU km 104 +350 den km 108 + 815, tU Tap chi KHCN Xdy dung - sd 312010 KHAO SAT - THIET KE XAY DUNG km1l4 + 000denkm 114 + 841, tU km 117+060 den 10 m, trung binh - m, phan tang phii chii yeu 118+162 dudng 12A; tU km 860 + 779 den km 861 + la dat set pha lan manh dam vun cat ket, bdt ket bj 225, tu km 863 + 919 den km 866 + 387, tU km 874 + phong hoa manh Diem trugt cd chieu day tang 237 den km 875 + 486, tU km 894 + 987 den km 895 + phii trung binh h = m va gdc ddc mat trugt binh quan 981, tu km 12U 410 den 12^ + 770, tU km 22^+ 680 p = 30° den 26^ + 125 dudng HCM Be day tang phii bien ddi - Diem trwat km 127 + 000 thupc he tang il/luc Bai • tu m den 12 m, trung binh -10 m, phan tang Dig mb phii chii yeu la dat set pha lan dam san bj phong hoa He tang Muc Bai cung phSn bd rat rdng Idn manh Diem trugt cd chieu day tang phii trung pham vi nghien cUu tU km 104 + 000 den km 104 + binh h = m va gdc ddc mat trugt binh quan (5 = 25° 350, tUkm 115 + 841 den km 117 + 060, tU km 118 + - Diem trupt km 124 + 163 thupc he tang Bai Dinh • 162 den km 120 + 467, tU km 122 + 585 den km 125 + J^.2 bd 300, tu km 125+ 670 den 128 +486 dudng 12A va tU He tang Bai Dinh phan bd rdng va Idn nhat km 923+003 den km 924+394 dudng Hd Chf Minh Be pham vi nghien ciru tU km 120 + 467 den km 122 + day tang phu bien ddi tU m den 12 m, trung binh 585, tu km125 + 300 den km 125 + 670, tU km 128 + 10 m, phan tang phii chii yeu la dat set pha lan 486 den 133 +'300, tU km 134+800 den 142 dudng dam san da gdc bj phong hoa manh Diem trugt 12A va hau nhu vang mat tren cac tuyen dudng HCM, cd chieu day tang phu trung binh h = m va gdc ddc TL 10 va TL 11 Be day tang phii bien ddi tU m den mat trugt binh quan p = 23° (anh va hinh 1) Anh Iraqi dat da tai km 127 + 000 duang 12A (03/10/2009) MAT CAT t)!A CHAT CONCi TKINII KM 127+00 - J)LrON(; I2A TY Lfc: l/3((0 (lltiCIAl: Sci plia tail - sLion ikli luii d;liii san mau : x a m v j n ^ - tidu ~ * " ^ T r i i i i t i h J i dtio t i ^ n j ; Da pillion sci mau n^u - ndu v i n j f:^:Tv;Ij lieiaiif Mut Itai •'hung hua villi - manh , _ _ Set pha t a i l ' suuii l i c h h\ii ditm san, mau 22f III! 224 01) 222110 22(),(H) 2IK 00 Ifi 00 •'• ] x ^ m vikni; - nflu ' ^ " ' I r a i i g thai deo chiiy 9A9 •Ji ' ' ••; _ 212 00 210 011 I im.m J 206.0(1 I 2(I4.(M) J \ D2gmb 202.0(11 Kb»;int! t a i h ( i n ) | 20.96 ' lie Iiy liajf pbii ituoii Wnh = (,()m Ci,k- ,nii ,l,lc.40« (1,,, ,1,1, „ „ , „ „ , 23 , „,j^ „ , „ ,|j ^^^ , j j b Hinh Mat cat dia chat cong trinh tai diem trugt km 127+ 000 duang 12k Tap chi KHCN Xdy dipig - so 312010 KHAO SAT - THIET KE XAY DUNG - Diem trWcft km 134 + 0400 tiiupc he tang Bac Scfn vdi bac I - bac dudi) v^ h = m, p = 28° (ddi vdi bac II -bac tren) • C-Pbs He tang Bac Sdn pham vi nghien ciru thugc dudng 12A, chi phan bd tU km 133 + 300 den km 134 + 800, cdn tren tuyen dudng HCM thi phan bd rgng, cu the tu km 862 + 904 den km 863 + 919, tU km 867 + 280 den km 868 + 814, tU km 879 + 832 den km 880 + 106, tu km 3^ + 110 den km 4^+770, tu km 12^ +250 den km 12^+410, tU km 12^ + 770 den km 15^+ 770, tu km 16^ + 953 den km 17^+ 749 va tU km 28^ + 077 den km 29"^+ 732 dugng HCM Be day tang phii bien ddi tu m den 15 m, trung binh 10 -12 m, phan tang phii chii ye'u la dat set va dat set pha l§n dam san Diem trugt cd chieu day tang phii trung binh h = m va gdc ddc mat trugt binh quan p = 23° (ddi - Diem trWcft km 930 + 500 thupc he tang Dong Thg •D^-Djfrdt He tang Ddng Thg phan bd tU km 855 + 940 ddn km 857 + 831, tU km 917 + 387 ddn km 923 + 003 va tu km 924 + 394 den km 936 + 062 dudng HCM; Hg tang hoan toan vang mat tren tuyen dudng 12A, TL 10 va TL11 Be day tang phu bien ddi tU m den 12 m, trung binh - m vdi phan chii yeu la dat set pha lan dam san mau nau, xam bac; tang dudi la da cat ket mau xam sam, phong hoa vUa - manh thudc he tang Ddng Thg Diem trugt cd chieu day tang phii trung binh h = m va gdc ddc mat trugt binh quSn P = 27° Day la diem trugt cd tai hoat ddng (anh va hinh 2) Anh TrucA dat da tai km 930 + 500 dudng HCM (10/11/2006) 266.00 26200 MA r CAT BIA CHAT CONCJ TRINH KM 930+500 • B U d N ( ; HO CHI MINH 25800 TY Lfi: 1/400 254-00 CHOGIAI: 250.00 Sot [iha tdn - fiUim tich Un il il&m- tang miu r ,',, 1, sudn ddc hoan toan dn dinh tdng luc Ngugc lai, dieu kien bao hda nude //^ < 1, cd 12 Tap chi KHCN Xdy difng - so 312010 KHAO SAT - THIET KE XAY DUNG nghia la tdng luc gay trugt Idn hon tdng luc chdng trugt nen phat sinh, phat trien trugt va thuc te da dien diing nhu ket qua da kiem toan ndi tren Hien trang va quy luat phan bo trUdt Id dat da tren si/dn doc viing nghien cifU De phuc vu du bao, phan vung nguy cd trugt Id dat da tren sudn ddc vung nghien cUu, viec tdng hgp hien trang va quy luat phan bd trugt Id cd y nghia quan trgng Tren co sd nghien cUu mdi quan he giUa sd diem sut, trugt (ke ca ddng biin dat da) va cac yeu td tu nhien va nhan tao rut hien trang va quy luat ph^n bd sut, trugt dat da tren sudn ddc vung nghien ciru nhu sau: - Quy luat phSn bd sd diem sut, trugt theo dja tang va phan thach hgc da phong hoa: Tren tuyen dudng thudc vung nghien ciru chii yeu gap cac da tram tich, da bien chat Ket qua dieu tra, khao sat cho thay, 193/197 diem trugt (chiem 97,97%) deu thugc cac he tang lien quan den da tram tfch, da bien chat, 04/197 diem trugt thudc phUc he Trudng Son lien quan den da Magma Cac da da bi phong hoa tao Idp phii phong hoa day hon va khdng ddng nhat, tao dieu kien cho nude mua d§ xSm nhap lam tam udt khdi dat, gay su bien ddi trang thai c§n bang Ung suat trgng luc va lam bien ddi tfnh chat cd ly dat da din den lam phat sinh, phat trien sut, trugt Theo he tang, sut, trugt dat da xay chii ye'u cac he tang Muc Bai, Ddng Thg va Bai Dinh (bang 3) Bang Ket quit thdng ke phan bd sd diem sut, trugt phan chia theo he tang Dat e-dQ thuoc he tang Long Dai Long Dai Long Dai He tang Rao Chan Tan Lam He tang Ban Giang He tang Muc Bai He tang Ddng Thp Xom Nha PhUc he Trudng San La Khe He tang Bac San He tang Bai Dinh Cong So diem sut, trugt 10 16 04 13 28 35 01 21 14 38 197 Tl le % 5,08 8,12 3,05 3,55 2,03 6,60 14,21 17,77 0,50 2,03 10,66 7,11 19,29 100 - Quy luat phan bd sd diem sut, trugt theo cao tuyet ddi ciia dia hinh: - Quy luat phan bd sd diem sut, trugt theo cao sudn ddc, mai ddc Theo cao tuyet ddi cua dia hinh, khu vuc nghien cUu cd the phan bac de xem xet va danh gia mdi quan he cao dja hinh vdi qua trinh trugt, cu the nhu sau: Bac thir nhat < 200 m, sudn thoai, cac dinh trdn Bac thir hai cao tU 200 m trd len, sudn ddc cd ddc cao hon, va khdi trugt, sut thudng Idn hon Ket qua cu the dugc the hien d bang Theo cao sudn ddc cd the phan bac de xem xet, danh gia anh hudng cao sudn ddc ddi vdi trugt Id dat sau day: H < 10 m va H > 10 m Ket qua thdng ke dugc trinh bay tai bang Bang Ket qua thdng ke phan bd sd diem sut, truat theo cao suan ddc Bang Ket qua thdng ke phan bdsddiem sut, truat theo cao dia hinh 06 cao (m) 200 Conq So diem sut, truat 74 142 216 Tl le % 34,26 65,74 100 TU ket qua thdng ke trugt de dang nhan thay, cac diem sut, trugt tap trung chii yeu d khu vuc cd cao tu 200 m trd len Tap chi KHCN Xdy dipig - so 312010 Dd cao (m) 10 Cgng Sd diem sut, trugt 39 177 216 Tl le % 18,06 81,94 100 - Quy luat phan bd sd diem sut, trugt theo be day tang phu tan sudn tfch: Theo be day tang phii cung da phat hien mdi quan he vdi qua trinh sut, trugt cua khu vuc nghien curu: cac qua trinh phong hoa anh hudng rat Idn den bien ddi tfnh chat cd ly cua dat da d sudn ddc Tuy theo mirc 13 KHAO SAT - THIET KE XAY DUNG phong hoa ma tfnh chat ciia dat da: khdi lugng the tich, rdng, khe nirt, ben, hap thu nude bj bidn ddi Khi bi phong hoa da cUng bien th^nh da nira cdng, tiep tuc bj phong hoa se trd dat xdp, dat loai set mem dfnh Mure gay trugt Id phu thudc vao tfnh chat ciia dat da cau tao nen tang phu Be day tang phii tren tuyen dudng khu vuc nghien cUu bien ddi tU dudi m den 10 m cac dinh niii, chieu day vd phong hoa chi xap xi m, d giOa sudn nui tu den m, d chan niii cd the dat den -10 m De xem xet quan he giira quy luat phan bd sd diem sut, trugt vdi be day vd phong hoa, sd diem sut, trugt Ung vdi cac be day: < m, -10 m va > 10 m da dugc thdng ke va md ta d bang Bang Quan he giUa phan bd diem sut, trugt vdi be day tang phu Be day (m) 45°; Cac khdi nghieng la phu hgp va dung vdi thuc trang dieu kien trugt trung binh va Idn xay d khu vuc cd gdc dd'c dja chat cdng trinh khu vuc mat trugt be va vUa tU 20° - 30° Cac khdi sut deu cd quy md be va rat be, thudng phat sinh, phat trien chu TAi Ll£U THAM KHAO yeu tren cac sudn ddc, mai ddc cd gdc dd'c > 45° Cac Bao cao ket qua khao sat dia chat cdng trinh - Du an khdi ddng biin dat da cd quy md rat be va xay chii nang cap cai tao qudc Id 12A doan Khe Ve - ChaLo yeu tren cac sudn dd'c bac thang va sudn ddc cd gdc Cdng ty cd phan tu van xay dung giao thong 533, D ddc tu 35° - 45°; dac biet dja hinh chung ciia ca Ning, 2006 vung rUng nui Trudng Sdn ddc nen tren khu vuc nghien cUu, ddng bun da xay cung rat ft Do da va Bao cao tdng quan dja chat va tai nguyen khoang san sut da vdi quy md rat be va tan suat xay cung rat ft tinh Quang Binh Cue Dia chat va Khoing san Viet Hien tugng trugt da chua phat hien d khu vuc nghien Nam, Hi Noi, 2001 ciru LOMTADZE V.O Dja chat cdng trinh - Dia chat dong - Sut, trugt dat da thudng phat trien manh d khu luc cdng trinh, NXB Dai hoc vi trung hoc chuyen vuc ddi niii, nhat la cac deo cao, dja hinh phan cat nghiep Hi Noi, 1982 phUc tap, hoat dgng xam thuc bdc mdn manh me, nai Bao cao thiet hai bao, lut nam 2005 Sd Giao thong Van Id da gdc d§ bj phong hoa, pha Uu^ cac tac ddng tai Quang Binh, Quang Binh, 2005 ngoai sinh, tich tu tan tfch, sudn tfch day, da va dang phat sinh nhieu khdi trugt Id cd va hien dai Trugt Bao cao thiet hai bao, lut nam 2006 Sd Giao thong Van thudng xay tang dat set pha, set va chu yeu la tai Quang Binh, Quang Binh, 2006 trugt theo mat phang nam nghieng ciia Idp da gdc Bao cao ket qua de tai Dieu tra nghien cUu tong hgp hoac theo ddi yeu gan ke cam thuan xudng dudng Dia chat va Khoang san phuc vu quy hoach phat trien giao thdng kinh te va bao ve mdi trudng tinh Quang Binh Trudng Qua ket qua khao sat, nghien curu va kiem toan, cd Dai hoc Mo Dia chat, Ha Noi, 2004 the khang dinh: nhOng khu vuc cd gdc ddc mat trugt nam nghieng dudi 20° la nhung be mat thoai hoac gan Bao cao tai bien dja chat sut Id taluy duang, am, lu quet d Viet Nam - Hien trang, nguyen nhan, du bao va nhu nam ngang (be mat bdc mdn hoac tfch tu) nen khdng hoac rat ft xay hien tugng sut, trugt dat da mot so giai phap phdng tranh giam thieu hau qua Vien Nhung khu vuc cd gdc ddc dja hinh Idn han 65° vdi be nghien cUu Dia chat vi Khoing san Hi Noi, 2005 day tang phii mdng hoac rat mdng cung rat ft xay E.n OcHOBHbie trugt; thugng xay dd da, sut da va mdt phan ft sut E M E J l b i l H O B A aaKOHOMcpHOCTH onojisHCBbix npoueccoB usd dat da Hedpa-MocKea, 1972 - Nguyen nhan kjch phat quan trgng nhat lam phat MACJIOB H.H ycjlOSHJI yCTOHHHBOCTH CKJIOHOB sinh, phat trien sut, trugt dat da tren sudn ddc vung H OTKOCOB B rH/ip03HepreTHMeCK0M nghien cdu la tac dgng ciia mua vdi cudng Idn va CTponTe.nbCTBe rocsHepeousdam, 1955 keo dai Thuc te khao sat, nghien ciru cho thay: sut, trugt dat da hau nhu chi xay d at vao miia mua lu Ngay nhan bai: 7/7/2010 16 Tap chi KHCN Xdy difng - so 312010 ... ddc tu nhien (d each xa dudng giao thdng) va sudn ddc khdng tu nhien (bao gdm mai ddc va sudn ddc gan ke dudng giao thdng), phan bd cac diem sut, trugt dugc md ta tai bang 12 Bang 12 Phan bd cac... lut nam 2006 Sd Giao thong Van thudng xay tang dat set pha, set va chu yeu la tai Quang Binh, Quang Binh, 2006 trugt theo mat phang nam nghieng ciia Idp da gdc Bao cao ket qua de tai Dieu tra nghien... (anh va hinh 1) Anh Iraqi dat da tai km 127 + 000 duang 12A (03/10/2009) MAT CAT t)!A CHAT CONCi TKINII KM 127+00 - J)LrON(; I2A TY Lfc: l/3((0 (lltiCIAl: Sci plia tail - sLion ikli luii d;liii