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H6A-CHEBiiNDAUKHl ' ^ ^ ^•^'!^^-^*^ tif*! i'''j »?.':[ V -T Phe phdm ndng nghidp - nguon nguy§n lf§u th^ h§ thCr hai cho san xudt bioethanol a Viet Nam • ThS Huynh Minh Thuan KS Du-cng Thanh Long, KS Le Hong Nguyen ThS Phan Cam Tuan Huy, KS Vo OLPC Minh Minh Vien Diu Viet Nam PGS.TS Nguyen DIFC Lu'p'ng Dai hoc Bach khoa Tp Hd Chi Minh Theo xu hw&ng phat trien eae dang nang Iwg'ng thay the nhim dam bao an ninh nang Iwg'ng, an ninh iwang thwc va bao ve moi trw&ng, viee sir dung nhien lieu sinh hge thay the dan nhien lieu truyen thong da lan rgng nhieu quoe gia tren the gi&i & Viet Nam, Tap doan Dau Quoe gia Viet Nam dang trien khai xay dwng nha may san xuat bioethanol va dwa ehwo'ng trinh phat then nhien lieu sinh hge nham dat dwgv mue tieu eua Chinh phu la thay the 1% nhu eau nhien lieu truyen thong vao nam 2015 va 5% vao nam 2025 De dam bao nguon nguyen lieu va tan dung nguon sinh khoi (nguon nguyen lieu sinh hoc the he thip hai) mot each hieu qua, PVPro (VPI) da tien hanh nghien eipu nhien lieu sinh hge tip nguon phe pham nong nghiep PVPro da khao sat nguon phe pham nong nghiep (rcpm, trau, ba mia, mat ri, ba sin va loi ngo) & Viet Nam va iwa chgn nguon (ro'm, ba mia va loi ngo) v&i san Iwg'ng l&n va ehuyen hoa bioethanol eao de tien hanh nghien eipu thwc nghiem san xuat bioethanol phong thi nghiem Phe pham ndng nghiep dwg'C tien xir ly theo hai phwo'ng phap: No bo'i va axit loang Tiep do, phan ba tir qua trinh tien xip ly dwg'C thuy phan Cuoi eung, bioethanol thu dwg'C tip qua trinh len men djch eiia qua trinh tien xw ly va qua trinh thiiy phan Kit qua nghien eipu thwc nghiem eho thay Iwg'ng bioethanol thu dwg'C tip loi ngo la nhieu nhat Tai dieu kien thich hg'p eua qua trinh thuy phan theo khao sat (14%kl Iwang ea chat kho, 5%kl enzyme Viseozyme L tai nhiet 50°C, pH la 4,8 24 gi&), Iwg'ng dw&ng glucose thu dwac la 35,7g/l Cf edng doan len men, thu dwgx: 15,9 g/l bioethanol v&i hieu suat khoang 95% dieu kien nhiet 3(fC, pH = 4,5 va 7%tt nam men saccharomyees eerevisiae Ket qua nghien eiru tren hai nguon nguyen lieu eon lai eOng dwgr: trinh bay bai bao 32 DAU KHi - so 7/2010 r ' T 'J r PETROVIETNAM "^ ^fj/UMyi- : fằi^J#ằ ã * ã ôã ^.ff- " * ' • I M6> dau Theo "De an phat trien nhien lieu sinh hgc d i n nam 2015, t i m nhin d i n nam 2025" dugc Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyet tai quyit djnh so 177/2007/QDTTg 20/12/2007 va " K i hoach va chuang trinh then khai cae dy an Nhien lieu sinh hgc cua Tap doan Dau Viet Nam d i n nam 2015, t i m nhin d i n nam 2025" dugc phe duyet tai quyit djnh 1156/QD-DKVN 24/02/2009, Tap doan D i u Viet Nam phin dau d i n nam 2010 pha c h i va phan phoi duge khoang 100 -150 ngan t i n E5 (dat khoang 1,2% t i n g tieu thu xang d i u ca nude va d i n nam 2015 pha che khoang trieu tan E5 (dap Cpng 25% t i n g tieu thu xang ea nudc) Do dd, d i thuc d l y k i hoach va chuang trinh triin khai phat triin nhien lieu sinh hgc ddi hdi phai cd nhiiu no lye viec tim nguon nguyen lieu va cdng nghe thich hgp de san xult bioethanol phu hgp vdi d i i u kien d Viet Nam va xu hudng chung cua t h i gidi Hien tai, tren t h i gidi, nguyen lieu cho san xult bioethanol chu y i u la dudng (mia dudng, cu eai dudng) va tinh bgt eua ndng pham ( s i n lat, gao, ngd, Ida mi) Trudc hinh hinh thiiu hut luang thyc va nan ddi xay d mot s i khu vyc tren t h i gidi, nhiiu nudc phat then nhien lieu sinh hgc tren t h i gidi (My, Brazil, Canada) va cac nude khu vye (Trung Quic, Thai Lan, Dai Loan) da va dang ehuyen d i n sang hudng san xuat bioethanol SCP dung nguin nguyen lieu tLP cac p h i p h i m ndng nghiep Mdt so quie gia nhu Trung Quoe, Thai Lan cdn nghiem e l m cae nha may san xult bioethanol nudc SCP dung ndng san, ngu c i c & Viet Nam, mot s i d y an dang triin khai san xult bioethanol td' gao, s i n , ngd, mia dang phai duang d i u vdi nhiiu y kiin phan d i i x u l t phat tCp vin d i an ninh luang thyc Viet Nam la nude ndng nghiep, san lugng ndng san cao khdng nhCpng dap Cpng nhu c l u nude ma cdn danh mdt phan cho xult khiu Nguin nguyen li^u sinh khoi tCp p h i p h i m san x u l t ndng nghiep rit doi dao Hang nam, lugng p h i phim thai khoang hang chuc trieu t i n Tuy nhien, hien tai nguin phe pham chua duge SCP dung hieu qua Oa s i la d i t bd tai c h i hoae thai mdi trudng, mdt phin SCP dung lam chit dot, san xult dien cue bg hay SCP dung lam vien d i t Id (vd triu, mun cua) Mue tieu eua nghien CCPU bao gom: + Lya chgn mot s i nguin nguyen lieu p h i pham ndng nghiep cd t i i m nang d Viet Nam; + Djnh hudng lya chgn cdng nghe; + Danh gia chi phi san xult bioethanol phdng thi nghiem tCp p h i pham ndng nghiep duge lya chgn nhIm gdp phan thue d l y viec phat triin nhien lieu sinh hgc tai Viet Nam II Noi dung nghien CLFU Doi twg'ng nghien ewu/khao sat Tae gia khao sat nguin p h i phim tCp qua trinh thu hoach va e h i biin b i n loai cay ndng nghiep cd san lugng Idn, on djnh va ed k i hoach phat then dai han d Viet Nam (Ida, mia, san, ngd) Sau qua trinh khao sat, tae gia tap trung nghien CCPU thyc nghiem san xuat bioethanol td' ba nguon p h i phim ndng nghiep t i i m nang d Viet Nam la ram, ba mia va Idi ngd Mue tieu cua d i tai la danh gia va lya chgn nguin p h i pham ndng nghiep tiim nang, djnh hudng lya chgn cdng nghe va nghien CCPU thyc nghiem san xult bioethanol tLP p h i pham ndng nghiep d i xem xet cac yeu to anh hudng d i n ehi phi san xult TLP dd djnh hudng cai tiin edng nghe d i giam chi phi san xult gdp phin thde day viee phat then nhien lieu sinh hgc tai Viet Nam Nguon nguyen lieu phe pham nong nghiep & Viet Nam Tai Viet Nam, b i n loai cay luang thyc chinh ed san lugng tuang d i i cao, on djnh, tap trung va cd ke hoaeh phat thin dai han la Ida, san, ngd va mia dudng Song song vdi qua trinh san xult ndng san td* b i n loai eay neu tren, nhiiu phu p h i phim duge tao nhu ram, t r i u , ba mia, Idi ngd, ba s i n , matrivdi lugng Idn Dya tren so lieu khao sat d Viet Nam va mot s i nghien CCPU tuang ty d cac nudc khu vyc va tren t h i gidi, nhdm tac gia tiin hanh so sanh sa bo cac uu nhuge d i i m cda nguyen lieu Ket qua so sanh duge trinh bay Bang DAU KHi - 8(5 7/2010 33 i H O A - C H E BIEN OAU KHI O) r -ft •ro o -c c c ro o £ t- ^ -co- >'7 E.b E CO F •isl CT-ro c ^ cn •ro ) • -C C "^ > — -ro •ro o O Q ^ ife o •ro o •f) b g'cM E-^r-S • ^ -ro - C CO c bi ~ •< -C t o ' o > , = mo'? i = w£ " ? ? -i ; Đ o O \-o raô : - b • o 99 O £ > "D ira o Q 0)j= V ^ E C-S'O '0-™-° 03 -ro :2;o >oc -b C c ,^->ra • " ; s -Q uiSS _ | > „§ cno _ c CD ? o O n = CO ra:-™-" O) c & £ Q D) Q c • = £ - & •o — b-.5 O g > "D S ° = re c •" xO) c "o 'c?'ng bioethanol thu ducfc, %tt 2,02 1,68 1,85 Hifu suit len men, % 94,8 93,6 93,4 Bang Mdt so phin dich ten men STT Ctiitieu Ethanol Metanol Aceton Axit axetic Do>n vj %tt ppm mg/g mg/g cda nguyen lieu la cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin Moi nguyen lieu ed phan khac Ham lugng cellulose, hemicellulose Idi ngd va ba mia kha cao (cellulose 42 - 44%, hemicellulose 21 - 30%) nen thuan Igi eho san xuit bioethanol, Trong dd ram thi thap han (36% cellulose, 24% hemicellulose) Ham lugng lignin ba mia, ram kha eao (18 21%) so vdi Idi ngd (15%) D i i u dd, gay khd khan d i n viec pha va cau true nguyen lieu giup enzyme tan cdng vao cellulose de thdy phan dudng doi vdi nguyen lieu ba mia va ram + Cdng doan tien xd' ly: Nguyen lieu Idi ngd, ba mia thich hgp vdi phuang phap t i i n xir ly bing axit H2SO4 loang 1%kl d nhiet 108°C thdi gian gid Trong dd, phuang phap tiin xd' ly bing no hai d nhiet 210°C thich hgp cho nguyen lieu ram Viee tiin hanh edng doan tiin xu' ly lam tang dang ke qua trinh thdy phan cellulose dudng d cdng doan sau Day la cdng doan anh hudng d i n kha nang chuyin hda p h i pham ndng nghiep bioethanol va chi phi san xuat + Cdng dogn thuy phan: Ham lugng dudng thu dugc tu' qua Loi ngd 2,02 42,6 0,005 7,286 Nguyen lieu Ba mia 1,68 20,8 0,016 3,702 Ram 1,85 24,8 0,014 4,231 trinh dudng hda t h i p va hieu suit dudng hda thdy phan p h i pham ndng nghiep thu dugc rat thap ( nguyen lieu p h i phim ndng nghiep deu dat duge TCVN 7716:2007 v i ethanol nhien lieu biin tinh sd' dung pha e h i nhien lieu sinh hpe tai Viet Nam; - v i mat cdng nghe: Cdng nghe ehuyen hda hien tai, enzyme, nam men eho hieu suit thap va v i n dang giai doan nghien cuu, hoan thien d i giam gia san xuat Day la y i u to lam chi phi san xuat bioethanol td' nguon nguyen lieu cdn rat cao so vdi gia xang va gia bioethanol td' nguon nguyen lieu t h i he thu nhat (sin, mia, tinh bgt) va la ly cho den edng nghe san xuat chua thuang mai hda Trong cae cdng doan neu tren, edng doan tien xCr ly va dudng hda la hai edng doan quan trgng anh hudng d i n ehi phi san xuat hien tai, eu t h i : + Cdng doan tiin xd- ly: Day la cdng doan quan gidp pha vd c i u true va tang kha nang xam nhap eua enzyme de thdy phan cellulose dudng Vdi phuang phap da ap dung thi viec cai tiin d day chu y i u la k i t hgp qua trinh xu' ly, t i i uu diiu kien, tan dung nhiet va giam thit thoat Ben canh dd, phuang phap tiin xu' ly bang phuang phap sinh hgc eung la phuang phap e i n nghien ed'u vi tiin hanh d diiu kien dn hda va it t i n tien ich; + Cdng doan dudng hda: Day la cdng doan chuyin hda cellulose dudng Cau trdc cellulose cda p h i phim ndng nghiep phuc tap han nhiiu so vdi cau trde cellulose cija nguyen lieu t h i he thu' nhat (san, mia, tinh bgt) dd ein phai cd chdng enzyme hoae ehe pham vi sinh vat dac biet de chuyen hda Hien tai, cac enzyme DAU KHi-s(3 7/2010 37 H O A - CHE BIEN D A U KHI v i n chua thuang mai Ngoai ra, xem xet giam thdi gian dudng hda de giam chi phi san xuit enzyme, dudng hda, len men dudng 5, len men dudng edng mot thiit bj d i giam ehi phi d i u tu; Vi vay, cd the ndi n i u giai quyit dugc bai toan cdng nghe thi s§ thuan Igi cho viec ap dung san x u i t bioethanol ti> nguon sinh khii (eu t h i la p h i pham ndng nghiep) d Viet Nam + Sau nghien ed'u eai t i i n cac cdng doan, triin khai mdt each toan dien d qui md Idn han (pilot) de danh gia hieu qua kinh t i thdng qua qua trinh t i i uu, tieh hgp tien ich, hda chat va tan dung cac phu p h i pham td' nha may IV Ket luan va de xuat Day la k i t qua nghien ed'u bude d i u va sa bg v i nguon nguyen lieu p h i p h i m ndng nghiep eung nhu cdng nghe chuyin hda nguyen lieu p h i pham ndng nghiep bioethanol d Viet Nam K i t qua khao sat ta thiy, nguin nguyen lieu p h i pham ndng nghiep d Viet Nam cdn nhieu va t i i m nang eho san xuat bioethanol Tuy nhien, k i t qua thyc nghiem eho thay hieu s u i t chuyen hda p h i pham ndng nghiep bioethanol cdn thap cdng nghe chuyin hda, enzyme, n i m men hien tai chua thuang mai hda D i i u dd, dan d i n ehi phi san x u i t bioethanol td' nguyen lieu the he thd' hien tai se r i t cao De giam ehi phi san x u i t va thuang mai hda, nhdm tae gia se tap trung vao cac hudng nghien ed'u t i i p theo v i edng nghe san xuit bioethanol tu- nguon p h i pham ndng nghiep d Viet Nam nhu sau: - Hudng edng nghe sinh hda: + Qua trinh t i i n xir ly: Nghien ed'u cai t i i n phuang phap tiin xd' ly da thyc hien va nghien ed'u them phuang phap t i i n xi> ly bing sinh hge Xem xet v i mat ky thuat d i k i t hgp vdi cac nha may san x u i t bioethanol hien tai cda Tap doan; + Qua trinh thuy phan: Tiip tuc k i t hgp vdi doi tac d i ed thdng tin v i enzyme thuang mai de tiin hanh nghien ed'u d qui md Idn han Odng thdi, k i t hgp vdi d i i tac nudc nghien ed'u e h i pham enzyme nude; + Nghien cuu cdng nghe mdi Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), cdng nghe k i t hgp qua trinh san xuat 38 DAU KHi - s o 7/2010 - Hudng cdng nghe nhiet hda: Song song vdi cac nghien ed'u tren, t i i n hanh hudng nghien ed'u san x u i t nhien lieu (bioethanol, biodiesel, hda chit, nhien lieu) td" p h i pham ndng nghiep thdng qua qua trinh nhiet phan nhanh (fast pyrolysis) k i t hgp vdi hydrocracking va phan d'ng Fisher Tropsch Tai lieu tham khao Author Group of SriConsulting PEP Yearbook China, s.l SriConsulting, 2008 pp 361-366 Hettenhaus, J Achieving Sustainable Production of Agricultural Biomass for Biorefinery Feedstock Washington DC Biotechnology Industry Organization, 2006 B.C Saha, L.B Iten, M.A Cotta and Y Victor Wu Dilute Acid Pretreatment, Enzymatic sacharifieation and Permentation of Rice Husk to Ethanol, 2005 http://ww/w.rauhoaquavietnam.vn/ default.aspx?tablD = & ID = 20 & LangID = & NewsID = 662 & PageNum = 19 Rau hoa qua Viet Nam [Online] 11, 2007 Nhdm tae gia Cty Chu'ng khoan NH Sai Gdn Thuang Tin CTCP Dwang Lam San - Vwat k§ hoaeh nam thang diu nam s.l Cdng ty chu'ng khoan ngan hang Sai Gdn, 07/2009 Khoa Cdng nghe thyc pham Tieu luan xir ly ri dwang va u'ng dung cua cac san pham sau chi biin dai sdng s.l Dai hge Ndng nghiep 1, Ha Ngi, 2008 ^ ... then khai cae dy an Nhien lieu sinh hgc cua Tap doan Dau Viet Nam d i n nam 2015, t i m nhin d i n nam 2025" dugc phe duyet tai quyit djnh 1156/QD-DKVN 24/02/2009, Tap doan D i u Viet Nam phin... l m cae nha may san xult bioethanol nudc SCP dung ndng san, ngu c i c & Viet Nam, mot s i d y an dang triin khai san xult bioethanol td'' gao, s i n , ngd, mia dang phai duang d i u vdi nhiiu... trinh triin khai phat triin nhien lieu sinh hgc ddi hdi phai cd nhiiu no lye viec tim nguon nguyen lieu va cdng nghe thich hgp de san xult bioethanol phu hgp vdi d i i u kien d Viet Nam va xu hudng