Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
XUfLYRACTHAIHU^UCO CHOCACCHODAUMOldHANOI Nguyen Thj Kim Thai ABSTRACT The "Study on treatment of organic waste for urban markets in Ha Noi" has conducted to identify the ef ficiency when treat market[.]
XUfLYRACTHAIHU^UCO CHOCACCHODAUMOldHANOI Nguyen Thj Kim Thai ABSTRACT The: "Study on treatment of organic waste for urban markets in Ha Noi" has conducted to identify the efficiency when treat market waste with septage and without septage from public toilets which are located at the urban markets The study shown that co-composting of organic waste from urban markets with septage from public toilets (fresh faecal sludge) will bring nitrogen contents from 1,4 to 1,62 times higherthan treatment only organic portion of market solid waste In accordingly, phosphorus content in compost product is 1,42 to 2,3 times higherthan with out co-composting The helminth eggs reduction from 91,9 %to 92,1% This can recycle the nutrients for the cultivation and also improvement of management efficiency of public toilets as well as reducing of quantity of solid waste to the central treatment facility of the cities PGS.TS Nguyin Thj Kim Thai Pho Vien trirdng - Vien Khoa hoc va Ky thuat moi trirdng (I ESE) Trirdng bo mon Cong nghe va Quan ly moitriTofng Trudng Dai hoc Xay dimg 55 Dirdng Giai phdng Ha Noi Dien thoai CQ: 04.38693405 Didong:0904020408 E-mail: nl(thai@hotmail.com h i t t h i i ran td hoat ddng cua eie ehp d i u mdi dd thj chQa phan hQu cP eao (tQ 76-80%) rit phu hpp vdi edng nghe u sinh hpe Viee xd ly ric ehp chda dugc quan t i m dung mQe, eung vdi hien trang quin ly yeu kem eie nhi ve sinh edng edng tai ehp d i l i m cho dieu kien ve sinh mdi tradng v i cinh quan chp dd thj d hiu het eie thj Viet Nam bj roi v i o tinh trang tdi te, d nhiem ding bio ddng Ket q u i thQ nghiem dQpc i p dung tinh toin thie't ke cho mdt chp d i u mdi phia Nam Hi Ndi eho tha'y edng nghe u d i o trdn cd the i p dung de xQ ly ric thai tQ ehp ket hop vdi xQ ly phin bun tQ nha ve sinh cdng cdng chp vda t i n dung thu hdi chit dinh dQdng cho eiy trdng vda gdp phan ning eao hieu q u i quin ly nhi ve sinh edng edng v i giim bdt khdi Idpng rie thii ein dda di xQ ly De t i i "Nghien cdu xQ ly ric thai ran hQu co eho eie ehp d i u mdi d Hi Npi" d i tie'n hinh thQ nghiem hieu q u i dieu kien ed phdi trdn v i khdng cd phdi trdn vdi phin bun tQ nhi ve sinh edng edng Cie ke't q u i nghien cdu eho thi'y vdi edng nghe u phdi trdn, ham Idpng ni tP sin phi'm gap 1,4 lan 1,62 lin so vdi khdng phdi trdn, taong ta him lapng phdt sin pham u g i p td 1,42 - 2,3 lan so vdi khdng phdi trdn, trdng giun sin giim 91,9% de'n 92,1% Tong quan U sinh hpe l i phapng phip xQ ly rie t h i i hQu cp cho hieu q u i eao, phin hQu eo ed h i m iQpng dinh dadng eao, tao dp tPi xdp, ri't tdt eho viee eii tao di't d Viet Nam, quy trinh xQ ly rie t h i i bang edng nghe u sinh hpe bit d i u dape Qng dung eieh diy khoing hai t h i p ky, nhien, ehi mi'y nim g i n diy, edng nghe niy mdi thufc suf dQpc ehu trpng Cdng nghe xQ ly rie thai hQu eo l i m phin vi sinh hien C Kim nhiet ke H(m)A Be m i t Nhiet dp khdng Mat cat ngang ddng u Chat hoai q u i trinh u Hinh The hien mat cat dong u, each xac dinh nhiet d cac sau khac 90^IS^ni[W^l 9.2009 dang dape i p dung, trie'n khai tren quy md Idn (quy md edng nghiep) edn vdi quy md nhd hien chaa dape nghien cdu, i p dung ddi vdi eie khu dd thj Md hinh va phiTong phap nghien cufu / Md hinh thi nghiem Md hinh 1: Ddng u khdng phdi trpn vdi phin bun Ddng u tTnh ed kich thdde 2,0m X 1,0 m X 0,8m (DxRxC) Rie ehp sau phin loai eung dape bim nhd, the tieh l i 1,8m^ tdong ddong trpng lapng l i 0,80 t i n rdi tadi nadc tdOng daong vdi ty le 4:1, de ting dp i'm, sau dd chit theo ddng Mdi tuan se dio trdn lan, sau ngiy u ddng se ddpe dao trdn v i ehuyen sang vj tri mdi, v i mdt ddng u khie tdOng ta se thay the vj tri eu Cd sau ngiy lai tien hinh dio trdn v i chuyen vj tri nha viy Qui trinh nghien cdu tien hinh 35 ngiy Nhiet dp ddng Ul ddpe theo ddi hing Cich nhiet dp dugc the hien d Hinh Md hinh 2: Ddng u phdi trdn vdi phin bun be td hoai Kfch thdde moi ddng v i q u i trinh u tien hinh tdPng tuf nha tren, nhang rie t h i i dape phdi trdn vdi phin bun de ting dp i'm va d i m bao ty le C/N thieh hpp Moi tuan se dio trdn lin, sau ngiy u ddng se ddpe dio trdn va ehuyen sang vj tri mdi, v i mdt ddng u khic taong tuf se thay the vj tri cu Qui trinh nghien eQu tien hanh 35 ngiy Rie thii hQu CO dQa v i o ed trpng Idpng l i 1,6 tan (tapng dapng khoing 1,5m^), phin bun ed trpng lapng 0,4 tan Rie thii hQu eo phdi trdn vdi phin bun Ric trade trpn d i dugc phin loai v i bam nhd, dem cin len de li'y ty le phdi trdn 2.2 Nguyen lieu thi nghiem Nguyen lieu thi nghiem l i ric thii td ehp v i phan bun tQ be tuf hoai eua eie nha ve sinh edng edng tren dja ban phd Hi Ndi Thanh phin phan tich eua nguyen lieu u the hien nhabing 23, Cdc phuang phdp tien hdnh Bing Ket q u i phin tieh nguyen lieu u [2] Chi tieu Phan biin trUcrc phoi tron Rac trirdrc phoi tron Hdn hop sau phoi tron T° 25 31 31,2 Dp am (%) 78,3 49,3 52,5 SC (% chit khd) 32,4 18,89 22,9 ZN (% chi't khd) 2,63 0,76 0,83 C/N 12,32 25,6 22,8 Trdng giun sin (Bio td/gam) 4500 2100 2580 Nhiet dp dong Ul 60 Nhieldokiionghhi fJhieldobemU Nhiet doddp sau lOon Nhiet dofido sau 200!! Nhiel do sau 40cm NhJeldbftdosauMcm 10 15 20 25 Thdi gian u (ngay) 30 35 40 Hinh 2a Sif dao dpng ciia nhiet dp cac dong u khong phoi trpn Nhiet dp ddng ui 60 Nhiet khong Nhiet be mat Nhiet doodosa 10cm Nhiet d o o d a d 20cm Nhiet doodosa 40 cm Nhiel d o j d o sau 60cm 10 15 20 Ngay u 25 30 35 40 Hmh 2b Slf dao dpng cua nhiet dp cac dong u co phoi trpn v6i phan bim SBniEilgia 9.2009 91 Tong laong Nitrogen hai dong -^Tong Nitrogen dong -•-Tong Nitrogen dong 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 Ngay u Hinh Slf bien doi ni to dong u theo thdi gian Bing Tdng hpp ke't q u i phin tich ric t h i i hdu eP sau giai doan u Mo hinh dong u TT Chi tieu Don vj Cacbon Nito TrQng giun sin P2O5 E.coli mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/IOOg Bio tQ/gam Rac khong phdi trdn Raced phdi trdn 7,3 0,36 0,25 575.10=' 4,1 0,52 0,38 525.10^ 245 210 Loai bd tap chit khdng phii hQu eP I Bim nhd Phdi trdn I I I I Dinh ludng - len men 28 Uchin 20 ngiy Sang, loai bd tap chit Ddng bao Hinh So quy trinh cong nghe xiJ ly rac thai tif chp thi 92 B^ISniEil^l 9.2009 Ket qua va ban luan Sa thay ddi eua nhiet dp: Nhiet dp ddng u d cie dp siu khac cd sd bie'n thien khie nhau, chdng td q u i trinh ehuyen hoi phin huy di^n rat rd ret Nhiet dp ehu ye'u ludn nam khoing 40°C - 55''C l i dieu kien tdt eho qui trinh u Sd dao ddng eua nhiet dp eie ddng u khdng phdi trdn v i cd phdi trpn vdi phin bun dugc the hien dHinh Chuye'n h o i nitO: Sd dao ddng cua nito tong sd ddng u dao ddng khoing 0,7 den 0,95 % chit khd, cdn ddng td khoing 0,8 den 1,5% chit khd Ndi ehung, tdng nito nam khoing g i i trj thieh dng Suf bie'n ddi ni to ddng u theo thdi gian the hien nha bieu hinh Tie'p nhin ric Phin bun tQ nhi vesinh cdng cdng phdn tich thl nghiem Phaong phip ehuan bj mau va phdi trdn nguyen lieu Ric t h i i ddpe phin loai thinh eic thinh phin dd ed hpp phin hdu eP Bun hut tQ cie be tuf hoai eua nhi ve sinh edng edng dugc van ehuyen v i lau giQ tai be chQa BPm dinh mQe hut bun vao ddng rie hQu co sau d i o trpn deu trade u Phapng phip phin tieh - Do nhiet dp: Dung can nhiet dp cam d t i m ddng u nhd the hien hinh - Xie djnh dp i m theo TCVN 5815:2000 - Xie djnh ham Idpng chit hQu CO tong sd % theo TCVN 4050:85 - Xie djnh ham lapng nitP, cacbon tdng sd % theo TCVN 5815: 2001 Chit tro daa di chdn lap Ty le C/N eua ddng g i n nhd ludn eao hon ddng va tri d ty le >25/1, the hien ddng eie vi sinh vat ed dieu kien hoat dpng tdt hon Mun sau u, dape phin tfeh kiem tra them eie thinh phan kim loai ning v i kiem soit m i m benh Cie ket q u i phin tfch rie thai sau u the hien d b i n g Bing Ngudn va lapng chit thii ran tQ hoat ddng cua chp dau mdi TT Hang muc edng trinh Dien tich/ sd Idpng ngddi Tieu chain adc tinh Ldpng rie phit sinh Khu hoat ddng kinh doanh m^ mVlOOOm^ m^ Khu nhi ehP chfnh 2500 m^ 0,8 2,0 Nhi ehp xanh 1350m^ 1,35 Nhi trung ehuyen ndng tho sin 1350 m^ 0,8 1,08 Sin bii hpp ehp ngoii trdi 2778 m^ 0,8 2,22 Nhi kho gdi hing 288 m^ 0,4 0,12 Tdng Cdng 6,77m^ Khu edng cdng II kg/ng/ngay Nhi dieu hinh, phu trp khic 120 ngadi 0,6 72 Nhi nghi tam eho lai xe 70 ngadi 0,6 42 Tdng edng 114kg=0,23m^ Tdng edng -i- II 7,0 m^ 5,3m^ (2,4 tin) Tdng Idpng ric hdu cP (76,2%) Bing Bang tong hpp ehi tieu kinh te eho tram xQ ly Cac chi tieu 1.886.000 ddng/tin Suit diu ta/ tan phin bdn Chi phi van hinh hing nim 175.756.000 ddng/nim Doanh thu hing nim 236.400.000 ddng/nim Thdi gian thu hdi vdn 8,2 nam Bing Tdng hpp doanh thu b i n sin phi'm tQ q u i trlnh xQ ly Namthur4trGrdi Namthijn-3 Doanh thu dO^ddng) Khdi luong (tin/nim) Giaban (lO^ddng/tan) Doanhthu dOMdng) 1.000 150.000 150 1.500 225.000 600 86.400 144 800 115.200 San pham Khdi luong (tin/nim) Giaban (lO^dng/tan) Phin bdn 150 Vat lieu t i i ehe 144 Tong cdng 236.400 340.200 Cie ket qua d bing cho thi'y: -Vdi edng nghe u phdi trdn, him lapng ni to sin pham gap 1,4 lan - 1,62 lin so vdi khdng phdi trpn, taong tuf ham lapng photpho sin phi'm u gap td 1,42 - 2,3 lin so vdi khdng phdi trdn, trdng giun sin giim - Do dugc dao ludng lien tuc, q u i trlnh phan huy nhanh hon, chit Idpng mun ddng deu hon - Md hinh ddng u eip qua dio trdn phu hop de i p dung xQ ly rie thai had c o d quy md nhd SE^niKiffll , 9.2009 93 CONG NGHE M