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xay dung h© tti6ng«eac c^i s6,«ban ttinh phan tich va phuong phdp Odnh gia nhan dgng ngudn g6c ddu; xdc djnh chi s6 nhan dgng cho nnat s6 ddi tupng ddu fhd Viet Nam CN Phan Nhu Dinh KS Ngo Mai Anh KS[.]
xay dung hâ tti6ngôeac c^i s6,ôban ttinh phan tich va phuong phdp Odnh gia nhan dgng ngudn g6c ddu; xdc djnh chi s6 nhan dgng cho nnat s6 ddi tupng ddu fhd Viet Nam CN Phan Nhu-Dinh KS Ngo Mai Anh KS Nguyin Van Mai Vien Diu Viet Nam Ngay nay, nhiem moi trw&ng dang tr& vin de mang tinh toan ciu, nhiem moi trw&ng diu mo va eae san phim diu mo la mot nhO'ng vin de dwgv xa hgi quan tam cang nhieu & Viet Nam, nganh cong nghiep Diu da va dang phat then khong ngirng, ben canh nhO'ng Ig'i ich dau mo dem lai eOng phai ke den nguy ea gay nhiim moi trw&ng sinh thai mot each trwe tiep hoae gian tiep tip cac hoat dgng tham do, khai thae, van ehuyen, tang trip va sir dung diu mo IVIgt nhO'ng vin de dang quan tam ve nhiem moi trw&ng nhO'ng nam vwa qua ia sw xuit hien cac vet diu tren bien, tren song hay eae bai bien lien tue bi DAU KHi - s o 7/2010 nhiem b&i eae mang diu troi dat vao biy, nghiem trgng han la eae vu trim diu khong ro nguon goe gay nhieu kho khan eong tae quan ly, ipng eipu, khae phue h$u qua eOng nhw boi thw&ng thiet hai Khi xay sw eo diu tran, mot nhwng eong viee can phai khin trwang thwe hien la xae djnh khu vwe bj nhiim, tim doi twg'ng va nguon goe diu nhiem Tuy nhien, sw eo xay da lau m&i dwoc phat hien, lue nguon va doi twang gai nhiim da each qua xa cat nguon eo kha nang gay nhiim thi nhiei nen rit kho tim doi twg'ng gay nhien Dieu kha bien la eae dan vj hay ea nhai gay nhiem diu it tw giae nhan traeh nhi^n ve minh nen eae nha chipe trach can J PETROVIETNAM tien hanh xae minh nguon goe va dae trwng eua diu nhiem bing nhO'ng bang ehwng khoa hge mang tinh thuyet phue • ' # ^ ' ' Viec nhan dang nguon goc dau nhiem la rit kho vi phin ciu eua diu rit phirc tap, tiep xue v&i moi trw&ng de bj phong hoa va trgn lin v&i eae phin chit hiru ea tw nhien hoae v&i eae loai diu khae, dae biet la nai da tirng xay nhiem thw&ng xuyen nhw: Khu vwe eiu cang, cipa song cira bien, khu vwe gin kho ehira diu va ehe bien diu Vi vay phai lwa ehgn mot he phwang phap phan tieh thieh hgp va phai eo doi twg'ng lam ehi thj de phan tieh so sanh Hien tren the gi&i da eo rit nhieu phwang phap nhan dang nguon goe diu twang doi tin eay, mot so phwang phap da dwg'C xay dwng tieu ehuin Tuy nhien eae phwang phap khong phai la phu hg'p eho tit ea eae loai diu ma irng v&i mil loai ehi eo the phu hg'p mot hoae mot vai phwang phap nhan dang ma thoi Vi du phwang phap phan tieh Vanadi va Niken (V, Ni) la rit hieu qua doi v&i eae loai diu eo ham Iwg'ng V, Ni eao, nhwng lai kho sir dung de phan biet eae loai diu tho Viet Nam v&i ham Iwg'ng eae kim loai hiu hit diu tho Viet Nam eo gia trj rit thip (xip xi v&i gi&i han phat hien) hoae doi v&i phwang phap phan tieh biomarker eho diu tho Viet Nam bit bugc phai thwe hien them bw&e taeh loai parafin phin l&n eae loai diu tho khae CO the ap dung qui trinh phan tich it phipc tap han, mot so ehi so thw&ng eo ham Iwg'ng qua nho dan den lech ehuin twang doi eua no cae lin phan tieh lap khong dat, nen ein phai lwa chgn phwang phap va eae ehi so phan tieh phu hg'p va phai CO mot qui trinh phan tieh hg'p ly Ben canh viee tim miu diu doi chirng de tien hanh phan tieh nhan dang eOng gap nhieu tr& ngai nhw la khong khoanh vung dwg'C doi twg'ng gay nhiim hang ngan doi twg'ng nghi ng& nen viee truy tim nguon goe phai thwe hien tren nhieu doi twgng, viee se tin rit nhieu th&i gian va ehi phi Do vay viee "Xay dwng he thong eae ehi so, hoan thien qui trinh phan tieh va phwang phap danh gia nhan dang nguon goe diu; xae djnh ehi so nhan dang eho mgt so doi twg'ng diu tho Viet Nam" la viee lam mang tinh cip bach va thiet thwe, eo the ap dung vao thwe tien nhw sau: + Co dwgx: ea s& va phwang phap nhan dang nguon goe diu on djnh va tin eay + He thong eae ehi so nhan dang lam ea s& doi chirng v&i miu diu nhiim ein xae djnh nguon goe + Khoanh vung doi twg'ng nghi ng& gay nhiem nhanh chong va loai bo cae doi twg'ng vo can di han ehe s6 mau phan tieh tiet kiem dwg'C th&i gian va chi phi + Lam cas&phan biet nhanh nguon goe diu tran xuit xir tir nw&e ngoai + DOng lam tai lieu tham khao eae de tai nghien ewu khoa hge eo lien quan Ngoai nghien ciru eon mang y nghia l&n cong tac quan ly va bao ve moi trwang cho nganh noi rieng va cho quoe gia noi chung DAU KHi - s o 7/2010 47 A N T O A N - MOI T R U d N G D A U K H I '.^::'(i/trfti '^ tronq 40 phut 70 Ev TCf 14 phut C h ^ dO chgn Ioc ion (SIM) Qui trinh phan tieh biomarker no tren GC/MS Dieu kien phan tich phan Biomarker No tren thiit bi GC/MS nhu sau: Thi^t bi cot Khi mang Born m i u Chu-ong trinh nhi$t dO NSnq lu'p'ng electron ThO-i qian lo?! bO dunq mOi Ch6 dO cua khdi p h i GC Agilent Technology 6890N MS Agilent Technoioqy 5973N Supeico EQUITY ' " -1 0,25 m x 60m x 0,25mm Nhi^t dO t6i da 350°C He Li/u l u p p q : ml/phut BO b a m mSu SPLIT/SPLITLESS 300"C Nhi$t dO khd'i di6m: SO'-'C, giO phut Gia nhi0t:50 - 290''C tOc dO 4"C/phut GiO 6r nhi§t dO 290''C tronq 50 phut 70 Ev Ti> phut Ch6 dO chpn lpc Ion (SIM) DAU KHi - sO 7/2010 55 -Vii^-r^^ ^ ^ : - Bang cac chi s6 nhan dang nguon goc dau cho dau tho Viet Nam TT 10 11 12 Ki hieu %27Ts %28ab %25nor30ab %29Ts %30O %30G %29ab %30d %32abS %TA21 %TA26 %TA27 13 %27dia 14 %29aaS 15 %29bb 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 %27bbSTER %28bbSTER %29bbSTER W/(T + W) T/(X + T) C30H/(X + C30) C30H/(T + C30H) C2-dbt/C2-phe (%) C3-dbt/C3-phe (%) C3-dbt/C3-chr (%) 2-MP/1-MP(%) 27 4-MD/1-MD(%) 28 retene/C4-phe (%) Djnh nghTa 100 * [27Ts(191)])/([27Ts(191)] + [27Tm(191)]) 100 * [28ab(191)]/([28ab(191)] + [30ab(191)]) 100 * [25nor30ab(191)]/([25nor30ab(191)] + [30ab(191)]) 100 * [29Ts(191)]/([29Ts(191)] + [30ab(191)]) 100 * [300(191 )]/([30O(191)] + [30ab(191)]) 100 * [30G(191 )]/([30G(191)] + [30ab(191)]) 100 * [29ab(191)]/([29ab(191)] + [30ab(191)]) 0 * [30d(191)]/([30d(191)] + [30ab(191)]) 100 * [32abS(191)]/([32abS(191)] + [32abR(191)]) 0 * [C21TA(231)]/([C21TA(231)]+ [RC28TA(231)]) 100 * [SC26TA(231)]/([SC26TA(231)]+ [SC28TA(231)]) 100 * [RC27TA(231)]/(IRC27TA(231)] + [RC28TA(231)]) 100 * ([27dbS(217)] + [27dbR(217)])/ ([27dbS (217)] + [27dbR(217)] + [27bbR(217)] + [27bbS(217)]) 100 * [29aaS(217)]/( [29aaS(217)] + [29aaR(217)] ) 100 * ([29bbR(217)] + [29bbS(217)])/ ([29bbS(217)] + [29bbR(217)] + [29aaS(217)] + [29aaR(217)] ) 100 * [27bb(S + R)(218)]/([27bb(S + R)(218)] + [28bb(S + R)(218)] + [29bb(S + R)(218)]) 100 * [28bb(S + R)(218)]/([27bb(S + R)(218)] + [28bb(S + R)(218)] + [29bb(S + R)(218)]) 100 * [29bb(S + R)(218)]/([27bb(S + R)(218)] + [28bb(S + R)(218)l + [29bb(S + R)(218)]) 100 * (W(369))/(T(369) + W(369)) 100 * (T(369))/(T(369) + X(369)) 100 * (C30H(369))/(X(369) + C30H(369)) 100 * (C30H(369))/(T(369) + C30H(369)) 100 * [C2-dibenzothiophenes/(C2-dibenzothiophenes + C2-phenanthrenesl 100 * [C3-dibenzothiophenes/(C3-dlbenzothiophenes + C3-phenanthrenes)l 100 * [C3-dibenzothiophenes/(C3-dibenzothiophenes + C3-chrysenes)] 100 * [2-methyl phenanthrene/ (2-methyl phenanthrene + 1-methyl phenanthrene)! 100 * [4-methyl dibenzothiophene/ (4-methyl dibenzothiophene + 1-methyl dibenzothiophene)] 100 * [retene/(retene + C4-phenanhrenes)] Ket luan Can CU' vao he t h i n g eae ehi so nhan dang nhom Tren ea sd tham khao eae tieu ehuan, tai lieu phan tae gia phan tieh mgt loat eae ehi s i nhan dang cho tich nhan dang ngudn gde dau va ngoai nude dau thd Viet Nam de lam dO' lieu truy tim nguon goc edng vdi k i t qua thyc nghiem phan tieh nhan dang d i u xay dau tran Dong thdi de eae du lieu ngudn goc d i u tran nhdm tae gia da xay dyng duge duge hO'u dung cac l i n truy tim nguon gic dSu mgt he thong eae ehi so nhan dang nguon goe d i u phd nhdm tac gia cOng da he thong hda eae qui trinh phan hgp cho nhan dang dau thd d Viet Nam tich de ap dung sau tranh di s y sai so dang ke 56 DAU KHi - SO 7/2010 moi l i n phan tieh Day la phuang phap nhan dang t i n g hgp tu nhiiu phuang phap vi lugng tao nen tin cay Idn viec truy tim nguon g i c d i u tran Correlating Spilled Oil to its Source Contaminated Soil Sediment and Water, August 2001 ASTM D 3328-00: Standard Test Methods for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Gas Chromatography (Published in September 2000) Stout, S., W.P Naples, A.D Uhler, K.J McCarthy, L.G Roberts and R.M Uhler Use of Quantitative Biomarker Analysis in the Differentiation and Characterization of Spilled Oil Paper prepared for the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and the Environment, Stavanger, Norway, 26-28 June 2000 Douglas, G.S., A.E Bence, R.C Prince, S.J McMillen and E.L Butler Environmental Stability of Selected Petroleum Hydrocarbon Source and Weathering Ratios In Environ Sci Technol 1996, 30, 2332-2339, 1996 10 Stout, S.A., A.D Uhler, K.J McCarthy and S Emsbo-Mattingly Chemical fingerprinting of Hydrocarbons, in Introduction to Environmental Forensies (Eds Murphy and R D Mornson) Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA., pp 137-260, 2002 Faksness, L.-G, Hermann Weiss, P S Daling Revision of the Nordtest methodology for Oil Spill Identification - Technical report SINTEF report STF66 A01028, 2002 11 Strom-Khstiansen, T, A Lewis, P S Daling, J N Hokstad and I Singsaas Weathering and dispersion of naphthenic, asphaltenic, and waxy crude oils In Proceedings of the 1997 International Oil Spill Conference, pp 631-636, 1997 Tai lieu tham khao Odd Haug, Pal Evensen and Eivind A Martinsen (1990), Oil drift models for the South China Sea Det Norske Meteorology Institute Peters, K.E and Moldowan, J M Effects of source, thermal maturity and biodegradation on the distribution and isomerisation of Homohopanes in petroleum In Org Geochem., v 17 p 47-61, 1991 Peters, K.E., Moldowan, J.M The Biomarker Guide Interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments 363 pp Englewood Cliffs, N.J (Prentice Hall) ISBN 0-13-086752-7, 1993 Radke, M Organic chemistry of aromatic Hydrocarbons In Advances in Petroleum Geochemstry 1987, Vol.2 Academic Press, London, England, pp 141-207, 1988 Stout, S.A., A.D Uhler, K.J McCarthy and S Emsbo-Mattingly (2001) A Methodology for 12 Wang, Z and M Fingas Use of Methyldibenzothiophenes as Markers for Differentiation and Source Identification of Crude and Weathered Oils In Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 29, no 11, 1995 page 2842-2849 13 Wang, Z., M Fingas and D.S Page Oil spill identification In J Chrom A 843, 369-411, 1999 14 Weiss, H.M., Wilhelms, A., Mills, N., Scotchmer, J., Hall, P.B., Lind, K and Brekke, T, NIGOGA (2000) The NonA/egian Industry Guide to Organic Geochemical Analyses [online] Edition 4.0 Published by Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Geolab Nor, SINTEF Petroleum Research and the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate 102 pp, 2000 Available from http://www.npd.no/enqelsk/niqoqa/niqoqa.pdf DAU KHi - so 7/2010 57 ... 17p, 20R - cholestane 24-Ethyl-5a(H), 14P (H), 17P, 20S - cholestane 24-Ethyl-5a(H), 14a(H), 17a, 20R - cholestane 5a (H), 14p(H), 17P(H), 20R - cholestane 5a (H), 14P(H), 17P(H), 20S - cholestane... (H), 17a(H), 20S - cholestane (diastenane ) 13P(H), 17a(H), 20R - cholestane (diasterane ) 24-Methyl-5a(H), 14a(H), 17a, 20R - cholestane 24-Ethyl-5a(H), 14a(H), 17a, 20S - cholestane 24-Ethyl-5a(H),... 24-Methyl-5a(H), 14p (H), 17P, 20R - cholestane 24-Methyl-5a(H), 14p (H), 17p, 20S - cholestane 24-Ethyl-5a(H), 14P (H), 17P, 20R - cholestane 24-Ethyl-5a(H), 14p (H), 17p, 20S - cholestane Diasterane/sterane