KHOA HOC, C 6 N G N G H E CHUYEN GIAO NGHIEN CtJU CONG NGHE Xtf LY MOT SO LOAI CHAT THAI CUA NGANH DAU KHI THEO H U O N G TAN DUNG LAM VAT LIEU XAY DUNG TS NGUYEN QUOC BINH Vien Ky thuat Nhiet ddi va[.]
KHOA HOC, C N G N G H E - CHUYEN GIAO NGHIEN CtJU CONG NGHE Xtf LY MOT SO LOAI CHAT THAI CUA NGANH DAU KHI THEO H U O N G TAN DUNG LAM VAT LIEU XAY DUNG TS NGUYEN QUOC BINH Vien Ky thuat Nhiet ddi va BVMT TP Ho Chi M/n Tom tat Sao cao dwa mot so ket qua nghien ciru xir ly ve phan, tinh chat cung nhw cong nghe xir ly bim khoan va tro thai sinh tir qua trinh dot chat thai cua nganh dau theo hwdng tan dung san xuat gach ngoi Bwdc dau danh gia chat Iwgng san pham thu dwgc cho thay cong nghe co tinh kha thi Tir de xuat bien phap quan ly loai chat thai mot each phii hgp BVMT Abstract The report presents researching results of technology in treatment of drilling mud and ash residues from combustion of oil-gas hazadous solid wastes to produce brick As a first step, the results proclaimed this technology a practical method Base on that some measures for ash management is proposed for environmental protection L ma DAU Chat thai dau sinh tQ qua trinh khoan tham va khai thac dau khi, vdi khdi lupng 6000 tan/nam day la chat thai nguy hai ed nguy CP gay ONMT cao Trong thdi gian vQa qua Vietsovpetro da phdi hpp vdi nhieu co quan cd chQc nang de xQ ly chat thai Phan Idn chat thai da dQpe tai che hoac dot tren Id dot hai cap tai Cty TNHH Sdng Xanh, Tinh Ba Rja - Vung tau Tuy nhien, cho den hang tram tan hda chat dung djch khoan va tro sinh tQ qua trinh ddt rae dau van chua dupc giai quyet mdt each thet de, dang chd mpt bai chdn lap an toan - Chat thai co nguon goc la hoa chat dung dich khoan thai: Loai chat thai dang tdn dpng hang tram tan tai Cty TNHH Song Xanh Dung djch khoan dupc chia lam loai ehinh, phu thupc vao chat lam dung mdi (hay gpi la pha mang): dung djch khoan gdc nude, dung djch khoan gdc dau va dung dich khoan gdc tdng hpp, dd Vietsovpetro sQ dung dung djch khoan gdc nude He dung djch khoan gdc nude gdm phan chinh la nude va dat set va cac phu gia hoa chat khac Ket qua phan tich eae phan dpc hai bun khoan lay tai bai chdn lap Nui Dinh va Cty Song Xanh cua chung toi nhieu dpt cho ket qua Bang • Tro thai: Tro sinh qua trinh dot chat thai bao gdm tro lang budng ddt (gpi la tro day) va tro bay theo khdi thai (gpi la tro nhe hay tro bay) Thanh phan cua tro phu thupe vao phan chat thai dupc ddt va cdng nghe dot Loai chat thai cung phat sinh cang tang hang Cty TNHH Song Xanh van dot vai chuc tan chat thai Hien ehi co mpt phan tro thai dupc Cty tan dung lam gaeh block Ket qua phan tich cac phan kim loai nang tro tu qua trinh ddt rae dau tai Cty TNHH Sdng Xanh cua chung tdi nhieu dpt cho ket qua Bang Trudc day chung tdi da tien hanh nghien cQu cong nghe xQ ly cac chat thai theo hudng betong h6a[1,2] Trong bao cao nhom nghien cQu thupe Vign Ky thuat Nhiet ddi va BVMT tiep tuc gidi thieu mdt sd ket qua Bang 1: Thanh phan kim loai nang bun khoan nghien cQu xQ ly chat thai theo hudng tan dung lam Ndng dp (mg/kg) Chi tieu Ndng dp (mg/kg) vat lieu xay dung, cu the la dua vao phan vat Chi tieu lieu de san xuat gach, gop phan hoan thien qua 0,52-69 Cu Cr 0,7-160 trinh xQ ly triet de chat thai dau khf, BVMT 0,25-85 Zn 0-0,1 Cd II DOI TirUNG VA PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN CUiU 0,5-300 Mn 0,4-200 Pb Ni 0,3-44 Ti (Nguon: Vien Ky thuat Nhiet ddi va BVMT) 18 BAO HQ LAO DQNG 9/2010 20 - 500 11.1 Ddi tupng Odi tupng nghien cQu xQ ly gdm hai loai chat KHOA H O C , CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO Bang 2: Thanh otan kim loai tro tif qua trinh dot rae dau STT Chi tieu AI Cu Si Zn Ca Pb Mn Cd Ti mg/kg STT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3000 - 5000 30 - 3000 7000-10.000 28 - 220 1000-10.000 20-150 24-140 0-12 5000-1000 fWgudn; Vien Ky thuat Nhiet ddi va BVMT) Chi tieu V Ni As Cr Sn Mo Bi Co Ag Bang 3: Thanh phan hoa hpc ciia dat set lam thi nghiem Thanh phan % Thanh phan % SiO, 61,54 CaO 0,00 TiOp 1,07 NajO 0,12 AI2O3 19,35 KpO 1,41 8,43 FesOa 0,11 P2O5 FeO 0,31 MKN (do CO) 7,09 MnO 0,00 SO, 0,04 MgO 0,53 Mg/kg 1-6 3-16 2-18 18-55 40-190 5-19 1-12 10 2,0 phu va tro d dang ran) ed the phan bd deu toan bp gach mau, chat thai phai dupc trpn vdi dat set d trang thai khd, mjn Do dd, dat set dupe phoi that khd vdng tuan, rdi dupe gia nhuydn bang chay va cdi trudc dem trpn vdi bun khoan va tro theo ty le Bang va Bang Hdn hpp dat set va chat thai sau nhae trpn vdi nude dupc u vdng Qua trinh u dupc tien hanh bang each cho hdn hpp vao bao ni long bupc kin, de dat set trd nen dec va co the tao hinh Sau dupe tao hinh bang khuon 5cm x 5cm x 5cm, gach mau dupe phoi khd treng vdng Thdi gian phoi dat y§u cau mau eua vien gach chuyen sang trang xam Qua trinh phoi khd nham dam bao gach khdng bj nurt hoac nd qua trinh nung (do lupng nude bd'c hoi da giam), ddng thdi gach it bj bien dang qua trinh chuyen chd - Nung 16 gach Gach kho dupc chd xudng 16 gach Phudc An, (Long thai sau: - Chat thai c6 ngudn gdc la hda chat dung dich khoan thai - Tro sinh tQ cac 16 dot rae dau 11.2 PhUcfng phap nghien cuU 11.2.1 Nghien cuV san xuat gach tCfchat thai a Nguyen lieu - Dat set: Oat set dupc lay tU mpt Id gach thu cdng d Phudc An (Long Thanh, Odng Nai) vdi phan hoa silicat dupc the hien Bang Bang 4: Ti le phd'i trpn dat set va bun khoan - Bun khoan va tro Dat set Tile Ki hieu miu Miu bun khoan va tro cd phan hda ly mCin khoan : dat set g dupc nghien cQu d Bang va Bang b Dung cu - thiet bi BTO mau dd'i chQng 5000 Qua trinh thf nghiem dupe tien hanh vdi su hpp 1:10 5000 81 tac cua Id gach thu cdng Phudc An (Long Thanh, 2:10 5000 82 Odng Nai) Cac dung cu, thiet bj chinh gdm co: 3:10 5000 83 - Chay va cdi 4:10 5000 84 -Can Bang 5: Tile phoi trpn dat set va tro - bp khudn 5cm x 5cm x 5cm Oat set Tile Ki hieu mau -May trpn tro: dat set g c Cach tien hanh - Chuan bj miu 8T0 miu ddi chQng 5000 Oat set mang v6 phdng thi nghiem trang TIV 1:15 3750 thai ed thd tao hinh (dec: da dupc nghien va trpn TII 2:10 4000 nude) Nhung de chat thai (bun khoan d dang huyen Till 3:10 3500 9/2010 Bun khoan g 500 1000 1500 2000 Tro g 250 800 1050 B A O HQ LAO DQNG 19 KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO Bang 6: Dp ben nen cua miu co chufa bun khoan STT Ki hieu mau Dp ben nen (kN/cm^) BTO 1,34 Bl 1,34 B2 1,17 B3 1,12 B4 0,67 Bang 7: Do ben nen cua mau co chu'a tro STT Ki hieu mau Dp ben nen (kN/cm^) BTO 1,34 3,53 TIV Til 2,49 2,27 Till n Bang 8: Dp hut nifdc cQa mau co chu'a bun khoa sau 48 gid STT Ki hieu mau Op hut nude sau 48 gid(%) BTO 20,23 Bl 21,68 22,10 B2 22,24 B3 26,34 B4 Bang 9: Dp hut nwdc cua mau co chiia tro sau 24 gid 06 hut nude sau 24 gid(%) STT Kihieu mau BTO 20,07 BIV 16,68 Bli 16,73 Bill 16,06 Bang 10: Do hutnWdc cua mau co chua tro sau 48 gid Kihieu mau Dd hut nude sau 48 gid(%) BTO 20,23 16,34 BIV 16,81 BII BIII 16,10 sn a Kiem tra kha nang hoa tan tra lai kim loai nang nwdc mau gach thu dwgc Sau kiem tra dp ben nen va dp hut nude, mau gaeh c6 pha bun khoan va miu gach cd pha tro, chpn miu gach CO dae tfnh co ly tdt nhat so vdi cac miu cung loai dd kiem tra tiep dp ben ddi vdi moi trudng song song vdi miu ddi chQng BTO Miu gach dupc chpn se dupc ngam nude cat vdi t^ le khdi lupng gach/khdi lupng nude cat la 1/10 Sau nude ngam gach se dupc tuan, tuan, tuan, tuan lay de xae dinh cae chi tieu kim loai nang Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd Ndng dp cac kim loai nang dupc so sanh vdi Tieu chuan ve sinh (TCVS) ddi vdi chat lupng nude cap cho an udng va sinh hoat (505 BYT/QD, 13/4/1992), va ddi chieu them vdi mpt sd tieu chuan nude udng cua nude ngoai nhu cija Co quan BVMT My EPA, Bp Y te va Phuc Ipi Canada va WHO b Kiem tra kha nang hoa tan tra lai kim loai nang moi trwang co pH khac Cac bude thf nghiem dupc tien hanh tuong tu mdi trudng nude cat cd pha them dung djch CH3COOH 1N hoac dung djch NaOH 1N de eo cac pH thay ddi III KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA BAN LUAN Mau gach thu dupc tU qua trinh tren dupc kiem tra tfnh nang CP ly [3,4,5] Ket qua dupc trinh bay dudi day: III.1 Danh gia tfnh nang cd ly cua vat lieu - Xae djnh dp ben nen cua gach theo TCVN 6355-1: 1998 Ket qua dp ben nen cCia miu dua trcng Bang va Bang Nhan xet: Vdi t^ le trpn bun khoan/dat set la 1/10, miu gach 81 cd dp ben nen tUPng duong vdi dp ben nen cua miu gach ddi ChQng Khi ham iQpng bun khoan mau tang thi kha nang chju nen cua miu gaeh giam, co the bun Thanh, Odng Nai) Day la mdt Id gach thu cdng cd che dp khoan ed lin mdt ft dau va hda chat lan bun khoan nung nhu sau: ' - Giai doan 1: Xong 16 vdng 12 gid Qua trinh Khi nhiet dp tang, lupng dau bde hoi nhanh rdi chay cung vdi su phan huy cua cac hda chat, lam cho cau true gia nhiet xay cham de iupng nude cdn lai gach ben vien gach cd nhieu 15 rdng, gach co dp xdp cao bd'c hoi tQtQ, tranh hien tupng nOt, nd vien gach se chju nen kem - Giai doan 2: Cdn gpi la giai doan 'IQa Idn" Nhien Op ben nen cua mau TIV (t;^ le tro/bCin khoan la 1/15) lieu (cui) dupc cap vao Id lien tuc de nhiet dp 16 dupe cao nhat bdn mau Mac du d6 ben nen eCia miu tri d khoang 800°C vdng 12 gid gaeh giam lupng tro pha vao miu tang len nhung ca ba - Giai doan 3: Ngung cap nhien lieu Id dupc de nguoi mau cd pha tro TIV (t