662 Thay ddi quy trinh minh giai dut gay trong md cd c§u true dja chat phdcj£P^ •̂ '''' , THAY DOI QUY TRINH MINH GIAI DlTX GAY TRONG MO CO CAU TRUC DIA C H A T PHlTC TAP Jim Lingley, Nguyin Minh Tuan Sc[.]
662 Thay ddi quy trinh minh giai dut gay md cd cĐu true dja chat phdcjÊP^ ã^ ', THAY DOI QUY TRINH MINH GIAI DlTX GAY TRONG MO CO CAU TRUC DIA CHAT PHlTC TAP Jim Lingley, Nguyin Minh Tuan Schlumberger TOM T A T Ngdy nay, nin cdng nghiep ddu dang ddi mat v&i nhiiu thdch thirc m&i Mdt sd thdch thuc liin quan din yiu td thi tru&ng, sd cdn lgi liin quan t&i phuc tgp cua diiu kiin dia chdt md vd mdi tru&ng thdm do, khai thde Trong do, nhu cdu gia tdng ty le thu hdi ddu, ddi v&i cdc md khai thac dugc xem Id vdn di thiit yiu Thuc ti thi trir lugng ddu md trin thi gi&i dang gidm, gid ddu vd nhu cdu tieu thu lgi tdng Mdt vdi ndm gdn day, cdc chuyen gia sir dung nhiiu cdng cu, mdy mdc thiit bi hiin dgi viec cdi tiin cdc quy trinh tim kiim, thdm dd ddu V&i cdc tiin bd cdng nghi mdy tinh, ngdy cdng nhiiu cdng ty ddu trang bi mdy tinh PC cho viec minh gidi, phdn tich tdi lieu Mdy tinh PC dap ung dugc cdc yeu cdu da dgng cua ngdnh cdng nghiep ddu khi, khdng nhirng viec tim kiim, thdm dd md cdn giup lap bdo cdo, hdi hop qua mgng vd han thi nda la cd thi xach tay Cung v&i su thay ddi nhanh chdng ve cdu hinh phdn cirng cua mdy tinh PC, cdc gidi phdp, phdn mim irng dung di kem ciing phdt triin nhanh chdng vd dugc dung di thuc hiin cdc phdn tich, tinh todn trir lugng Nhiing yiu td trin giup cdc chuyin gia cd thi phdn tich, nghiin ciru md ky cdng han, chinh xdc hon, gidm thiiu rui ro, bdt dinh, vd hiiu ro han vi md hinh trdi ddt & cd hai trgng thdi tinh vd ddng Viec hiiu ro vi cdc kiiu dirt gdy md cua mink se giup cae ehuyin gia cd cdi nhin todn diin hem vi cdu true dia chdt long ddt Diiu ndy giup cho viec quyit dinh liin quan t&i viec dgt vi tri giing khoan, gidn khoan vd tinh todn tinh kinh ti cua timg gieng khoan mdt Y tw&ng m&i + Cong nghi m&i = Gia tdng trir Iwgng (thim md) Vi irng dung cdc y tu&ng m&i lgi quan trong? Chung ta ciing nhin lgi birc tranh todn cdnh ciia quy trinh phdt triin md Nin tdng cua viec phdt triin md dugc hiep hdi cdc nhd dia chdt - dia vgt ly lap vd la nhdn td co bdn di phdt triin them Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam D^u Viet Nam: Co- hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi' 663 Hinh 1: Birc tranh toan canh cua quy trinh phat trien mo (Lap duai ciing: lap dia chat - dia vat ly, cac chuyen gia dia chat, dia vat ly co the thay kich thuac m6, vi tri, cac loai da va cac chat luu mo Lap giira, \&p c6ng nghe mo, cho chiing ta th6ng tin ve su chuyen dong cua chat luu, va cac du doan ve kha nang thu h6i dau, LcDp tren ciing, lap c6ng nghe khai thac, tap trung vao viec t6i uu hoa qua trinh thu h6i dau) QUY TRINH MINH GlAl DLTT GAY Su hieu biet cua chiing ta d6i vai cac d6i tugng long dat phu thuoc nhieu theo kinh nghiem, c6ng nghe, y tuong va tai lieu chiing ta dang co Do chat lugng, loai va s6 lugng tai lieu thay d6i theo vimg mo, nen chiing ta can phai co cac c6ng cu de c6 the hieu sau ban ve cac doi tugng tren Hinh cho chiing ta mot cai nhin ting quan vl qua trinh minh giai cac diit gay Mot s6 phin viec co thi dugc thuc hien bing phuong phap truyin thong la minh giai theo timg tuyin dia chin mot Dilu phu thuoc vao tai lieu va phuong phap nghien cuu 664 Thay ddi quy trinh minh giai dut gay mo cd cau true dja chatj^hdcjgp^ r Input Seismic w RIter or afnoothing rreconaitioning ir Attribiites 1r Traditional Interpr^ador1 Edge Bihancanent ^ ^'^^^^^ Hinh 2: Quy trinh minh giai diit gay (truyen th6ng) Tai lieu dia chan thuong di kem vai tin hieu nhieu (noise) lien quan tai viec thu n6, xir ly, van t6c, hoae moc (datum) Nhieu gay nhieu kho khan cho viec minh giai tai lieu dia chan Neu qua trinh minh giai, chiing ta nhan ro dugc nhieu thi co the nhan dang dugc ngu6n g6c ciia nhieu va co the soat lai cac th6ng s6 xir ly Bang viec tien hanh cac buac tien xir ly (precondition) tai lieu dia chan, chiing ta c6 the nhan dang dugc cau tnic dia chat tir tai lieu dia chan Th6ng tin c6 the dugc diing de kiem chimg lai cac minh giai diit gay va co the tim kiem them th6ng tin ve mo Vai tinh chat rieng ciia minh, tai lieu dia chan cung cap mgt s6 th6ng tin lien quan den cau tnic dia chat, dieu ma tai lieu carota kh6ng the lam dugc (vi du nhu cac diit gay xien) Hinh se cung cap them cho cac chuyen gia mot quy trinh moi dimg de xay dung ban d6 cau tnic mo ^Seismic -^ Precondition I Dip Attributes "•" Manual Interpretation Filtering i Coherency Chaos Ants "TaulTl^ Volune L,L dU \ ,,.,.MllJi„l,l^, Recondition ig Structure Editot, Hinh 3: Quy trinh minh giai dirt gay moi Area! Filtering Tuygn tap bao cao H^i nghj KHCN "30 nam DIU Viet Nam: Co' hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi 665 CHINH LY T A I LIEU DIA C H A N Sa d l tren bilu diln cac buac lien quan tai viec chinh ly tai lieu dia chan Cac buac bao gIm cac thuoc tinh nhu loc Gaussian (Gaussian Filter), Gain, hoae cae c6ng cu loai b6, hieu chinh tin sl Cac hinh sau day cho ta thay ro hon viec ap dung cac thuoc tinh len tai lieu dia chin Ori^nal Filtering Hinh 4: Mat cat dia chan chira diro'c conditioning (ben trai) va mat cat da diro'c filter (ben phai) Co rat nhieu thuoc tinh chan dugc sir dung viec nghien ciru cau true dia chat cua mo Chung co the dugc sir dung rieng le hoae ket hgp vai de cho ket qua tot ban Hinh cho ta thay mat cat dia chan da dugc loc tan s6 cao, sau se dugc lam smoothing va edge enhancement Khi thuc hien chay thuoc tinh dia chan, chung ta nen xac dinh ro muc tieu cua minh va tranh viec bo di cac th6ng tin ve dia chat ma tai lieu dang c6 Muc tieu sau ciing ciia cac viec la cung d p mot biic tranh ro rang ban vl he thing dirt gay tren cac mat cit dia chin 666 Thay ddi quy trinh minh giai diit gay md cd cau true dja chat phuc tap THUOC TINH LAM RO BIEN Cac chuyen gia mu6n co mgt hinh anh ro ban ve sir phan b l va huong cua cau tnic ben duai mat dat Smoothing & Dip Guide Edge Enhancement Hinh 5: Thuoc tinh lam ro bien (edge enhancement) Trong Hinh 5, chiing ta co the thiy ro han cac dut gay sau ap dung cac thuoc tinh dia chan Cac thuoc tinh dugc ap dung bao gom smoothing va edge/dip enhancement (hinh phia ben tay trai) Trong qua trinh minh giai, chiing ta co thi ap dung them cac thuoc tinh kbac dl hilu ro ban vl clu tnic dja chat Tuy vao chit lugng tai lieu, tan s6 (frequency) va goc phuang vi (azimuth) co the cung cap them th6ng tin quan (Hinh 6) Tuyen tap bao cdo HQi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau Viet Nam: Co' hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 667 Azimuth Frequency Hinh 6: Ap dung mot s6 thuoc tinh dia chan de hieu ro hon ve m6 hinh dirt gay Khi ap dung thuoc tinh smoothing, cac diit gay chinh c6 thi se bi ma di, nhien, neu ap dung cimg vai thuoc tinh edge va dip enhancement thi cac dut gay se ro net ban nhieu Chiing ta c6 the lam ro ban cac dut gay bang each ap dung cac thuoc tinh khae nhu coherency, variance va chaos (thuoc tinh bin don) Hinh cho ta thiy kit qua cua viec ap dung cac thuoc tinh smoothing va edge enhancement Bang duai day liet ke mot so thuoc tinh co the sir dung quy trinh xac dinh cau tnic dia chat cua m6: Bang 1: Mot so thuoc tinh dia chan co the ap dung quy trinh minh giai dut gay Thuoc tinh Dirt gdy chinh Dut gdy phu Dirt gdy Khong liin tuc Dip X X X X Azimuth x Chaos X Fault Edge X XX Variance XX XX Ant tracking XX XX X XX X X XX X 668 Thay ddi quy trinh minh giai dut gay md co chu triic dja chiit phiic tap Nhtrng thuoc tinh dugc liet ke a tren kh6ng phai se dugc ap dung cho tit ca cac m6 Do sir thay d6i m6i truong tram tich, va cac su kien kem theo, nen co mot miic ding nhat cau tnic cua m6 D6i chat lugng tai lieu ciing gay nen nhiing giai ban nhit dinh viec ap dung quy trinh minh giai Nhin vao cac hinh ben duai, chiing ta co the hieu them vl cac kilu diit gay Hmh 7: Cac lat cat dia chan (tune slice) qua cac khoi thuoc tinh migration, dip, variance, chaos THUOC TINH DIA C H A N ANT TRACKING C6ng nghe ant tracking diing dl minh giai dirt gay tu dong Khi ap dung ant tracking len khii dtr lieu dia chan, ta co thi co dugc cac kit qua nhu khii thuoc tinh ant tracking (ant tracking cube), cac mang dirt gay (fault patch) C6n trimg co siic thu hiit dac biet dii vai cae nha khoa hoc, hanh vi ciia c6n tning la nen tang cua viec phat triln khai niem "tri th6ng minh biy dan" Co bao gia ban quan sat cac chu kien di kilm mli chua? Nlu co, ban co ngac nhien kh6ng thiy cac chu kiln di chuyen rat trat tu? Chiing ta tao hang loat cac tac nhan co hanh vi gilng nhu kien ggi la "kiln nhan tao" Khi "kien nhan tao" di chuyin ben mot khii thuoc tinh dia chan, chiing se phat cac pheromone dien tir danh diu doc theo cac dirt gay Khi ma co nhieu chu "kiln nhan tao" di tren ciing mot duang thi duang dugc xac dinh nhu la mot dirt gay Tuygn tap bao cao Hoi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau Viet Nam: Co hdi mdi, thach thiic mdi" 669 Nhung chu "kiln nhan tao" khae kh6ng kilm dugc cac diu hieu eiia dirt gay se bi loai bo Hinh se minh hoa mot each khai quat khai niem Hinh 8: Chii kien nao th6ng minh hon? Con duong ngan nhat co nhieu kha nang la diit gay hon nhung duong khae ANT TRACKING - PRECONDITIONING T A I LIEU DIA C H A N V A VIEC LUA CHON CAC THONG SO Neu ban biet tuong d6i ro ve thuoc tinh dia chan va kieu dirt gay, ban eo the dieu chinh hay huong dan hanh vi ciia cac chii kien truac chay thuoc tinh Chung ta co the thuc hien dieu bang each sir dung bieu d6 cue (polar plot) Hinh duai day m6 ta viec chon lua goc phuang vi va g6c cam ciia dirt gay de giai ban viec tu dong minh giai dirt gay Ben canh do, co nhieu th6ng s6 khae niia ta co the chon de dieu chinh chat lugng s6 lieu dau sau ap dung ant tracking :!• A t t f i b u l i i (•[i4.>rtitt(jn AUiibut*Lkoiy] RHliMSctlinsit SUMonetlMo Hmh 9: Bieu cue dimg de prcconditionmg dir lieu dja chan tru'oc ap dung ant tracking 670 Thay ddi quy trinh minh giai diit gay mo co chu triic dja chat phiic tap Vi du Hinh eho ta thay cac dirt gay co goc phuang \i nim da> 60 120/240 - 290 va goc elm nh6 hon 15" se kh6ng dugc tfnh Hinh ben phai the hien kieu dirt gay va huong ma bieu d6 cue de cap den Sir dung bien phap chiing ta eo the thuc hien ant tracking nhieu lan khae vai eae thuoc tinh dut gay khae de co the minh giai cac kieu dirt gay khae mo eiia minh Co the ban se rat mu6n minh giai cang nhieu dirt gay cang t6t hoae co the ap dung cac th6ng s6 de giai ban s6 lugng dirt gay theo dung y mu6n eiia minh Bieu cue se giup ban thue hien dieu I B B i l t? 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