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322 Kgt qua dng dung keo dan khae phuc sir cd rd chay bg ehda xang dau KET QUA iTNG DUNG KEO DAN KHAC PHUC SI/ CO RO CHAY BE CHlTA XANG DAU Trinh Kien Qudc, Nguyen Qudc Khanh Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, Tran V[.]
322 Kgt qua dng dung keo dan khae phuc sir cd rd chay bg ehda xang dau KET QUA iTNG DUNG KEO D A N K H A C PHUC SI/ CO RO C H A Y B E CHlTA X A N G D A U Trinh Kien Qudc, Nguyen Qudc Khanh Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, Tran Van Toai TT Nghien ciru vd Phdt trien Che bien Ddu TOM T A T Qud trinh van hdnh cdc kho xdng ddu vd van chuyin xdng ddu bdng cdc phucmg tiin van tdi thiiy, bp hodc bdng dudng dng, viec xdy su cd rd ri Id diiu khd trdnh khdi Khi su cd xdy ra, khdc phuc bdng phuang phdp hdn ddi hdi nhiiu yeu cdu vi an todn phdng chdng chdy nd Phuong phdp diing keo ddn khdc phuc su cd rd ri xdng ddu dam bdo tuyet ddi an todn chdy nd, dp bin cao, thdi gian sua chira ngdn, hiiu qud kinh ti, dd dugc dp dung d nuac ngodi nhiiu ndm trudc ddy Bdi viit gidi thiiu viec dung keo ddn khdc phuc su cd rd ri bi chua xdng ddu da dugc Trung tdm Nghiin cim vd Phdt triin Chi biin Ddu nghiin ciru thuc nghiem Phuang phdp dd dugc img dung tgi mpt kho xdng ddu ciia PetroVienam vd thu duge kit qud my mdn Nguy CO" chay nd mdi trudng xang dau Vat chua da bet xang, nhung cd tia lua hoae nggn lua, vin xay chay nd [1, 2] Xang dau ndi tren mat nude gap tia lua cung chay [1] Tac hai be chii'a xang bj rd - Mat an toan chay nd - Tdn that xang dau - Tac ddng xau den mdi trudng Han be chua xang bj rd, rat mit an toan chay nd Vi vay, da quy dinh nghiem ngat cac cdng viec phai tiln hanh theo trinh ty sau: - Cach ly be bi rd khdi cac be khae bing each thilt lap tudng ngan lua - Bom bet xang dau khdi be chua - Thao cac dng dan va md nap dam - Lam sach that can than be den het can xang diu - Danh rua be bang ddng nude ndng cd ap suat - Thdi khdng dudi bet hoi nhien lieu bang each su dyng quat cdng suit ldn hoae de thoang nhieu thang - Ddi cuu hda tryc san sang dap chay Can nghien cuu mdt cdng nghe mdi bao dam an toan de thay cho cdng nghe cu lac hau Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam Diu Vift Nam: Cff hdi mdi, thdeh thde mdi" 323 Tinh iru viet cua moi ndi bang keo dan Cac hgp chat keo cd nhieu tinh chat uu viet so vdi cac phuong phap lien ket kim loai khae: - Kha nang lien ket kim loai d nhiet phdng Dieu dac biet quan trgng phye hdi cac bd phan cd chua mdi trudng de nd va de chay - Do kin cua mdi lien ket, khdng can dung them cac dem chuyen dung - Sy gia tang ben ddi vdi an mdn cua mdi lien ket, bdi vi chat dan ngan can sy phat sinh an mdn dien hda - Don gian cdng nghe lien ket cac kim loai cung mdt loai, va khae loai - Khdng cd trudng hgp lam yeu cyc bd kim loai Trudng hgp xay ban tac ddng cua nhiet cao Cdn trudng hgp lien ket bang dinh tan va buldng thi xay sy lam giam tiet dien be mat bdi nhirng Id - Kha nang lien ket nhiing cau true tam mdng ma khdng lam bien dang chung - Giam trgng lugng cua cau true - Khdng ddi hdi nhdng thiet bi cdng nghe phuc tap va nhirng nhan vien cd trinh chuyen mdn cao Yeu cau ddi vdi keo de sua chua thiet bj dau Nhdng loai keo da dugc de nghi de su dyng vao nhdng chi tiet cua cac thiet bi edng nghiep dau trudc het phai dap ung nhung ddi hdi co ban sau: - Bao dam dugc ben co hgc yeu cau nhirng dieu kien su dyng - Cd kha nang ddng ran vdi co ngdt nhd va khdng tach cac chat bay hoi, khdng can dung den ap lyc tiep xuc cao va d nhiet phdng - Khdng an mdn kim loai dugc dan va khdng cd kha nang pha buy chung - Cd ben hda hgc mdi trudng dau khi, quyen va nude - Nhijng cau tu cua keo can phai cd "kha nang sdng" lau va it ddc Sda chua thiet bj dau bang keo dan C) nude ngoai, da tien hanh nhung cdng tac nghien cuu kha nang va sy thich hgp eua viec ap dyng mdi lien ket bang keo epoxy khdi phye mgt sd cym chi tiet cua nhdng thiet bi dung cho cung cap, van chuyen va bao quan dau md va [3] Do ben lau da chiu dyng cua nhung cym chi tiet, da dugc khdi phuc bang phuong phap dan, da ehi rd tinh thich ung cua viee dung phuang phap ke tren thyc te sua chua cua nhiing xi nghiep dau Thyc te d nude ngoai da ehi rd hieu qua cua viec ap dyng keo dan sua chua dng dan bang thep ma khdng cd sy tach rdi chung khdi viec cung cap khi, dau md va nude Trong thyc te d Nga viec sua chua tat ca nhdng thiet bj cua cdng nghiep dau md thudng dugc su dung keo epoxy de khdi phye be ehua dau md, dudng dng dan va nhijng phu kien dudng dng, bom va nhiJng thiet bi may nen, ddng co dot trong, nhijng thiet bi trao ddi nhiet, dyng cy va kiem tra 324 Kgt qua dng dung keo dan khae phue sir ed rd chay bg ehda xang dau Keo epoxy ' r Bang 1: Tinh chat co" ly cua keo td nhua 3/1-5 va 3/1-6 ddng ran bang amin va anhydrit [4 - 34 Loai chat dong ran Anhydrit Amin Cac chi tieu Do ben tam thdi, kg/cm - Khi nen - Khi udn 1320 1500 1070 - Khi keo 570 700 He sd dan nd dai, a 10"^/°C 67 63 Do ben theo phuang phap VIC, °C ^ 110 125^ 135 Do cdng theo phuong phap Brinen, kg/cm^ 25^30 30-^35 1150 Bang 2: Anh hirdng cua moi trirdng len tinh chat ccr hoc cua mang keo (thdi gian chju tac dong 1000 gid) [4 - 75] Moi trirdng Khong Khdng Dau md Dau md Dau md Nude Nude Nhiet do, "C 20 150 20 80 150 20 80 Tinh chat co' hoc cua mang keo 6k, kg/cm^ E 10^ kg/cm' e % 730 23,0 6,0 615 26,5 4,4 700 22,0 7,0 685 21,8 7,4 680 5,0 25,2 675 21,0 7,6 645 20,6 8,0 Ghi chii: - 5j;: Do ben keo, kg/cm^ - E.IO^: Mddun dan hdi, kg/cm^ - s: Do dan dai tuong ddi, % Cac dang rd ri be ehda xang d Viet Nam [6] - Ri thung day be chua - Ri pha buy be - Ri phan mai be - Phan ndi dng - Han ri cac mdi ban Hinh I: Sy han gii moi han Nhimg van de dat diing keo dan de khdi phuc be chira bj rd ri - Dam bao an toan chay nd - Han che rut xang dau khdi be chua; can thi lugng rut it nhat - Ke tu phat hien su cd, thdi gian chuan bi de khae phuc ngan nhit Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau Viet Nam: Cff hdi mdi, thach thde mdi" 325 - Thi cdng lien tyc theo yeu eau ky thuat cua cdng nghe - Han che den mdc thip nhit thdi gian dung boat ddng cua be chua, cua kho - Giam tdi da sy anh budng den hoat ddng binh thudng cua kho 10 Djnh hudng nghien cuu thuc nghiem Lya chgn he keo thich hgp vdi dieu kien Viet Nam: hau - thd nhudng thiet bi, ngudi Dac biet coi trgng yeu td ngudi va ne nep quan ly Chung tdi lya chgn de nghien cuu khao sat be keo EPOXY-PEPA ddng ran d nhiet thudng Vdi yeu cau dat la: - Dan tai chd de khae phye tat ca cac dang ri thung ma nhdm nghien cuu qua khao sat thyc te da thdng ke - Thda man tat ca cac dieu kien da neu Tu sy lya chgn nghien cuu de su dyng "he keo EPOXY ddng ran ngugi" chung tdi thyc nghiem xay dyng cdng thuc va tien hanh dieu che keo 11 Thuc nghiem xay dung cdng thuc va dieu che keo San pham keo phai thda man nhijng yeu cau sau day: - Keo ben, thich hgp vdi dieu kien hau Viet Nam - Hda pham va vat lieu khdng hiem - Tudi thg mdi dan can ben vdi ky ban sua chua ldn (khoang nam) 12 Dieu che keo dan Lugng chat ddng ran (%) dugc tinh theo cdng thuc: X=^i^^M.K [5-35] 43 dd: e: Ham lugng nhdm epoxy nhya, % M: Trgng lugng phan tu cua poliamin n: Sd nguyen tu hydro nhdm amin bae va bae 43: Trgng lugng phan tu cua nhdm epoxy K = 1,2 - 1,4: He so, dugc xac dinh bing thye nghiem, va phy thuge vao ban chat cua poliamin Khi dung polietylen poliamin (PEPA), se tinh toan theo dietylen triamin (DETA), cd chua nguyen td hydro nhdm amin Trong trudng hgp M/n = 103/5 == 20,6 326 Ket qua dng dung keo dan khae phuc su eo rd chay bg ehda xang dau a Su thay ddi dp ben ca hpc cua hgp phdn E-44 vai PEPA Bang 3: Su thay doi ben co" hoc cua hop phan E-44 vdi PEPA TT Tyle, % 6 10 12 14 16 Thdnh phdn hdn hgp PEPA+E-44 PEPA+E-44 PEPA4-E-44 PEPA+E-44 PEPA+E-44 PEPA+E-44 Dp ben keo dirt, kg/cm" Do ben keo truat, kg/cm' Dp ben va dap, kg cm/cm' 340 680 803 868 773 568 420 500 423 439 414 365 9,04 14,90 15,70 16,90 13,20 11,30 D6 bfin va dap - 18 ^^""^'i^z i ^ 12 -9 'HI c 300 - Ddbe -R -3 f3 10 12 14 Ti le PEPA, % trirgt, kg/cm^ Do ben keo dut w o Do ben / / / / ap, Kg.cm/cm 600 -r Do ben - 15 o o ddt, kg/cm 900 - r 20 D6 bin va dap E u -15| a ^~> j 400 ' / D6 b6n keo trupt / -10 i •o > ?nn - - ' s a ãâã 300 J ^ '•4* a