976 Khao sat t^c dpng cai thien tinh luu bien Phu Rdng va dau Bach Hd ciia thictj)[ j^ KHAO SAT TAG D Q N G CAI THIEN TINH LlTU BIEN DAU RONG VA DAU BACH H O CUA THIET BI NAM CHAM DAO CU C Nd Fe B Ngu[.]
976 Khao sat t^c dpng cai thien tinh luu bien Phu Rdng va dau Bach Hd ciia thictj)[.j^ KHAO SAT TAG D Q N G CAI THIEN TINH LlTU BIEN DAU R O N G VA DAU B A C H H O CUA THIET BI N A M C H A M D A O CU C Nd-Fe-B Nguyen Phuang Tung Phdn viin Khoa hgc Vdt lieu tai Tp Hd Chi Minh Nguyen Anh Diing Trung tdm Nghiin ciru vd Phdt triin Chi biin Ddu TOM TAT Cdc thir nghiim nghiin cim khd ndng cdi thiin tinh luu biin cdc mdu ddu Rdng RP3 vd ddu Bgch Hd CTP2 cua thiit bi tgo tir trudmg b&i nam chdm ddt hiim Nd-Fe-B cd cdu hinh ddo cue da dugc thuc hiin vung nhiet 35°C din 45°C, ddng ddu la chdt ldng phi Newton Cdc kit qud thu dugc cho thdy, ddi v&i ddu Rdng RP3, hiiu qud cdi thiin tinh luu biin rdt rd ret, cdc nhiet khdo sdt, v&i cu&ng tir trudng la 0,8T, th&i gian chiiu tu la gidy, nh&t ddng hgc, nhcrt dio vd img sudt trugt gidm tuong ung la >40%, 25 - 50% vd 35 - 45% Ddi v&i ddu Bgch Hd CTP2 tinh luu biin dugc cdi thiin rd nhdt Id & nhiet xu ly 40°C vd 45°C v&i su gidm nh&t ddng hgc, nh&t deo vd img sudt trugt Id 40 - 60%>, 45 - 55% vd - 30% Qua nhung so sdnh bu&c ddu cho thdy thiit bi nam chdm ddo cue tdc ddng cdi thiin tinh luu biin cua ddu thd & viing chdt long phi Newton tdt han so v&i cdu hinh nam chdm thdng thucmg Ddy la mdt hudmg an todn, thdn thiin v&i mdi trudmg biin, khd thi vi mat cdng nghi vd kinh ti di gdp phdn xir ly ddu thd qud trinh khai thac ngodi gidn, nhdt la ddi v&i ddu Ignh GIOI THIEU Dau th6 Viet Nam la loai dau chiia nhieu paraffin, co nhiet dong dac cao nen thuong xuyen xay hien tugng ket tinh va lang dong cac gieng, cac duong 6ng khai thac, he thong 6ng dan va cac bg phan bam hiit Dieu lam giam kha nang khai thac, gia tang chi phi ngan ngua, khae phuc sir c6, nhat la d6i voi cac mo dau phat trien kh6ng d6ng bo va he th6ng duong 6ng van chuyen dau nam tren day bien kh6ng dugc bao 6n De dam bao an toan cho cac duong 6ng va tang nang suat khai thac dau, viec nghien ciiu cac yeu t6 anh huong den qua trinh ket tinh va lang dgng paraffin cung nhu cac phuong phap de xii ly van de dugc cac nha ky thuat dau quan tam dac biet Tai nuoc ta, cho den nay, phuong phap sii dung phu gia boa hoc la th6ng dung va hieu qua hon ca Tuy nhien, qua thai gian khai thac, dau cang truong va cung voi hien tugng ngap nuoc, dau cQng se nguoi din Phuong phap sii dung phu gia doi hoi gia nhiet de phu gia CO the hoa tan diu dam bao hieu qua tac dong Ben canh do, cac yeu cau cang nghiem ngat dl bao ve m6i truong biin khai thac, van chuyen dau ciing la mot nhan t l quan thiic diy viec sir dung cac phuong phap kiem soit lang dong paraffin hieu qua va than thien voi m6i truong hon Cac thiet bj tu truong tren co so nam Juyen tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau Viet Nam: Co' hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 977 cham Nd-Fe-B co thi thay thi mot phin phu gia boa hgc dl giam ling dong, cai thien tinh luru biin cua diu th6 la mot huong huu hieu da dugc nhom tac gia nghien ciiu nhiing nam gin day [1-6] dl tim kilm co hoi dua ung dung a cac gian khai thac dau ngoai khoi Trong bao cao chiing t6i trinh bay tac dong cai thien tinh luu bien, giam lang dong dii voi cac miu diu Bach H6 va R6ng cua thiet bi tu truong voi nam cham Nd-Fe-B dao cue CO s o CUA PHirONG PHAP, LY THUYET VA MO TA THIET BI Co so cua phuong phap xu ly tu truong la dung mot thiet bi tao tu truong, thuong la tren co so nam cham vTnh cuu pha dat hiem, co cau hinh phu hgp de lap n6i tiep a mot khoang thich hgp giiia 6ng khai thac hoae tren dau gieng, de cho dong dau di qua viing tu truang co nhiet can thiet, dam bao hieu qua xii ly t6i uu Ly thuyet giai thich anh huong cua tu truong viec cai thien tinh luu bien ciia dau th6 cho den van moi ehi la nhiing de xuat Nguoi ta nhan thay rang tu truong kh6ng chi co tac dung giam nhot ciia dau ma co tac dung ban che hien tugng lang dong cac hgp phan v6 co, hiru co he keo phan tan la dau tho Lang dong vo co" Tac dung ciia tu truang len cac hgp phan v6 co rat ro rang va nguyen nhan cua tac dung chinh la lire Lorenz Luc Lorenz la lire tuong tac ciia tir truang voi cac hgp phan v6 co mang dien dang chuyen dong theo chieu thang goc voi huong ciia tir truang Duoi tac dung ciia lire Lorenz, cac lop dien kep ciia cac tieu phan bi bien d6i ve dien tich tai cac be mat phan each dang trugt len (mat phang trugt Hemholtz) Do do, tu truang anh huong den tuong tac giiia hat va hat, ciing nhu giiia hat va chat long solvat boa, thay d6i each tao tinh the hoae s6 hydrat boa tren cac phan tii chat lang dgng Tuy nhien, theo cac tinh toan dua tren ly thuyet lap dien tich kep, cac tac gia [7] da dua m6 hinh ly thuyet cua sir trung hoa be mat sir dich chuyen cac ion tu dung dich ve phia be mat cac hat nhu la nguyen nhan tac dong ciia tu truong tren cac vi hat phi tu Hien tugng gay nen sir xao tron qua trinh ket tinh va phat trien cac dam tinh the mu6i dung dich, dan den sir lic che lang dong cac mu6i v6 co Lang dong hiru co" Hien chua co sir th6ng nhat viec giai thich tac dong lie che lang dong paraffin cua tu truong C6 the chap nhan hai each ly giai nhu sau: Cac phan tu paraffin du co tir tham rat thap, khong phan cue nhung dau, hinh mang tinh the, chiing co sir ket tu voi nhirng tieu phan khae mang dien nhu cac phan tir asphanten, cac mu6i v6 co va nuoc bien di ciing Duoi tac dong cua tir truong nhung tieu phan nhilm tir, dugc sap xep lai, bao boc xung quanh cac tinh thi paraffin, lam cho cac phin ling dong tron ban, giam sire cang bl mat, dl dang trugt len nhau, lam giam nhdt ciia diu; ding thai nho lire day giira cac phan tu phan cue gilng nhau, lam giam xac suit gap giira cac tieu phan, lam giam sir kit tu, giam ling dong 978 Khao sat tac dgng cai thien tinh luu biin Bau Rdng va d5u Bach Hd ciia thigt bj - Kh6ng thi ap dung lire Lorenz dii voi ling dong paraffin dl giai thich tuong tac giira tir truong va cac phan tir phi tir Rocha va n.n.k [8] dl xuit la dau th6 chay ngang qua vimg co tir truong thich hgp, cac phan tir paraffin co khuynh huong sip xip lai cac cue cua chung theo huong cua tir truong dieu kien chuyin dong nhiet kh6ng qua manh Tac dong cua tir truong len cac phan tir se thay dii kilu quay va tinh tien ciia cac electron, din din sir thay d6i momen goc va van dao cua chung, gay nen sir xao tron qua trinh ket tinh paraffin Thuc ra, duoi anh buong cua tir truang, cac phan tir paraffin co mot luong cue ylu Chinh luong cue da tao nen mot lire day giiia cac phan tit paraffin, lam thay dii hinh thai ciia cac phan tir paraffin, thay d6i tinh luu bien cua dau th6 Tuy nhien, tuong tac giira diu th6 va tir truang kh6ng chi phu thuoc vao chinh cac tinh thi paraffin ma phu thuoc vao nhieu phan tir phan cue khae hien dien diu th6 Tac dong cai thien tinh lim bien cua dau th6 bai tac dong cua tir truang vao cac phan tir da dugc trinh bay truac Ciing chinh nha tir truong, cac mam tinh the paraffin ket tinh dau se bi phan tan dong chay thay vi tren 6ng Mo ta thilt bi Da CO nhieu c6ng trinh c6ng b6 ve nhirng thir nghiem cai thien tinh luu bien cua dau th6 bang tir truang tren co so nam cham vTnh ciru pha dat hiem [1-6, 8] va nam cham dien [9] Diem khae chinh cua hai loai thiet bi la tir truang tao bai nam cham dat hiem th6ng thuang khong co sir thay d6i huong dien tir truang CO the tao tir truang voi sy thay d6i tan s6 rat lan va huong ciia tir tuang ciing lien tuc xoay theo Dieu dan den nhirng ket qua thir nghiem tren dau th6 rat kbac D6i voi loai thiet bi dau, nhot va lang dong ciia dau sau xir ly giam dang ke nhung cho den van chua ghi nhan dugc su giam nhiet d6ng dac cua diu Dii voi thiet bi dien tir truang, tac gia Phiing Dinh Thuc [10] da ghi nhan dugc sir giam nhiet d6ng dac, giam lang dong rat ro ret sau cho dau chay qua thiet bi tir truang xoay chieu ket hgp voi gia nhiet Tuy nhien, kh6ng thiy ghi nhan sir thay dii nhot cac thi nghiem Tren co so cho rang thiet bi tao tir truang xoay chilu bing nam cham dien rat kho dugc iing dung tai gian khai thac diu ngoai khoi dac dilm clu true va van hanh cua chiing, chiing t6i dua thir nghiem cai thien tinh luu biin cua diu th6 bing thiet bi tir truang tren co so nam cham Nd-Fe-B clu hinh dao cue dl khao sat tac dong ciia tir truang len cac dac trung quan cua diu th6 trang thai chit long phi Newton nhu nhot deo, irng suit trugt, nhiet dong dac, kha nang ling dong, V.V Thiet bi tao tir truong dao cue, dugc cbl tao tai Vien Khoa hoc Vat lieu - Vien Khoa hoc va C6ng nghe Viet Nam, co nguyen ly clu hinh nhu sau: Juygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam Phu Viet Nam: Co' hdi mdi, thach thiic mdi" jr=c> dp v///// F^ , >//y.'////// /J I^ /V 979 LJ^f^ Ook-A H-V-i ! / / > / - / / / siz j k J ,^.:::,m darnji C - ã aajitnv Nhi$t(Jô{oC) Hinh 4: Do thi dp nh6t/nhi?t dp cua miu dau RP3 xiir ly 6* nhift dp 40"C 6D aynlaiii t.\l*eO(Xi*2t Hinh 5: Duong luu bien cua mau dau RP3 xu lyffnhiet 40°C Ou o'n0 oong tu u tfl^li l i i O » e j i ;90.?t5iJyr*'crn2 Plaeir y ! i c o i » / s s S c P I ItM > f r ; : D T « d / r \ a n : •0 "iO so lOO Sn Viz no- .)«» > I, Hinh 6: Do thi dp nh6t/nhi?t dp cua mau diu RP3 xu ly nhi?t dp 45"C Hinh 7: Duong luu bien ciia mau dau RP3 xu ly o nhiet 45*'C J ^ ^ J | p J ) a o cao Hgi nghj KHCN "30 nam D^u Viet Nam: Co hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 981 Qua cac kit qua dugc trinh bay tren cac thi ta thay hieu qua cai thien luu biin ciia cac mau RP3 dugc xir ly bang tir trudng dao cue co cudng 0,8T rat ro ret Tuy nhiet xir ly khae nhung ca d che nhiet, nhdt dong hoc ciia cac miu diu sau xir ly diu giam hon 40% d nhiet do 31°C, nhdt deo giam tir 25 - 50% va img suat trugt ciing giam tir 35 - 45%) Do ban che ciia thiet bi nen chua dugc nhdt d nhiet dudi 3l'^C Sap tdi, vdi thiet bi luu bien tit ban, vin dl se dugc khic phuc b Khdo sdt tdc dgng cdi thiin tinh Iwu bien ddu RP3 theo th&i gian chiiu tir Cac kit qua khao sat anh hudng cua thdi gian chilu tir (2, 4, giay) din sir cai thien nhdt cua cac miu dau RP3 dugc trinh bay tai cac d l thi (Hinh - 10) 55 r' Anh hifffng thiiiigian c h i S u t i J I e n nh(MciJj d j u RP3 55 Nhi6t dd xi> ly 36°C 50 Anh hifcrng thij'i gian chilu tip len dp nhM cua diu RP3 I Nhi^t dft xip ly 40°C 50 Cu'ii'nsd6 8000G 45 yCuông d6 8000G 45 ã - - Miu trSng - M U trang 40 _ Q - Thoi gian chieu lir 2s oT •—Ttiaigenchieu til'2s J lir 4s - Thc/i gian chi^u lir 4s •a = - Thin gian ch^u li> 6s 30 r6s • igianciii^utu'25 - Thb-i gian chi^u tt> 4s Thd^igian ctiifiu tu-4s ctii^u tif 6s Thoi gian chteu lu 6s 30 20 15 10 31 33 33 34 34 Mli^t ao (»C) Mli^t di> ( " O Hinh 17: Su cai thien nhot ciia mau diu CTP2 theo thffi gian chieu tir, xu ly ff nhiet 35°C Hinh 18: Su cai thien nhot ciia mau dau CTP2 theo thoi gian chieu tir, xir iy ff nhiet 40"C 60 55 50 45 Anh hu'O'ng t h o i gian c h i i u tir ldn d ^ n h o t cua d i i u RP3 ( « i i ^ t d xi> ly 45»C Cu-d-ng afy 8000G - M3U tring 40 - Tbdi gian c h i i u tir 2s fi: a 35 - TTtiri gian c h i i u t u 4s I" - Th&i gian c h i i u tir 6s 25 20 15 10 Nhi«t ao (°C) Hinh 19: Su cai thien nhot ciia mau dau CTP2 theo thffi gian chieu tu, xu iy ff nhiet 45''C c So sdnh hiiu qud cdi thiin dp nhdi cdc mdu ddu CTP2 b&i tir trw&ng cua cdc nam cham CO cdu hinh khdc Trong phan hai thiet hi tir trudng co cac cau hinh nam cham kbac dugc sir dung, la nam cham dao cue va nam cham cue th6ng thudng Cac nam cham d^u la nam cham Nd-Fe-B, cudng tir trudng dugc sir dung d^u la 0,8T Cac kkt qua so sanh hieu qua cai thien nhdt cac miu dku CTP2 d cac nhiet xir ly kbac dugc trinh bay cac Hinh - Nhin chung, co t\\k thay rSng tir trudng ciia nam cham dao cue cai thien nhdt cua cac mau dau co phan t6t hon so vdi tir trudng kh6ng doi hudng ciia cau hinh nam cham th6ng dung Tuy nhien, dk dinh lugng dugc hieu qua cai thien, cin thirc hien them nhieu thir nghiem nira va cac phuang tien dac, danh gia cin phii hgp ban 985 TjjygnJip bao cao Hdi nghi KHCN "30 nam Phu Viet Nam: Co' hdi mdi, thach thiic mdi' 70 60 Nhiet d o XLC ly 40°C N h i i t ly 35°C 60 50 — • — Miu Tring _40 — • — Tir trudrng Xo^n (J * 30 c 40%, 25 - 50% va 35 - 45% • Vdi thdi gian chieu tir la giay, dau CTP2 sau xir ly, co su giam nhdt dong hoc, nhdt deo va img suAt trugt la 40 - 60%, 45 - 55% va - 30% d nhiet xir ly la40va45"C Day la mot thiet bi an toan va gop phan bao ve m6i trudng bien, kha thi ve mat c6ng nghe va kinh te de img dung xir ly dau ngoai gian khai thac, nhat la d6i vdi dong dau lanh 986 Khao sat tac dpng cai thien tinh luu bign Pau Rdng va dau Bach Hd cuajhjgjj^ii:: TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Phuong Tung et al., 2001 Studying the mechanism of magnetic field infiuence on paraffin crude oil viscosity and wax deposition reductions SPE 68749, The SPE APOGCE Jakarta, Indonesia, 17-19 April, 2001 Nguyen Phuong Tung et al., 2002 Perspective for using Nd-Fe-B magnets as a tool for the improvement of the production and transportation of Vietnamese crude oil with high paraffin content Phys B 25245, 2002 Nguyen Thi Phuong Phong, 2003 Studying the effects of additives and magnetic fields to improve the theological properties of Vietnam crude oils PhD Thesis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2003 Nguyen Phuong Tung, Nguyen Quang Vinh, 2004 Rheological improvement for paraffin crude od flows treated by Nd-Fe-B magnetic fields in non-Newtonian fiuid area The 9"^ Asia Pacific Physics Conference, 2004 Nguyen Phuong Tiing va n.n.k., 2004 Hiiu img cdng hgp cdi thiin tinh luu biin ciia ddu thd kit hgp xir ly phu gia vd tu trucmg Tap chi Dau khi, s6 4, 2004 Nguyen Phuong Tung et al., 2005 Modeling theological improved effect of magnetic fields on paraffin crude oil fiow in non-Newtonian fiuid area Proceedings of the 8'^ German-Vietnamese Seminar on Physics and Engineering, Erlanjen, 3-8 April 2005 L.C Lipus et al., 2001 Dispersion destabilization in magnetic water treatment Journal of Colloid and Inrface Science 236, p 60-66, 2001 L.C.C Marques et al., 1997 Study of paraffin crystaUization process under the influence of magnetic fields and chemicals SPE 38990, The SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 30 August - September 1997 l.T Mishenko et al., 1970 Magnede treatment of water-dispersive systems Technic, Kiev, 1970 10.Phiing Dinh Thuc, 1995 Nghiin ciru hodn thiin cdng nghi xu ly vd van chuyin ddu nhiiu paraffin, nh&t cao khai thac dau tgi thim luc dia Nam Viet Nam Luan an Pho T\kn sy Khoa hgc ky thuat, Ha Noi, Viet Nam, 1995 ... ngoai khoi Trong bao cao chiing t6i trinh bay tac dong cai thien tinh luu bien, giam lang dong dii voi cac miu diu Bach H6 va R6ng cua thiet bi tu truong voi nam cham Nd- Fe- B dao cue CO s o CUA... miu diu xir ly tren thilt bi nam cham Nd- Fe- B co ciing cudng tir trudng nhung hudng tir trudng bit biin 980 Khao sat tac ddng cai thien tinh luu bign Phu Rong va dhu Bach Hd cua t h i e t ^ L... huong cua tir truong boi thiet bi nam cham dao cue da neu tren len dong dau nhu da dugc trinh bay [2] - May luu biin Brookfield DVIlf (My) Binh on nhiet chuang trinh hoa Brookfield TC-100 (My)