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Pham Thj Thanh Mai Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03) 145 152 DINH Hl/OTVG VA GIAI PHAP DAY MANH PHAT TRIEN NANG Ll /ONG TAI TAO CHO PHAT DIEN 6 VIET NAM Pham Thj Thanh Mai* Trudng DH Kinh ti t« QTKD[.]
Pham Thj Thanh Mai 79(03): 145- 152 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE DINH Hl/OTVG VA GIAI PHAP DAY MANH PHAT TRIEN NANG L l / O N G TAI TAO C H O PHAT DIEN VIET NAM Pham Thj Thanh Mai* Trudng DH Kinh ti t«- QTKD - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM TAT Nang lugng la dgng luc phat trien kinh te - xa hdi Cung vdi tang trudng kinh te nhu cau su dung nang lugng cho san xuat va ddi sdng mdt tang cao ngudn nang lugng boa thach mot khan hiem, viec tieu thu nang lugng dang gay d nhiem mdi trudng nghiem trgng Viet Nam cd tiem nang to Idn ve NLTT, phat trien NLTT la gdp phan giam tieu thu than dau ddng thdi giam phat thai nha kinh Tuy nhien day la ndi dung cdn mdi nen trien khai Viet Nam cdn gap nhieu khd khan, rao can Bai bao se trinh bay ve tinh hinh san xuat, su dung va dir bao nhu cau tieu thu dien o Viet Nam den nam 2030; Thuc trang khai thac va tiem nang ngudn NLTT cho phat dien d Viet Nam; Nhung khd khan thach thuc trien khai nghien cuu iing dung NLTT; Dinh hudng va mdt sd giai phap day manh phat trien NLTT cho phat dien d Viet Nam Til' khda: Ndng lugng, tdl Igo phdt dien phdt trien, ben virng DAT VAN DE Nang lugng (NL) la d6ng luc pbal trien kinh le - xa hoi Cdng voi tang truang kinh te nhu cau su dung nang lugng cho san xuat va dai sdng mot tang cao ngu6n nang lugng hoa thach mot khan hiem gia ca dat d6 Mat khac sdc ep ve m6i truang cang tang Van de dam bao nhu eau nang lugng an ninh va ben vdng la nhdng thach thirc c6 tinh thai dai Viet Nam cdng khdng nam ngoai quy luat chung De giam bdt kho khan ve ngudn nang lugng va giam thieu anh huong xau tai m6i truang; viec phat trien va sir dung cac ngu6n nang lirgng tai tao (NLTT) da tra chien luge cua hau het cac qu6c gia tren the gioi Viet Nam la nuac dugc danh gia c6 ngu6n tai nguyen nang lugng lai lao phong phd va da dang nhu: Thuy dien nh6, sinh kh6i nang lugng gi6, mat trai, dja nhiet c6 the dugc khai thac sd dung cho cac nhu cau nang lugng dac biet la cung cap dien cho cac khu virc a xa luai dien Tu> nhien cho lai Viet Nam gap rkt nhilu kho khan, thach thirc viec chuyen doi ngu6n nang lugng ddi dao lhanh dien nang sd dung Hien chdng la chi mai khai thac va sd dung dugc mgl phan rat nh6 cda tiem nang theo s6 Tel: 0912li04979: Email: phamlhaiihiiiai 1979 a yahoo, com lieu th6ng ke chua day dd lugng nang lugng sd dung dugc cbi khoang 1,5 - 1.8% tiem nang cda NLTT [4], mat khac gia cao, linh on djnb thap Vi the, h6 trg phat trien NLTT dang la van de dugc quan lam chien luge phat trien nang lugng a Viet Nam Tren co- so- nhdng tai lieu, thong tin da c6ng bo vc linh hinh su dung dien nang du bao nhu cau nang lugng dien tiem nang va hien trang khai thac sir dung ngu6n NLTT bai bao dua mgl s6 djnh buong va giai phap nham day manh phat trien NL.TT cho phat dien Viet Nam HIEN NANG TRANG LUONG KHAI TAI THAC TAO CHO NGUON PHAT DIEN VIETNAM Cac he th6ng dien bien lai Viet Nam bao g6m nha may nhiet dien tren (39%) cac nha may thuy dien (37%), va than d6t nhiet Viec truyen tai va phan ph6i dien nang tai Viet Nam van c6n l6n bao Ion ca no da dugc giam manh id 22% nam 1995 xu6ng 12% nam 2005 Dien luc Viet Nam da pbal trien in6t ke hoach de giam ti-n that truyen tai va phan phoi den duai 8% vao nam 2025 [2] [3] Sir phat trien cua nganh nang lugng dien lai Viet Nam dugc quan ly bang each sd dung Quy hoach phat trien uoc linh nhu cau va ke hoach phat trien chung cda nganh dien thai gian 10 nam tinh den 10 nam liep lbeo 145 79(03): 145-152 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Pham Thi Thanh Mai Hien trang va du bao nhu cau nang luong dien 6' Viet Nam NA LE e.4.C H\; 13'i T r-Mi ^j G i : - : THin Ri r • P z • y" ^s^ Nha may than du kien Nha may thdy dien hien co ? sESANi;;"-iCi SONG CON : : = , - „ - ' s , , - - T ' ^ SREP0K3:i:, \^ -f^" B.KUOP ::Sl / ' TH.ACMO ai., AKHEKNAK : I")' ' c-'j, a ", ^ p_ p|^,,^ D.NAI1S2;»^;'^, aioNi!CS-i:(-v> a- INH SCN SONG HINI; S BAHAiCSj E.TAUSRA("Si } -n ^'"i' !_. .£'• , D.NAUIi:, \ ^,,^ HAM THLI.AN DA Ml Q^JI^H:-, f,a_ TRIAN THU DUC NGCCt-JTRAGHiCS-lS) NGCCCAM.AUi::7-DS) i >'• -\fiC 2./ \ Nha may thdy dien du kien yA LY ••• '^'2'- NGCCPHUMY: -•~ - "' -': TBKBARiA Nha may dau hien c6 ni(,,H|M " Nha may dau du kien Hinh Ban dd phan bo cac ngudn dien d Viet Nam giai doan 2005 - 2010 [5] 2jy: 2X5 Nhu cau tieu thu dien (TWh) tai kich ban cao •*•• Nhu cau tieu thu dien (TWh) tai kich ban thSp - • - Nhu cau tieu thu dien (TWh) tai kich ban trung binh ^*"'~ Nhu cau tai cao diem (GW) tai kich ban trung binh * Nhu cau tai cao diem (GW) tai kich ban cao - * - Nhu cau tai cao diem (GW) tai kich ban thip Hinh Hien trang va du bao nhu cSu nang lugng dien tai VietNam 1995-2030 [1] 146 Pham Thi Thanh Mai Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Nam 1990, Chinh phd Viet Nam phat dgng mgl cugc cai each loan dien, cai each da gidp cai thien dieu kien s6ng cda nhan dan va da thdc day su phat trien cda nen kinh te quoc gia Gia trj san xuat nuoc (GDP) tai Viet Nam da tang truang nhanh chdng 8,2% nam thai gian 1991-1995 Sir lang truang kinh te manh ly chinh la nhu cau dien da tang 13,5% so vai cdng ky Nhu cau d6 da tang t r u a n g nhanh hon, tang 79(03): 145- 152 14%, giai doan 1995-2005, cdng vai phat trien kinh te T6ng so' d6 quy hoach phat trien dien VI da xay dung dua tren kjch ban su phat trien cda phan kinh te khu vuc va phan tich, so sanh bang each sd dung ba phuong phap du bao cda nhieu dan h6i, hoi quy va c u a n g Theo ke hoach nay, nhu cau dien du kien se tang 15%/nam b6i canh nhu cau thap va 18%/nam kjch ban cao nhu cau giai doan 2010-2030 [ ] Tiem nang nguon nang l u g n g tai tao d" Viet Nam Tiem nang (DV tu nhien) Tiem nan^ (Quy KTOE) Kha nang khai thac SX dien (MW) Khu vu'c/ddi tugng sii' dung > 1376 A- Ky thuat: >4000 + Kinh tl: 2200 + Mudn khai thac hon can hd tro gia Khu vuc mien nui: Ddng Bac; Tay Bac, Bac Trung bd; Nam Trung Bd; Tay Nguyen Cho ndi ludi va ludi dien mini Gid A- WB: >8700 -100000 MW + EVN: 1785 MW Chua xac dinh + Kinh te: khdng kinh te d gia ban hien Can hd tro + Mien trung, tay nguyen, cac dao + Cac khu vuc ven bien va noi cd gid dia hinh khac ^^^-w•• Mat troi 4-5 , , , , , , i, , kWh/m''/ngay AAAriAAA > 40000000 >15MWchokhu , vuc ngoai luoi + Nhiet mat trdi: Tat ca cac khu vuc dan cu + Dien mat trdi: Khu vuc dan cu n"oai ludi Sinh khdi +Gd cui 27,60 trieu tan 660 Loai nguon I Thiiy dien nhd + Phu pham ndng nghiep NL sinh hgc +Khi sinh khdi > 4000 MW 72,37 trieu tan 21 71 >570 trieu m'' 285 Chua xac dinh -^Nhien lieu sinh hoc Dia nhiet 300-400 MW 250 Thuy trieu > 100 MW Chua xac dinh Rac thai sinh hoat 10.54 trieu tan I 581 Cho ho gia dinh, Tieu thii cdng nghiep cac tmh + Trau: 197-225 + Ba mia: 221-276 Trau: Khu vuc Ddng bang sdng Me Kdng Ba mia: Khu vuc che bien dudng + Hd gia dinh ndng thdn + Trang trai, Khu che bien Chua xac dinh + Giao thdng van tai + San xuat dien + Hien tai gia khdng kinh te Can hd tro Khu vuc mien Trung, Tay Bac Chua xac dinh Cac tinh duyen hai 222 Cac khu dd thi Ngudn- Bdo cdo Chiin luge Quy hogch NLTT BCT, 2008 147 Pham Thi Thanh Mai Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Thuc trang khai thac nguon nang lugng tai tao 6' Viet Nam a Khai thdc cdc ngudn NL TT di san xudt diin Hien tai, co loai NLTT da dugc khai thac de san xuat dien, theo th6ng ke chua day dd t6ng c6ng suat lap dat khoang 1260MW Cac ngu6n NLTT dang dugc khai thac la thuy dien nh6(1100MW), sinh kh6i (150MW) rac thai sinh boat (2,4MW), mat trai (1.25MW) va gi6 (1,2MW nhung chua boat d6ng dugc) Cbi phi dau lu cho san xuat dien td NLTT hien c6n cao nhat la doi voi dien gio va dien mat trai -Thdy dien nho (1500-2500) USD/kW theo vdng - Pin mat Irai (10.000- 11.000) USD/kWP - Dien gi6 (2500-3500) USD/kW T6ng san lugng dien san xuat tu cac ngu6n NLTT tren mai chi chiem mot ty trgng nho khoang 1.8% t6ng nhu cau dien (nam 2005) Trong mai chi c6 loai NLTT san xuat dien ban len luai dien la thuy dien nho (tren lOOMW), sinh kh6i (ba mia 30MW) va rac thai sinh boat (2,4MW) Gia mua dien hien td cac du an dien tai lao khoang 4USCents/kWh la kb6ng hap dan cac nha dau tu Ngoai ra, NLTT c6 the khai thac va sd dung hieu qua cho cac khu vuc dan cu xa luai dien qu6c gia Hien tai van c6n gan 500 xa phan ion nam cac vdng nong thon mien ndi va hai dao chua c6 dien d6 c6 tai 200 xa luai dien qii6c gia kh6ng the keo tai dugc hieu qua kinh te qua thap Chuong trinh dien hoa n6ng lb6n da dat muc tieu dat 90% s6 hg c6 dien vao 2010 va 100% so hg c6 dien vao 2020 d6 khuyen khich su dung cac ngu6n NLTT de cung cap dien cho cac vung luai dien qu6c gia kh6ng the keo din Co hai hinh thdc cung cap dien id NLTT cho cac khu vuc ngoai luai dang dugc khai thac: luai dien dgc lap quy m6 nho; cung cap dien eho hg gia dinh rieng re Theo ket qua dieu tra hien c6 khoang 50 nghin hg dan dang sd dung dien td cac nguon thdy dien nh6 cue nho pin mat trai •gio biogas 148 79(03): 145- 152 b Khai thdc NLTT di cdp nhiet vd nhien lieu -H Cui go va cac phe thai nong - lam nghiep: Day la m6t ngu6n NL kha quan trgng khu vuc n6ng th6n Hien eo gan 70% dan so ndng th6n dang su dung eac dang nhien lieu de dap dng nhu cau nhiet Ngoai chdng cung dugc su dung iam nhien lieu mot so nganh san xuat lieu thd c6ng nghiep dja phuong nhu san xuat vat lieu xay dung, che bien liiong thuc-lhue pham T6ng lieu thu cui go va cac phe thai n6ng - lam nghiep cho cac mue dich sd dung nhiet khoang 13,5 trieu TOE (tan dau luong duong) chiem khoang 38% t6ng lieu thu NL cuoi cdng cua Qu6c gia (nam 2005) -I- Khai thac va sir dung Khi sinh hoc (KSH): C6ng nghe KSH hien dang dugc phat trien va irng dung manh me khu vuc ndng th6n (hg gia dinh va quy mo trang trai) KSH dang dugc su dung de dun nau thap sang va gan day chay may pbal dien Hien ca nuoc da xay dung dugc hon 80.000 c6ng trinh KSH cac loai NL tao hang nam td ngu6n uac dat khoang 50 nghin TOE/nam A- Sir dung NL mat troi dun nude nong: Cac thiet bj dun nuac n6ng mat trai dugc che tao nuoe hoac nhap khau dang dugc su dung cang ph6 bien chd yeu a khu vuc thj Nam 2005, ca nuac mai lap dat 4000m- (2700 thill bj), ty le giua s6 thilt bj vai s6 hg thj chi dat 0,35% Nhung nam 2007 ca nuac da lap dat dugc khoang tren 48000m' (20000 thilt bj) dat tv le la 0,65%.Hien ca nuac co khoang 60 nha cung cap thiet bj dun nuoe n6ng mat trai Dun nuac n6ng bang NL mat troi voi muc dich la tiet kiem dien Nhu cau lap dat thiet bj se tang manh thai gian toi + Su- dung nhien lieu sinh hoc (NhLSH): Ngay 20/11/2007 Thu tuong Chinh phu ky Quylt djnh 177/2007/QD-TTg vl viec phe duyet "De an phat trien nhien lieu sinh hgc (NLSH)" Hien nay, nuoc dang hinh du an san xuat c6n nhien lieu (ethanol) trung binh m6i du an eo c6ng suat khoang 100 trieu lit/nam (Mgl du an du kien se di vao san xuat nam 2009-2010 mot du an mai khai c6ng 6-2009) se cung c4p mot Pham Thj Thanh Mai Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE lugng ethanol kha lan c6 kha nang dam bao xang E5 (xang pha 5% ethanol) cho nhu cau nuoc Tuy nhien, de su dung chdng mot each an loan va ben vung can co cac lieu chuan ve chat lugng Mat khac san xuat ethanol dai tra can dugc quy hoach dat dai va cay tr6ng tranh tinh Irang thieu hut nguyen lieu va anh huang toi luong thuc c Nhimg khd khdn thdch thirc triin khai nghiin ciru img dung NL TT cr Viet Nam Viec nghien cdu, thd nghiem va phat trien nang lugng lai lao VN da dugc trien khai khoang 30 nam nhung ket qua rat ban che Co the lorn lat nhu sau : - Phat trien co ket qua cac dgng co- gi6 phat dien va bom nuac c6ng sual diroi kW - San xuat cac dan dun nuoc nong dung nang lugng mat troi, - Lap dat cac dan pin mat troi cong suat nh6 - San xuat va lap dat cac tram thdy dien nh6 - San xuat cac loai bep dun ( than cdi ram ) hieu suat cao - Phat trien hon 50 ngan c6ng trinh biogas quy mo gia dinh va mgl so c6ng trinh qu> mo trang trai Tuy nhien khong c6 co' quan quan ly theo ddi chuyen ve nang lugng lai lao nen kh6ng cd so lieu th6ng ke va danh gia day dd ve linh hinh pbal trien nang lugng tai lao nuac ta Trong qua trinh trien khai nghien cdu irng dung NLTT Viet Nam, the hien nhung kho khan thach thdc chd yeu nhu sau: + Thieu khung the che, chinh sach va cac qui djnh de khuyen khich phat trien sd dung; + Thieu nghien cdu dieu tra co' ban do thieu ngu6n s6 lieu tin cay cho quy hoach va phat trien cac du an; + Chi phi dau tu cao dac biet d6i vai san xuat dien td cac ngu6n NLTT cao bon nhieu so voi cac nguon dien c6 dien, nen kh6ng hap dan cac nha dau tu; + Mot so van de ky thuat va djch vu khac: • Kha nang tiep can cac ngu6n v6n vay cho phat trien NLTT ban che Thieu c6ng nghe va cac ky nang tlurc hien cac duan dien NLTT 79(03): 145- 152 Thieu djch vu cung cap c6ng nghe nuac va cae djch vu sau lap dat Thieu cac lieu chuan ky thuat cho cac thiet bj NLTT Thieu nguon s6 lieu tin cay ve tiem nang NLTT + Nhan tbirc ve t6 chdc va phat trien NLTT c6n ban che DINH HUONG v A GIAI P H A P MANH P H A T T R I E N NLTT CHO DIEN VIETNAM DAY PHAT Djnh hudng phat trien nang lugng tai tao cho phat dien 6' Viet Nam Viec djnb huong phat trien nang lugng tai tao nuac ta can dua vao cac yeu 16 sau : a Dgc thu hdu vd san xudl tr loan lanh thd vd timg vung mien Dac thii hau nuac ta la hau nhiet doi am nha vay ma co t6c d6 lang truang sinh kh6i cao dong nghTa vai tiem nang nang lugng sinh kb6i riit Ion Theo s6 lieu lh6ng ke nam 2004 long nang lugng so' cap lieu thu nuac la 28.8 trieu TOE {dku 38,3% than 26.8% thuy dien 20.2%, dot 14.7%) T6ng tieu thu nang lugng phi thuong mai (cdi g6 than g6 phu pham n6ng nghiep nhu trau ba mia ) cdng lire la nang lugng sinh khoi la 14.82 trieu TOE Nhu vay nang lugng sinh kh6i sinh kh6i chiem khoang 33% l6ng tieu thu nang lugng nuoc Tuy nhien nang lugng sinh khoi hien van tinh trang tha n6i, de mac cho dan tu lo Trau la ngu6n nang lugng sinh kh6i dang b6 phi nhieu noi dot bo di hoac d6 xu6ng s6ng, gay nhiem Trau chiem tren 20% trgng lugng cda lb6c Voi san lugng th6c hien nay, in6i nam co gan 10 trieu tan trau Cd 2,7 kg trau cho IkWh dien Chi can tan dung tren nira lugng trau hang nam dua vao phat dien, m6i nam san xuat dugc khoang ly kWh dien Khi sinh hoc cdng dugc coi la ngu6n nang lugng tai tao Cac c6ng trinh sinh hgc quy m6 gia dinh dd cung cap lugng ddng cho dun nau va thap sang Cac c6ng Irinh sinh hgc quy m6 trang trai (lgn hoac b6) voi quy m6 tu bang tram den hang nghin thi lugng kill sinh rat lon, chi c6 cac may pbal 149 Pham Thi Thanh Mai Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE dien c6ng sual hang chuc tai hang tram kW moi tieu ihij het Hien cac c6ng trinh sinh hgc quy m6 gia dinh dang phat trien manh 30 tinh/lhanh va se phd kin toan qu6c vai nam toi Tuy nhien eac cong trinh sinh hgc quy in6 trang trai c6n phat trien chain va chua dap dng dugc nhu eau eda tren 16000 trang trai chan nu6i Nhu vay nang lugng sinh kh6i va sinh hgc la ngu6n nang lugng tai tao c6 tiem nang Ion nhat a nuac ta no c6 the dam bao nang lugng dun nau cho khoang 70 trieu dan s6ng a n6ng th6n tham chi ven d6, d6ng thai cung cap dien cho nhu cau n6ng thon b Nhimg tiin bd ky thudl cua thi gidi vi timg chuyin ngdnh Tien bg ky thuat ITnh vuc nang lugng mat troi la Fin mat troi noi liroi (grid connected Photovoltaic) da ma trien vgng rat Ion ve sir dung pin mat trai Td ch6 dien td pin mat trai cung cap qua ac quy da ban che c6ng suat sd dung quy m6 kW thi pin mat troi n6i luoi kh6ng ban che c6ng sual sd dung Pin mat troi noi luoi la giai phap l6l cho viec xa h6i boa san xuat dien vi v6n dau lu kb6ng lan va phan tan, kh6ng can nhien lieu, kh6ng can nhan vien ky thuat quan ly Dieu can thiet nhat la chinh sach khuyin khich cda nha nuoc (uu dai dau tu, gia ca, mien giam thue ) va cac c6ng ty dien phai cdng hgp lac vai dan vi pin mat trai n6i luoi la ngu6n dien phd dinh cho luai dien (gia nang td gia den 17 gia) Co chinh sach tot cdng vai t6 chirc t6l, in6i nam ta co thi phat trien hang chuc M Wp pin mat trai n6i luai Tien bg ky thuat ITnh vuc gian dun nuoc nong bang nang luong mat troi la he thong xy ph6ng nhiet vai b6 thu ong chan kh6ng lam tang hieu suat nhiet Tien bg ky thuat chinh ve may phat dien gio la da giam t6c khai dgng may phat dien 500k\v td 6m/giay xu6ng 2.5 m/giay Nha vay Viet Nam co nhieu thuan lgi de phat triln phong dien Qua cac th6ng tin neu tren cho thay trgng lain phat trien nang lugng lai lao nen tap trung vao : 150 79(03): 145- 152 1/ Ndng lirang sinh khoi 2/ Sdn xudt dien tir cdc ngut'in ndng lugng tdi tgo nhu trau, sinh hoc vd pin mat trai noi ludi D6i voi cac ngu6n nang lugng tai tao khac deu dugc khuyen khich phat trien Cac giai phap day manh phat trien nang luong tai tao a Xdy dung vd triin khai chuang trinh sdn xudt diin tir ndng luang tdi tgo (ggi tdt Id chirang trinh diin tdi tgo) Chuong trinh dien tai tao g6m phan, moi phan dugc 16 chdc I du an - San xuat dien td trau ggi tat la dien trau, - San xuat dien td sinh hgc ggi tat la dien sinh hgc, - San xuat dien tu pin mat trai n6i luai ggi tat la dien pin mat troi n6i luai, Chuong trinh dugc trien khai theo buoc ; - Buoc 1: Xay dung de an kha thi va trinh duyet - Buoc 2: Trien khai eac diem Irinh dien va rdt kinh nghiem - Buac : Trien khai ma rong Hiep hoi Nang lugng la 16 chu'c Ion, co uy tin nen chd tri xay dung va trien khai Chuang trinh dien tai tao Cu the can dua eac mdc thai gian cho tdng buac, lung giai doan va de xuat cac don vj tham gia xay dung de an kha thi nhu: Trung tam Enerteam lap de an kha thi ve dien trau: Trung tam sinh hgc lap de an kha thi ve dien sinh hgc; Trung tam liet kiem nang lugng lap de an kha thi ve dien pin mat troi n6i luoi Td do, trung tam tu van nang lugng se t6ng hgp de an kha thi cda chuong trinh dien tai tao de Hiep hoi Nang lugng trinh duyet Nen uu lien m6 hinh nguon dien lap trung cd luai lai va phan ph6i dien mini 220V-50Hz Ngu6n dien thich hgp voi cac thiet bj dien ph6 th6ng; dieu hoa dugc nhu cau phu tai, giam thieu lang phi: quan ly van hanh, bao tri bao duong thuan Igi de dang Vai he th6ng eo the to ehi're t6 ky thuat chuyen trach va thuan Igi hon cho viec ban dien Kh6ng can co cae djch vu dae biet NIU C6 Pham Thj Thanh Mai Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE dieu kien co the ket hgp vai eac ngu6n nang lugng khac (he lai ghep) Can l6 chdc mang luoi djch vu cung cap cac phu kien chuyen dung he dien NLTT nhu den 12VDC, Bg Dieu khien, Bg Bien d6i dien, Can bien soan cac lai lieu huang dan van hanh, bao tri, bao duong duai dang ngan ggn, de hieu cung cap rong rai cho nguai dan khu vuc du an h Thdnh Idp ccr quan quan ly phdt triin ndng litimg tdi tgo NLTT chiem ty trgng dang ke he th6ng nang lugng cda nuac la, da dang va phan tan, nhung nha nuac chua co chinh sach khuyen khich phat trien NLTT, va chua c6 ca quan chuyen trach quan ly phat trien NLTT, nen NLTT kh6ng phat trien dugc nuac ta Vi vay mu6n phat trien NLTT thi nha nuoc can lap co- quan quan ly pbal trien NLTT (tuong duong cap Cue) Co quan cd chdc nang nhu sau: - Xay dung chinh sach khuyen khich pbal trien NLTT de trinh chinh phd phe duyet - Td chdc trien khai chinh sach khuyen khich phat trien NLTT da dugc chinh phd phe duyet c Tcing cudng ddu tu nghiin cim ca ban vi NLTT Nude la c6 tiem nang rat Ion ve NLTT nhung cho ldi van chua c6 nhdng nghien cdu day dd, cu the va chinh xac rang tiem nang d6 la bao nhieu, kha nang khai thac va sd dung den mdc nao Chinh vi vay can tang cuang dau tu cho nhdng nghien cdu co- ban ve NLTT de co s6 lieu day dd, he lh6ng va tin cay ve tiem nang khai thac, su dung NLTT cho phat dien cho tirng vdng, mien Viet Nam d) Xdy dung chinh sdch khuyin khich, hd trg hogt ddng nghiin ciru img dung NL TT Khong CO sir h6 trg thi kh6ng the trien khai rong rai c6ng nghe ngu6n dien thich hgp vdi ndng th6n vdng sau vdng xa Co the noi gan nhu lat ca cac nuac pbal trien va rat nhieii nude dang phat trien deu da c6 chinh sach h6 trg dng dung dien NLTT Da den ldc nuac la can phai co cac chinh sach, chien luge qu6c gia ve NLTT e Xdy dimg ca che qudn ly sau dir dn: Nen cd sir tham gia eda chinh quyen doan the quan chdng dja phuong vao c6ng lac quan ly T6 ky Ihual can dugc lira chgn va dao lao ky cang, kh6ng nen l6 chdc m6t each hinh 79(03): 145- 152 thirc Nen uu lien in6 hinh ngu6n dien lap trung CO luai tai va phan ph6i dien mini 220V-50Hz Ngu6n dien thich hgp vai cac thiet bj dien ph6 th6ng; dieu hoa dugc nhu cau phu tai giam thieu lang phi; quan ly van hanh, bao tri bao duong thuan lgi de dang Voi he th6ng c6 the t6 chdc 16 ky thuat chuyen trach va thuan Igi hon cho viec ban dien Kh6ng can c6 cac djch vu dac biet Neu c6 dieu kien c6 the ket hgp voi cac ngu6n nang lugng khac (he lai ghep) Can t6 chuc mang luoi djch vii cung cap cac phu kien chuyen dung he dien pin mat troi nhu den 12VDC Bg Dieu khien Bg Bien d6i dien Can bien soan cac tai lieu huang dan van hanh, bao tri bao duong duoi dang ngan ggn de hieu cung cap rong rai cho nguoi dan khu vuc du an KET LUAN Ngu6n nang lugng truyen lh6ng cda nuoc ta dang suy giam dan tru lugng c6 ban, cong nghe khai thac c6n lac hau l6n that, lang phi I6n chua hieu qua va clura co ke hoach khai thac hgp ly, kem theo d6 la viec tieu thu nang lugng dang gay nhiem m6i trtrang nghiem trgng Viet nam co tiem nang lo Ion ve nang lugng tai tao, phat trien nang lugng tai tao la gop phan giam lieu thu than, dau, d6ng thai giam pbal thai nha kinh Vi the, Vict Nam can h6 trg phat trien NLTT de bao ve m6i truang dam bao nang lugng pbal trien theo huang hieu qua va ben vdng chien luge pbal trien an ninh nang lugng quoc gia TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [ I ] Bd Cdng thuong, 2007 - Tdng sa dd phdt trien Dien lire VN glal dogn 2006-2015 vd djnh hudng din 2025 [2] Dien luc Viet Nam 2006a Ke hogch Bdo cdo Ha Ndi, Viet Nam [3] Dien luc Viet Nam, 2006b Bdo cdo tdng ket cua gid nhien lieu vd cong nghe the he ngdnh dien Viet Nam, Ha Ndi, Viet Nam [4] Nguyin Thudng, Hdi thao qudc te ve phat trien nang lugng Viet Nam lan thu 2, Ha Ndi-2008 [5] Nhan T Nguyen, Minh Ha Duong, Economic potential of renewable energy In Vietnam 's power sector Energy Policy 37 (2009) 1601-1613, France [6] Website: www.unfccc.org.cdm 151 Pham Thj Thanh Mai Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03): 145-152 SUMMARY ORIENTATION AND SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOPING RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR POWER IN VIETNAM Pham Thi Thanh M a i ' Thai Nguven I niversitv oTEconomics and Business Administration - TNU Energy is the driving force of economic development - social Along with economic growth, energy demand for production and living on a rise, while fossil energy sources on a scarce, the energy consumption is causing serious environmental pollution Vietnam has great potential for renewable energy, renewable energy development is to reduced consumption of coal, oil, gas and reduce greenhouse gas emissions But this is also new content so when deployed VietNam still faces many difficulties and barriers This paper will present the status of production, use and forecast the demand for electricit\ in Vietnam to 2030; situation and the potential exploitation of renewable energy sources for electricity generation in Vietnam; These challenges and the research in renewable energy applications; orientation and a number of measures to promote development of renewable energy for electricity generation in Vietnam Key words: Energy, renewable, power generation, development, sustalnablllty Tel: 09I28049'9: 152 Email: pliamlhiinhmail979in-ahoo.com ... Dien luc Viet Nam 2006a Ke hogch Bdo cdo Ha Ndi, Viet Nam [3] Dien luc Viet Nam, 2006b Bdo cdo tdng ket cua gid nhien lieu vd cong nghe the he ngdnh dien Viet Nam, Ha Ndi, Viet Nam [4] Nguyin... nhu cau dien du kien se tang 15% /nam b6i canh nhu cau thap va 18% /nam kjch ban cao nhu cau giai doan 2010-2030 [ ] Tiem nang nguon nang l u g n g tai tao d" Viet Nam Tiem nang (DV tu nhien) Tiem... v A GIAI P H A P MANH P H A T T R I E N NLTT CHO DIEN VIETNAM DAY PHAT Djnh hudng phat trien nang lugng tai tao cho phat dien 6'' Viet Nam Viec djnb huong phat trien nang lugng tai tao nuac ta