r r Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phat trien ben vung NGHIEN CTJtJ CONG NGHE THU KHU" BUI VA HE THONG T H U B U I B A N G M A N C H A N G I O MA Heng, Nl Ji[.]
Hpi nghi Cong nghiep r r khoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te - 2010 md tien tien vi su phat trien ben vung NGHIEN CTJtJ CONG NGHE THU KHU" BUI VA HE THONG T H U B U I BANG M A N C H A N GIO MA Heng, Nl Jingfeng, GAO Ke D a i hoc hoa hoc A n toan va C o n g t r i n h D a i hoc K y thuat L i a o n i n g , F u x i n , T r u n g Quoc Tdm tat: Bui md than cang tdng cung voi phat trien cdc phuong phap khai thdc hieu qua va nang suat cao Bui md than chit yeu sinh tic cdc guong Id co gidi (CMEF) De kiem soat bui tren be mat ddt bi bdc xuc, ly thuyet ve tach bui sau thu bui duoc ddt Dua tren nhirng nghien ciht thuc nghiem vd ly thuyet, mot he thdng thu bui mdn chan gid duoc phat trien Dat mot man chan gid mot buong cd he thdng vdi phun, vd de dat duoc chiec nang dieu tiet nhieu miec dQ va nhieu ndc Mot loat thi nghiem dd duoc tien hanh de cd duoc van tdc cua vdi phun cao hon va ton that nang luong d miec tdi thieu Thi nghiem chieng td rdng be rdng khe hd tdi uu cua thoat cua he thdng thu bui man chan gid la tie 10 den 15mm Ddi vdi cdc dudng Id co gidi hda ndi chung, van tdc gid suy yeu cd the ldn hon 3m/s, gid tri dap img yeu cau kiem soat bui de khong cd the hit thd duoc Tie khoa: Kiem soat bui; guong Id khai thdc cogidi hda ddng bp; thu bui; tach bui; man chan gid Gidi thieu Viec phat trien cac p h u a n g phap khai thac m o h i e u qua va nang suat cao, l a m cho luong bui m o than cang tang len va cac g u o n g 16 k h a i thac ca g i a i hoa dong bo la mot n h u n g n g u o n tao b u i I o n nhat tai rao than B u i than k h o n g c h i anh h u o n g nghiem den sue khoe cua cong nhan, ma chua d u n g n g u y h i e m t i e m an gay no bui V i vay, cac bien phap h u u hieu phai duoc de de k i e m soat b u i o m o Theo cac ket qua n g h i e n c u u , nong b u i g u o n g 16 k h i c o g i o i hoa cao khoang 1000 ~ 0 m g / m , v o i phan tan cao ^ B u i co the h i t t h o duoc co d u o n g k i n h nho h o n 5pm chiem ty le t u o n g d o i cao T u y nhien, bang cac giai phap t h o n g t h u a n g t h i rat kho tach bui de k h o n g k h i co the hit t h o duoc, bien phap p h u n t u o i duoc sir dung r o n g khap, nhung t h i n g h i e m cho thay hieu qua cua phun t u o i ngan chan b u i den nong co the hit tho duoc la % ~ % , t r o n g k h i hieu qua ciia thiet b i khir b u i cua chiing t o i de xuat co the dat t o i % ~ % N h u n g t r o n g v u n g p h u can tren mat cong tac ciia thiet b i co g i a i cao, rat kho k i e m soat b u i va hieu qua ngan b u i k h o n g that thoa man Viec anh h u o n g nghiem den sue khoe va an toan ciia cong nhan m o V i vay, viec phat trien thiet b i tach bui co hieu qua v a ap dung t r o n g thuc tien la p h u o n g h u o n g phat trien c h i i yeu ciia cong nghe xir l y b u i t Du dn he thdng ** * thu bui bang man chan gid d cdc guong lb cogidi hda ddng bp Trong qua t r i n h k i e m soat b u i , dau tien la phai g i a m n o n g b u i m o i t r u a n g lain viec, t h i i d i n la g i a m nong b u i den m i i c co the h i t t h o d u o c H i e n tai t h i viec k i e m [2] soat bui g u o n g 16 co g i o i hoa cao la kho khan va k i e m soat b u i a m i i c co the hit tho duac cang kho k h a n h o n V a n de c h i i yeu va quan t r o n g nhat la h i e u qua t h u b u i tai moi truang l a m viec qua thap t r o n g qua t r i n h k h o n g che b u i tire t h a i , m o t l u o n g l a n b u i v a ' Duoc Qui Khoa hoc Tu- nhien Qu6c gia Trung Quoc tai trgr (60772159) 465 Hpi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tien mo qudc vi su phat triin ti bin 2010 vung bui co the hit tho* dugc tham chi nghiem trgng hon Tai cac mo than o Trung Quoc, mat b u i tai cac 16 c h o c o g i o i deu m u c cao k h o n g dap u n g dugc t i e u chuan v a n o n g bui co the h i t t h o dugc c o n n g h i e m t r g n g h o n D u a vao m o t so n g h i e n c u u thuc n g h i e m v a l y thuyet, he t h o n g t h u b u i bang man chan gio m o i dugc phat t r i e n va d u g c ap d u n g tai g u o n g 16 c o g i o i hoa T r o n g bai cau tnic cua he t h o n g t h u b u i , q u i t r i n h hoat d o n g cua m a y m o c thiet b i v a p h u k i e n lien quan den b u i cung n h u la ket qua thir n g h i e m dugc phan t i c h v a n g h i e n c u u 2.1 Nguyen ly cua thu bui T h u b u i c h u y e u la de k i e m soat b u i t r o n g k h o n g k i n v a g i o i han b u i m u c hit thd dugc N h u da de cap tren, tir v i e n canh v i m o ciia n g u o n sinh b u i la boc xuc dien rong, b u i bay len tir cac d i e m chuyen d i c h dgc theo true d u o n g m a y chuyen dong Nguon sinh b u i phat tan x u n g quanh t r o n g k h o n g gian chieu, c h i co m o t t r o n g so la chieu t u D a y la d i e m n o i v o i be mat d u o n g 16 v a day la be m a t tir d u y nhat de b u i bay Luc dau, c h i n h m a y boc c o k h i c h i e m m o t k h o n g gian I o n l a m cho be mat tir lai nho hon N h u the, n h i e m v u c h i n h ciia d u an t h u b u i la k i e m soat b u i t r o n g p h a m v i tiet dien nay, tuc la tiet d i e n tiep nhan viec k i e m soat b u i Ro rang la thiet b i chan b u i can dugc bo tri truoc mat n g u o i l a i may N o i chung khoang each v i t r i tir be mat tiep giap v o i be mat dat b i dao xiic bang c o g i o i la ~ m M a n chan gio la m a n tach k h i dugc tao b o i qua t r i n h b o m k h i tir dau xa cua khe v o i m o t van toe nhat d i n h K h i gio dat t y so dai tren ngan la : , t h i d u g c g o i la phun khe ho He thong t h u b u i m a n chan gio t r o n g g u o n g 16 c o g i o i d u o c lap dat l a m each ly cac nguon sinh b u i tir m o i t r u o n g l a m viec, m a n chan k h o n g k h i d u o c lap dat truoc may khau than cong suat I o n , t r u o c mat cong nhan l a i may M a n chan k h o n g k h i se duoc lap dat phia t r u o c cong nhan l a i may, m a n chan khong anh h u o n g den v a n hanh may, tiep can v a t a m quan sat H e t h o n g ap lire gio va may khau than hoat d o n g d o n g t h o i K h i m a y khau than l a m viec t h i cung k h o i dong he thong man chan g i o , ho t r g he t h o n g ap lire gio va m a y k h a u c i i n g hoat d o n g M a n chan gio thu hut gio m o i t r u o n g bao quanh v a r o i day gio len t u o n g bao quanh, t u o n g khep kin be mat tir do, v o i m o t toe d o n g gio v u a phai, k i e m soat de k h o n g tang nhanh l u g n g bui vao d u o n g 16 Sau k h i t h u b u i d u o c b o m vao t r o n g thiet b i lgc b u i , m a n chan gio ciing v o i he thong tach b u i v a t h o n g g i o "ap luc-cao v a b o m - n g a n " hoan tat c h u t r i n h l a m t i n h khiet bui ciia luong k h i chira b u i Sau k h i duoc tach k h o i b u i , l u o n g k h i t i n h k h i e t se d u g c xa ngoai bang quat va d a m bao cho he t h o n g t h o n g gio ban dau dat y e u cau phuc v u cho khai thac 2.2 Thiet ke he thdng thu bui man chan gid He t h i n g tao ap lire gio la phan c h i n h ciia he t h o n g t h u b u i m a n chan gio H? thong tao ap lire g i o bao g m hop p h u n d o n g va cac v o i p h u n , c u n g n h u la t u i k h i co the gian duoc, ong n o i m e m , va quat ap lire cao H o p p h u n d o n g t r o n g he t h o n g t h u bui man chan gio sir d u n g c o g i o i hoa d o n g bo, dugc t h i l t ke n h u g i o i t h i e u t r o n g h i n h Bieu hieu u n g ciia he t h i n g t h u b u i m a n chan gio cho g u o n g 16 c o g i o i hoa d o n g bo dugc thiet ke g i o i t h i e u t r o n g h i n h N h i r n g dac t i n h c o ban g u o n g 16 c o g i o i hoa dong bo n h u sau: 466 Hot Cdng nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien kT thuat tiin md qudc vi su phat te - trien 2010 ben vung (a) T h i e t b i p h u n dong m a n chan gio dugc thiet ke h i n h t a m giac va cac v o i p h u n h i n h c h u U va hop v o i r phun la mot k h o n g gian t o n g hgp va chia tach dugc t o i m u c t o i thieu (b) M a n chan gio dugc lap dat vao may khai thac a p h i a t r u a c n g u d i lai may M a n khong lam anh huong den tam quan sat cua n g u a i lai may, khong l a m anh h u o n g n g u d i va may hoat ddng va chuyen d i c h t r o n g Hinh Hop phun khong gian ba chieu dong nam ngang 1- Hop phun ddng; 2-Cau kien noi mem; 3-Loa giao dien bien dang; 4- Ld hdng dong phun; 5Ong cao su; 6,7- Cau true thep cdc bon (c) Lap dat vach chan g i d vao hop v d i p h u n , vach tao khoang each d d n g p h u n g i u cho ciing van tdc V i the, k h o n g c h i can nhd hon, nhung h u d n g g i d v a v a n tdc g i d cd the h i e u c h i n h va k i e m soat nhieu cap va nhieu muc (d) He thdng ap lire g i d dugc ket n o i vao m a y co g i o i hoan toan, hoat ddng ddng thdi, lam cho may v a n hanh de dang Quat gid cue b d m a n h tao lire day ciia he t h d n g g i d nen n h u t r i n h bay h i n h 2a, hoac mot thiet b j t h u y lire tao lire day se l a m g i a m tieng dn, n h u t r i n h bay hinh 2b Quat gio cue bo ap luc cao Khop noimem ong vao han nhanian rtirrrrrnnir Hop dong phun e ho dong phun Quat gi6 cue bo ap lire cao Khop noimem Tui co the long vao nhau"Hop dong phun Khe ho dong phun (a) (b) Hinh So he thong thu b ui man gio 467 Hdi nghi Cong nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thuat tien Ly thuyet vd phan tich he thdng r 3.1 Ly thuyet phun md qudc vi su phat thu bui man chan ti triin bin 2010 viing gid Phun chat l o n g tir m o t v o i p h u n hoac tir m o t khe h a d i vao khoang k h o n g vo han ciing g i o n g n h u phan l u c m a y bay, v a viec phan bo v a n toe cua chat l o n g tai mat xuat cung n h u the K h i b o m , v a n toe g i u a k h o n g k h i x u n g quanh v a t i a t o n tai k h o n g lien tuc Sir k h o n g l i e n tuc chac chan gay nen can t r a v a viec mat o n d i n h dan den tao gio xoay Gio xoay hap t h u k h o n g k h i x u n g quanh dua vao v o i p h u n , c i i n g luc no d i c h chuyen khong ngirng, b i e n dang v a tach de tao sir h o n loan va anh h u o n g ciia h o n loan dan dan phat trien hai h u o n g - r a phia ngoai v a d i vao p h i a t r o n g cho t o i k h i hai l o p hon hop hinh vo p h u o n g h u o n g t u xuat hien V o i chuyen ngang cua x u n g l u o n g , khong duoc hap t h u d o n nhan x u n g l u o n g va chuyen d i c h c i i n g v o i l u o n g gio k h i luong gio ban dau mat d i m o t l u o n g x u n g l u o n g va cham l a i , v a k h i v a n toe g i a m d i mot phan va ung suat cat xuat h i e n tren l o p h o n h o p Sau k h i duoc b o m d o i x u n g bang v o i phun toi mot m u c nhat d i n h ciia v a n toe ban dau, tang p h a m v i v i i n g c h i n h ciia v o i p h u n m a van giu van toe ban dau, v a d u o n g b o ciia be r o n g tiet dien cheo se to h o n v a to h o n k h i van toe cua no g i a m d i , b o i v i k h o n g k h i x u n g quanh l i e n tuc b i hut vao v i i n g p h u n H o n h o p p h u n c i i n g v o i chat l o n g dan dan bao quanh tir b o ngoai vao den tam va sau m o t khoang each nhat d i n h t o i t a m tia, r o i t h i toan tiet dien p h u n phat t r i e n dong vo d i n h h u o n g K h u v u c h o n h o p m a r o n g tir b o bao k h o i dau-dugc biet den la l o p cat hoac lop h o n hop, phan t a m cua no k h o n g b i t r o n lan V i i n g g i u n g u y e n v a n toe ban dau dugc biet den la t a m p h u n t i e m nang Phun co the dugc chia hai tiet dien, tiet dien ban dau va tiet dien c h i n h Tiet d i e n ban dau la v i i n g tir cira xuat t o i c u o i cua t a m p h u n tiem nang Sau k h i l u o n g v o d i n h h u o n g phat t r i e n hoan toan t h i v o i p h u n la tiet dien chinh Qui mo thang d i i n g ciia v o i p h u n I o n h o n q u i m o nam ngang va v i phan v a n toe du/dy theo huong thang d u n g ciia l u o n g la I o n t r o n g k h i be day k h u t r o n nho h o n chieu dai v o i phun; hen co so nay, Prandtle dan xuat p h u a n g t r i n h v i phan ciia d o n g chay r o i loan, sir dung l y thuyet lop bao quanh n h u sau^ : 3j du du _ , du u — + v — = c V dy • dx dx dy O day: u la van toe nam ngang, m/s; v la van toe thang d i i n g , m/s; c la hang so thi ( ) nghiem, ve mat l y thuyet t h i t u o n g d u o n g v o i ty le chieu dai t r o n / v a khoang each den cue x D o i v o i p h u n khe, v a n toe h u o n g true u va VI t y le n g h i c h , theo quan he sau' ' : m = f (2) O day: n la mot hang so duoc xac dinh Co n h i e u c o n g t h i i c true p h u n t r o n g cac t a i l i e u n g h i e n c u u , t r o n g phuong trinh ciia M i h la t h i c h h o p tren c o so m o t loat cac t h i n g h i e m dugc chap nhan r o n g r a i ' \ [4 z/ = ^ — m (3) 0" day: uo la van toe tai dau voi phun; la be rong ciia voi phun 468 Moi nghi Cong khoa nghiep hoc mo tien ki thuat tiin mo qudc vi su phat te - trien ben 2010 vung Theo ly thuyit vl dong chay roi loan cua Pulangte va sir dung phuong phap ciia Gertler, phan b6 v a n t6c p h u n b l mat co the giai quyet dugc, v a n g u y e n tac bao t o n ciia xung lire va d o n g chay m a n h co t h i dugc sir dung de dan xuat x e m true tia thay d o i n h u the nao dgc theo d u o n g d i T r o n g tiet dien cheo can x i r theo h u o n g x, x u n g luc ciia be rong don v i nen la: J= P pu dy, J -oo X u n g luc ban dau ciia be rong d o n v i m i e n g v o i p h u n nen la: J = bpu N h u the, theo luat bao t o n x u n g lire, c h i i n g ta co the nhan d u g c p h u o n g t r i n h sau: P pu dy = J -oo bpu 2.2 Tinh toan va phan tich thuc nghiem M u c d i c h thay d o i ket qua k i c h thuoc v o i p h u n v a hop d o n g p h u n la de dat dugc t o n that nang l u g n g t o i t h i e u v a van toe I o n nhat B e dat muc t i e u nay, da co cai tien nang cap nhieu lan, thiet ke k i c h t h u o c v o i p h u n va hop dong p h u n m o t , v a t h e m m o t tam dan dong de nham dat ket qua tot h o n C u n g t r o n g cong viec nay, khoang each v o i p h u n cung dugc thir n g h i e m n h i e u lan Trong k h i thir n g h i e m cong nghiep tai hien t r u o n g , v i i n g tiet dien la khoang m x m , he thong ap lire gio co chieu dai la m , ap lire dugc cung cap b o i m o t quat dien co trang bi dem v o n g quay v o i cong suat 5,5kw>