Nshien am, Phdt trien vd Ung duns Cons nshe Vdt lieu (KC 02/06 10) Ha Ndi 27/11/2009 N G H I E N C U U C O N G N G H E L U Y E N X i T I T A N Q U A N G I L M E N I T E C A Y C H A M T H A I N G U Y E[.]
Nshien am, Phdt trien vd Ung duns Cons nshe Vdt lieu (KC.02/06-10)- Ha Ndi 27/11/2009 NGHIEN CUU CONG NGHE LUYEN X i TITAN QUANG ILMENITE CAY C H A M THAI NGUYEN Ngo Ngoc Dinh, D6 Hong Nga, Quan Van Dung, Nguyen H6ng Quan V i e n K h o a hoc va C o n g nghe M o - L u y e n k i m Tom tat Viec nghien cuu luyen xi titan tai Viet nam da duac tien hanh khd scan va ddi vdi quang sa khoang Ddi vdi quang goc chua duac nghien cuu Hien tai md titan Cay Cham dang duac khai thac de xuat khdu De tai nham tim hudng di cho viec lua chon chi bien sau doi voi quang I GIOI THIEU Mo titan Cay Cham (Thai nguyen) co cac loai quang ilmenite sa khoang va quang ilmenite g6c hien dang duoc khai thac d l xuat khau Cac d u an che bien sau loai quang dang duoc t i m k i e m de trien khai T i n h quang sa khoang mo Cay Cham da duoc Phong nghien cuu tuyen khoang ap dung quy trinh cong nghe mod nang cao ham l u o n g T i K e t qua nhan duoc quang co phan sau ( % ) : Tir tinh quang nhan duoc da tien hanh nghien ciru luyen x i titan theo cong nghe giai doan de nhan x i titan Cau tir Ti0 FeO Fe Quang Sa khoang 50,69 16,54 r Quang Goc 45,75 6,90 MnO S 1,98 1,12 0,031 0,15 0,72 0,01 CaO MgO Cr 27,53 2,01 0,11 0,72 37,76 4,25 0,54 2,17 Si0 n C O SCI L Y T H U Y E T C O N G N G H E L U Y E N X I T I T A N Luyen x i titan chii yeu bao g o m hai qua trinh, hoan nguyen trang thai ran va hoan nguyen trang thai long K h i hoan nguyen trang thai ran (tien hanh v u n g nhiet khong cao, thuong nho hon 1300°C), chu yeu oxit s i t duoc hoan nguyen d i n k i m loai oxit titan chi duoc hoan nguyen den oxit hoa t r i thap Co the b i l u dien bang cac phan ung chu yeu dudi day : F e O T i + C = Fe + T i + C O (1) 3/4 FeO T i + C = 3/4Fe + l / T i + C O (2) 2/3 FeO T i + C = 2/3Fe + l / T i + C O (3) Ket qua nhan duoc thieu pham chira sat k i m loai d u o i dang cac hat nho nam xen ke cac oxit titan hoa t r i bdn va thap hon hat ilmenite Hoan nguyen trang thai ran co t h i tien hanh cac thiet b i chuyen diing n h u : 16 quay, 16 thieu l o p soi, 16 hop v.v K h i hoan nguyen Uang thai long, t i l n hanh d nhiet cao hon (khoang 1700°C 1800°C) nen oxit sat duoc hoan nguyen triet d l hon thuong ham l u o n g FeO x i g i a m xuong tdi 2-5%, dong thoi co mot so cac oxit kho hoan nguyen cung duoc hoan nguyen mot phan nhu : C r , M n O , S i , V O s va d i vao k i m loai ; oxit titan cung hoan nguyen d i n k i m loai mot phan nho, chii yeu la hoan nguyen den cac oxyt hoa t r i thap T i O s , T i d i vao x i X i titan la dung dich ran tren nen oxit titan L u y e n x i titan thuc hien chii yeu 16 dien ho quang 2 3 2 2 3 K h i luyen true tiep quang ilmenite 16 dien ho quang, qua trinh hoan nguyen trang thai ran thuc hien duoc rat it ma chii yeu la hoan nguyen trang thai long, d i l u dan d i n ham luong T i x i kho nang cao duoc va tieu ton nhieu dien nang 198 Nghien ciru Phdt triin vd ting d l i n s C d n e n e h i V d t l i i u ( C-02/06-10)K Hd Not 27/11/2009 Dl cai thien, hien cac qua trinh luyen xi titan tien tien deu thuc hien cong nghe giai doan: - Giai doan I : Thieu hoan nguyen tinh quang ilmenite trang thai ran cac thiet b i : L l o p soi, 16 quay, 16 tuynel - Giai doan U : Quang ilmenite da duoc thieu hoan nguyen nhu tren duoc dua vao luyen 16 ho quang Qua trinh luyen x i titan giai doan co cac uu diem chinh nhu sau: + H a m lucmg oxyt titan x i duoc nang cao ro ret + T i l t kiem dien nang + Nang suat 16 dien ho quang tang gan gap lan V a n hanh 16 thuan tien ffl THUG NGHIEM III.l Thieu hoan nguyen tinh quang ilmenite T i n h quang ilmenite duoc tron than hoan nguyen va dua d i thieu hoan nguyen 16 dien, ket qua khao sat tren 16 dien duoc lay de ap dung thieu m o rong 16 hop va 16 ong quay Cac khao sat che thieu: X e t anh huong ciia nhiet thieu, thoi gian thieu va ty le than hoan nguyen San pham duoc phan tich danh gia muc hoan nguyen Fe quang K h a o sat anh h u o n g cua n h i e t t h i e u Tai nhiet 1000° C tinh quang sa khoang da b j hoan nguyen mot phan sat k i m loai va b j hoan nguyen manh k h i nhiet dat 1150° C t o i nhiet 1250° C dat gia t r i Ion nhat, nhiet cao hon, quang b i bien m e m va ket k h o i 30.00 0.00 9.00 T— 10.00 11.00 12.00 , 13.00 14.00 Nhiet thieu 0C x100 Hinh Anh hu&ng nhiet thieu den ham lucmg sat quang Doi voi tinh quang goc tai nhiet 1000° C tinh quang bat dau bi hoan nguyen va tir nhiet 1100 thi mire hoan nguyen tang manh va t o i nhiet 1250° C dat gia t r i Ion nhat K h i tang nhiet khoang t o i 1300° C thi ham l u o n g Fe k i m loai khong tang, lieu b i bien m l m va ket khoi Ve nhiet dong hoc k h i tang nhiet do, gia t r i A G ° T cua cac phan i m g hoan nguyen sat ilmenite am hon nen de phan ung hon V l dong hoc theo A.Garmata [ ] : su hoan nguyen ilmenite bang cac bon ran t i l n hanh qua vung dong hoc: toi 1100°C la viing dong 199 Nshien ciht Phdt trien Uhg dims Cong nshe Vdt lieu (KC.02/06-10>- Hd Noi 2^/11/2009 hoc hoa hoc tir 1100 -1300°C la vung dong hoc chuyin tiep nhiet ldn hem 1300 C la vung dong hoc khuech tan V i vay t u 1000-1150°C la vung dong hoc hoa hoc nen k h i nhiet tang thi su hoan nguyen tang manh C K h a o sat anh h i r t m g cua t h d i gian t h i e u Tang thdi gian thieu hoan nguyen Fe thieu pham tang, tang manh thoi gian 1.5 g i d dau tien sau tang cham thuc te tir 150 phut t r d di tang rat i t D i e u co the giai thich rang: sau 1.5 g i d lucmg sat oxyt da dugc hoan nguyen kha nhieu, ham lucmg oxyt sat chua hoan nguyen giam nen hoat dd cua FeO nho dan t d i tdc hoan nguyen cham dan Chon thdi gian thieu hoan nguyen thich hgp la 2.5 gid c C-5 15 2.5 Then gian thieu (gi6>) 3.5 Hinh Anh hu&ng ciia then gian thieu den ham lucmg sat quang Khao sat anh hur/ng ty le than hoan nguyen Ket qua cho thay tang ty le than la tang lugng cac bon cho phan ung hoan nguyen (1) (2), (3), dd tang dugc muc hoan nguyen K h i ty le than da tang t d i 10% t h i ham l u g n g sat k i m loai tang cham ham lucmg FeO giam la sat da dugc hoan nguyen dai bo phan, ham lucmg FeO lai khong nhieu hoat ciia FeO da giam, do kha nang hoan nguyen k e m hcm.Yi vay chon t i le than thich hgp la 12% 3D • —< 15 £ 5? 10- _ —m— ° Fe c6c : : 11 13 15 17 Ty le than % Hinh Anh hu&ng ciia ty- li than din ham lucmg sat quang sa khoang 200 a Nshien cim Phdt triin v&tihg dim c ^ ™ h i V d t l i i u (KC.02/06-10)- Hd Ndi 27/11/2009 Nhan xet: Tir cac nghien ciru cho thay, dii voi quang ilmenite goc qua trinh hoan nguyen sat k i m loai b i t d i u a nhiet cao hon so v o i tai lieu ve hoan nguyen ilmenite cung nhu so v o i quang sa khoang ven b i l n T y le than hoan nguyen cung cao hon Dieu co the duoc giai thich c i u true cua quang , ham l u o n g F e quang la kha cao Lira chon duoc chi thieu tinh quang goc ilmenite Cay Cham Nhiet thieu : 1250°C doi v o i quang sa khoang; 1280° C v o i quang goc T h o i gian thieu: 2,5 h H a m luong than: 12% Cap hat than: -0,1mm Hinh Quang sa khoang chua thieu Hinh Quang sa khoang da thieu Tren hinh cho thay cac hat sat duoc hoan nguyen (dom sang) tren nen cac hat ilmenite Hinh Quang goc chua thieu Hinh Quang goc da thieu I I I L u y e n x i t i t a n t i r q u a n g da t h i e u hoan nguyen T h i nghiem duoc thuc hien nhu sau: T i n h quang ilmenite sa khoang da thieu hoan nguyen duoc tron v o i than hoan nguyen, tro dung v o i , chat ket dinh bitum Nguyen lieu da chuan b i v o i cap hat -10 m m duoc luyen 16 ho quang co he thong dieu khien nang dien cue t u dong Da nghien cuu ty le than hoan nguyen, loai than, ty le tro dung v o i , thoi gian hoan nguyen sau K h a o sat t y le v o i t r o n g p h o i lieu k h i l u y e n x i N h a n xet: K h i luyen tinh quang ilmenite sa khoang da thieu 16 ho quang v o i che cong nghe da neu cho thay k h i tang ty le v o i phoi lieu den 2,0% thi qua trinh luyen duoc cai thien ro ret nhung cao hon thi lai gay kho khan cho thao tac: x i chay loang, de ngan mach Chon ty le voi la 2,0% Diing than antraxit lam chat hoan nguyen: qua trinh luyen rat kho khan, v i vay lira chon chat hoan nguyen la than coc Thai Nguyen cho tat ca cac t h i nghiem v l sau Ket qua nghien cuu doi v o i tinh quang g6c 201 Nshien ciru, Phdt trien va tine duns Cons nehe Vdt lieu (KC 02/06-10)- Hd Noi 27/11/2009 N h a n xet: D d i v o i tinh quang gdc cho t h l y k h i tang ty le v o i phdi lieu den 2,5% t h i qua trinh luyen duoc cai thien ro ret nhung cao hon t h i lai gay kho khan cho thao tac Chon ty le voi la 2,5% Bang Anh hudng ty le vdi va loai than den ham luong Ti0 xi sa khoang TT T y le v o i (%) Than hoan nguyen Ham luong TiC>2 x i (%) Nhan xet Than antraxit Than cdc 65 Than antraxit 63 Than coc 75,85 X i kho chay 1,0 1,0 2,0 nt nt Than antraxit 70,33 X i kho chay, kho luyen 2,0 Than coc 87,48 X i chay tot, de luyen 3,0 Than antraxit 71,54 X i chay, K h o luyen 3,0 Than coc 87,43 X i rat kho chay, 16 b i dung X i chay loang, de ngan mach K h a o sat t y le t h a n h o a n n g u y e n k h i l u y e n x i Bdng Anh huong cua ty le than hoan nguyen luyen xi sa khoang TT Ty le v o i (%) T y le than (%) 83, 60 2 85,50 88,67 88,70 88,85 89,01 Ti0 x i (%) Bang Anh huong cua ty le than hoan nguyen luyen xi quang goc T h i nghiem T y le v o i (%) T y le than (%) Ham luong T i x i (%) GTH1 2,5 83,54 GTH2 2,5 84,20 GTH3 2,5 83,90 GTH4 2,5 84,50 GTH5 2,5 84,01 N h a n xet: K h i tang ty le than g i d i han tir 3% - 5% phdi lieu thi ham l u o n g T102 x i tang len Tang them than nhung ham l u o n g T i x i khong tang them nhieu Tir ket qua chon luong than hoan nguyen la 5% dd nghien cuu tiep theo K h a o sat anh h u o n g t h o i gian hoan nguyen sau k h i l u y e n x i Tir ket qua tren chon che' phdi lieu 2,5% v d i ; 5% than dd khao sat thdi gian hoan nguyen sau k h i luyen xi tren 16 hd quang 100 K V A 202 Nghien cim Phdt triin va Uhg dune Cons nshe Vdt lieu (KC.02/06-10)- Bdng Anh hudng thai gian hoan nguyen sau den % Ti0 T h i nghiem T v le voi (%) 2 2 2 Hd Noi 27/11/2009 xi T h o i gian (phut) T i x i (%) 30 75,40 40 78,50 50 60 84,43 88,67 70 88,00 Ty le than (%) Bdng Anh hudng thdi gian hoan nguyen sau luyen tinh quang gdc T h i nghiem T y le v o i (%) T y le than (%) T h o i gian (phut) 2,5 30 80,40 2,5 40 81,50 2,5 50 82,43 2,5 60 83,67 2,5 70 84,20 Ti0 x i (%) Cac ket qua luyen x i titan va hop k i m sat co phan nhu sau: Bdng Thanh phan xi titan TT Thanh phan % San p h a m SFe CaO MgO MnO 84,48 4,06 3,04 3,73 0,68 88,11 2,29 1,78 0,64 1,08 Ti0 X i t u quang goc X i tir quang sa khoang Bdng Thanh phan hop kim sat TT Thanh phan % San p h a m Fe C Si Ti Cr V P 0,17 0,11 0,35 0,04 H o p k i m tir quang goc 94,19 1,33 2,81 H o p k i m tir sa khoang 94,52 0,69 1,79 1,54 0,09 0,37 0,09 Mn 0,18 0,80 I I I G i a cong x i t i t a n X i titan sau k h i thao va lam nguoi can phai gia cong tiep de nhan x i titan pham Cac nguyen cong gia cong x i titan bao gom: - Tach lop gang khoi x i bang thu cong - T u y l n tir de tach cac hat sat nho lan x i T i l n hanh viec nghien c i m che tuyen tir de thu hoi san pham dat gia t r i x i thuong pham N h a n xet: X i titan sau k h i tuyen tir so bo cho ham luong T i dat , % Chat luong x i dap ung duoc cho cong nghe san xuat bot mau titan Tiiy theo yeu cau co the tuyen tir de nang cao ham luong T i x i len Ket qua tren bang cho thay sau k h i tuyen tir cac che 400, 600, 800 Oe thi ham luong T i tuong i m g x i nang len duoc 86,9; 88,1; 89,2% Tuy nhien thuc thu ciia x i titan giam tuong irng la 6,4; 10,4 va 13,8 % 2 203 Nghien ciru Phdt trien va Ins duns Cone nshe Vdt lieu i KC.02/06-10,- Hd Ndi 2~/ll/20O9 Bang Ket qua nghien ciru tuyen tir xi titan TT C u d n g tir t r u o n g (Oxtet) T e n san pham X i ban dau 400 Trung d a n X i titan 600 800 TiO: (kfi)' 50 3.2 46.8 (%) 100 6.4 m 84,1 43.1 S6.9 84.1 50 i 49.6 44,8 89.6 S8.1 X i ban dau 50 Trung d a n 6.9 100 13.8 S6.2 52.32 Trung d a n X i titan T y le 93.6 100 10.4 X i ban dau T h u hoach X i titan 43.1 84.1 89.2 IV, KET L U A N Co the ap dung cong nghe luyen hai giai doan doi v o i quang ilmenite sa khoang Cay Cham Thai nguyen de nhan x i titan dat chat l u o n g thuong pham Chat luong ciia x i hoan toan dap i m g lam nguyen lieu cho san xuat que han dien pigment titan hay titan k i m loai Day la ket qua nghien cuu budc dau cho viec xir l y quang ilmenite vung N u i Chua Thai Nguyen theo huong luyen x i titan, mot vung quang t i p trung l d n ciia Viet N a m hien Trong nhirng nam qua tai day m d i chi khai thac de xuat khau V o i ket q u i cd the ap dung vao thuc te de nang cao gia tri cua tai nguyen Ket qua ciia de tai gdp phan lam can cu de mot so don v i nude lap d u an dau t u san xuat pigment hoac rutin nhan tao tir tinh quang ilmenite, L o i cam o n Cong trinh nghien ciru luyen xi titan Cay Cham duoc hoan vdi ket qui thu duoc la dang khich le N h d m can bd thuc hien xin chan cam on Ban chii nhiem chuong trinh KC.02/06-10 Lanh dao Vien Khoa hoc va cong nghe M d - L u y e n k i m Cac thay Phung Viet N g u , Le Xuan Khudng ciia T r u d n g Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha N d i ciing cac ddng nghiep da eiup do, dong vien, gdp y kien qua trinh thuc hien d l tai Tai lieu tham khao 1, VA Garmata A.N Petrunko N.V Galiski Titan - Nha xuit ban Luven kim - Matxcova 1983 N A V a x i u t i n s k i , X i titan - Nha xuat ban Luyen k i m - Matxcova, 1972 (Ban tilng Nga) D i n h Pham Thai Le Xuan Khudng Pham K i m B i n h Luyen k i m loai mau va quy h i e m Nha xuat ban giao due - Ha N d i 1996 Bui Van M u u Nguyen Van Hien L y thuyet cac qua trinh luyen k i m - Hda luyen tap Nha xuat ban giao due - Ha N d i 1997 Cao Van Hong Vien Nghien cuu M d - L u y e n k i m Bao cao tdng k i t d l tai: "Hoan thien cong nghe luyen x i titan" - 2003 Cao Van Hong Bao cao tdng ket d l tai: "Nghien cuu cong nghe hoan nguyen ilmenite Viet N a m tao vat lieu boc que han cd chat l u o n g cao", 2001 S 204 So tay thiet ke Id dien luyen k i m loai mau Nha xuat ban Leningrad 1958 (Ban u i n ° N