PETROVIETNAM LUA CHON GIAI PHAP DONG MOI VA H O A N CAI CAC KHO CHUA NOI CHO CAC MO KHAI THAC DAU KHI TREN THEM LUC D\A VIET NAM ThS Nguyen Ngoc Vinh Cdng ty CP Ddu tuKy thudt vd Phdt trien Cdng nghi[.]
PETROVIETNAM LUA CHON GIAI PHAP DONG MOI VA H O A N CAI CAC KHO CHUA NOI CHO CAC MO KHAI THAC DAU KHI TREN THEM LUC D\A VIET NAM ThS Nguyen Ngoc Vinh Cdng ty CP Ddu tuKy thudt vd Phdt trien Cdng nghi biin Viet Nam TS.OinhKhiclMinh Viin Khoa hoc Cdng nghi Tdu thuy KS NguyenTatHoin Cdng ty Lien doanh Diiu hdnh Cifu Long ThS Nguyen Viin Diep Cdng ty CP Dich vu Ldp ddt, Vdn hdnh vd Bdo dudng cdng trinh Ddu bien Tdm t i t Ddi vdi ngdnh cdng nghiep ddu ngodi khdi, sd dung kho ndi, chUa, xd ly vd xudt ddu thd (FSO/FPSO) Id mdt gidi phdp hiiu qud ddi vdi cdc md ddu d viing nUdc sdu, xa bd, ddc biet Id ddi vdi md can biin chi phi xdy dUng tuyin dng din td khdng hieu qud Trin thi gidi hien cd xu third ret Id (1) ddng mdi kho chUa ndi disddung cho vung biin cd diiu kiin mdi trUdng khdc nghiithodc cdcmd cd thdi gian khai thdc ddi (tren 15 ndm) vd (2) hodn cdi tdu ddu thdnh FSO/FPSO disit dung cho cdc md cd thdi gian khai thdc ngdn (dudi 15 ndm) d viing bien cd diiu kien mdi trudng tUOng ddi im hda (nhU Tdy Phi, Ddng Nam A, Brazil ) Viic lUa chpn gidi phdp ddng mdi hoac chuyin ddi tdu chd ddu sdn cd thdnh kho chUa ddu ndi phu thupc vdo kit qud phdn tich hieu qud kinh ticua qud trinh ddu tU Ndi dung bdi viit phdn tich Uu, nhUpc diim cua cdc xu thi trin diiu kien dp dung thUc ti tgi Viet Nam; phdn tfch ddc diim, Uu nhUdc diim cua cdc dgng tdu cd khd ndng hodn cdi thdnh FSO/FPSO, tUdd cung cdp cho cdc nhd qudn ly/chu ddu tUbUc tranh tdng qudt hdn trUdc quyit dinh lUa chpn phUdng dn ddu tuhiiu qud nhdt l6nq quan v i FSO/FPSO Theo Tiiu chuin Qudc giaTCVN 6474-2007 "Quy pham p h i n c i p v i g i i m s i t ky t h u i t kho chUa ndi" [1 ], FSO/FPSO l i phuong tien dung de xU ly/sin xuat hydrocarbon v i / ho$c chUa v i xuit hydrocarbon FSO/FPSO ed nhieu cau hinh nhU: dang t i u , dang gian cot dn dinh hoac cac dang khic thupc v i o chUe ning khai thac va van hanh Tuy v i o ehUe n i n g v i nhu cau khai thac cua md, FSO/FPSO cd cic t i n gpi khic nhau, nhung ndi chung gdm dang chinh: FPSO: Kho ndi, xtf ly, chUa va xuat dau (floating production, storage and offloading) FSO: Kho ndi, ehCfa v i x u i t dau khdng cd thiet bi x.ii ly (floating storage and offloading) 1.1 Phdn logi FSO/FPSO FSO/FPSO l i mdt k i t c i u ndi gdm he thdng m i y mdc, trang t h i i t bj d i m b i o an t o i n , dpng co day (neu la dang t i ; hinh) v i cic bd p h i n chufc n i n g phu khic Kit cau cua FSO/FPSO cd t h i l i dang t i u (cd v i khdng cd ddng co diy), d^ng cdt dn djnh hoic b i t ky dang k i t cau ndi n i o khic dupe thiet ke ri§ng FSO/FPSO dang tau la FSO/FPSO co t h i n chiem nude, cd the la loai than tau hoac xa lan dupe thiet ke mdi hay hoin c i i phuong tien sin xuat va/hoac chUa Phuang tien loai co the co ddng co day va/hoac thiet bi djnh vj (Hlnh la) So vdi cac dang cdng trinh bien ndi khic thi FSO/FPSO dang tau cd mdn tuong ddi ndng nhung lai cd dien tich dUPng mat nude Idn, cd dien tich Idn de l i p dat cac trang thiet bi xtf ly so bd va khdng gian ehUa Idn FSO/FPSO dang gian ed cdt dn dmh la phuang tien dang nUa ngam cd cac ponton ngam va boong dupe dd bdi cac cot dn dinh FSO/FPSO dang cd dien tich dudng mat nudc nhd va mdn nude vUa p h i i Cic dang khac eua FSO/FPSO la: FSO/FPSO cd hlnh dang kieu mdi va dupe ddng theo muc dich nhu g i i n neo cing va dang phao try (spar) (Hinh lb) FSO/FPSO dang gian neo cing hoic phao tru ndi chung ed mdn nude sau, dien tfch dudng mat nUde nam pham vi vUa va nhd Hien tren the gidi ed FSO/FPSO dang phao tru, deu la nhUng cdng trlnh dupe thiet ke mPi theo muc dich stf dung die biet Do kho ehUa ndi dang cdt dn dinh va dang phao tru hien tren the gidi dupc Ung dung chUa oAU Ml SO 3/2013 51 CONG NGHE - CONG TRJNH DAU KHf nhieu nen bai bao niy, nhdm tic gii chu yeu de cip den kho chUa ndi cd dang tiu 1.2 Cdu tgo cua FSO/ FPSO Mdt FSO/FPSO ed the bao gdm cac phan chi'nh sau: Thin FSO/FPSO (hull) bao gdm toan bd Hinh FSO/FPSO dgng tdu (a) vd FSO/FPSO dgng phao tru (b) phan thin vd, khoang ket noi dung de chUa sin pham so che He thdng djnh vj, neo (mooring system) la he thdng neo bupe djnh vj giU FSO/FPSO tai mpt vi tri He thdng niy gdm: diy neo budc, cac diu ndi va thiet bi, tdi, coc, neo va thiet bi day Hien tren the gidi stf dung rat nhieu eie dang neo khac vio die diem dieu kien khai thac FSO/FPSO nhung chu yeu gdm nhdm chfnh: neo chum (spread), neo don (single point mooring) va neo dau cudi (bow/and stern mooring) -I- Neo chum la he thdng gdm nhieu day neo vdng (catenary) dupe bupe vio cic cpc hoic neo cin d day bien Tai mdi dau cua diy neo dupe gin vao tdi hoac chi tiet chin (stopper) tren kho ehUa ndi qua sdma dan hudng Mdt diy neo vdng cd the gdm nhieu doan vdi cac phao ndi hoac cic cue gia tai dpe theo diy Oac diem eua he neo niy se ed djnh hudng eua cdng trlnh, vl viy ning chju tie ddng tU mdi trudng Idn nen khdng the dung eho vung bien sau hoic vung bien cd dieu kien thdi tiet khac nghiet Tuy nhien, dang neo cho phep de dang ket ndi cac dng riser ndi tUdau gieng len man mpt sd vung bien cd dieu kien thdi tiet tdt da cd nhUng nghien eUu Ung dung he dng riser dang dng cUng kit hpp vdi thiet bi keo dit tren boong thay the cho dng mem de giim thieu chi phi + Neo don la dang neo cho phep FSO/FPSO xoay theo tie ddng cua cac dieu kien thdi tiet Ba loai neo don chinh thuong dupe dung la: neo CALM, neo SALM va neo thap Neo CALM (catenary anchor leg mooring) la he thdng bao gdm phao Idn dupe giU bdi cic diy neo vdng FSO/ FPSO dupe bupe vio phao bing xich mem hoac ket cau khung eCfng (dang neo thuong dupe stf dung ddi vdi dang FSO/FPSO dupe hoin cii tCf t i u dau) Hlnh the hien dang phao CALM dien hinh Neo SALM (single anchor leg mooring) l i he thdng gdm kit cau neo cd sin tinh ndi dupc dit tai hoac gin 52 D/U) UHl so 3/2013 (a) y (b) Hinh Neo CALM dang cdng ndi mem (a) vd neo CALM d noicHngib) be mat nude va dupe neo xudng day bien bang lien kit dang khdp hoac bang thip ed djnh Dang neo thich hpp ddi vPi dang FSO/FPSO dupe hoin cii tU tiu dau Hinh the hien dang phao SALM dien hinh Neo thap (turet) gdm nhieu chin neo gin vao thip ehl cho phep FSO/FPSO quay xung quanh thap, nhd d6 FSO/FPSO ed the xoay theo tie ddng eua dieu kien thdi tiet Thip neo cd the dupe gin ben hoac ben ngoii tai mui hoic than FSO/FPSO Thdng thudng thip niy 6ux^c ndi xudng day bien thdng qua he thdng neo chum Vj tri cua thap neo cd the d phfa thin hoac dupe dUa ngoai phia mui eua FSO/FPSO (Hinh 4) , i + Neo dau cudi (bow and stern mooring): FSO/FPSO dupe cd dinh tai vj trf khai thic bang hai he phao neo d^f^ lap dat d mui va dudi eua cdng trlnh Loai neo chi ip dung eho nhUng cdng trinh gin bd, dieu kien mdi trUdng bien em hda He thdng xuf ly/sin xuit (production) l i he thdng | cdng nghe gdm he thdng xtf ly, he thdng an toan v i diiu khien, he thdng trp giiip cdng nghe va cic thiet bj phu trp eho qui trinh xii ly hdn hpp chit Idng hydrocarbon v i khf tU gieng Thdng thudng, he thdng niy 1^ cac module PETROVIETNAM d u p e d i t cao h o n m a t b o o n g chi'nh k h o a n g v i i m e t (> -t- He t h d n g xuat va n h a p d a u / k h i g d m cac d n g eUng, 3m), n h i f n g c i c d u d n g d n g lien q u a n lai d a t t r e n m a t d n g m e m hoac k i t h p p ca hai loai d n g t r e n , cac b p phan lien b o o n g c h i n h Phu t h u d c vao kich t h u d c cua t h i n v d va b d q u a n d e n d n g dUng nhU he t h d n g keo cang, cac m o d u l e trf t h u p n g t a n g , e i e m o d u l e t h u p n g t a n g ed t h e cd n h i e u ndi, p h a o ndi doc d n g dUng, kep cd d i n h , he t h d n g neo va s i n de l i p d a t cac t h i e t bi xtf ly gas, n u d c va d a u Cac t r a n g cac he t h d n g dieu khien an t o a n Trong m p t he t h d n g xui't t h i i t bi t h u p n g t a n g se d u p e che tao t h a n h tCfng c u m va nhap t i e u bieu cua FSO/FPSO, d i e m bat dau la d i e m ndi h o i n c h i n h He t h d n g c d n g n g h e g d m eae he t h d n g sau: d n g dUng vdi PLEM va d i e m ket t h u c la d i e m k i t ndi d n g + He t h d n g xtf ly chat I d n g , gas hoac h o n hpp d U n g vdi FSO/FPSO Cac d i e m ket ndi t h o n g t h u d n g la mat bfch dau (hoac m a t bfeh dau vao) eua PLEM va m a t bich h y d r o c a r b o n tCf g i e n g ; dau vao (hoac mat bich dau ra) cua FSO/FPSO; + He t h d n g p h u t r p t r p g i u p c d n g n g h e n h u cac he + Khu sinh hoat va d i e u khien ( a c c o m m o d a t i o n ) la t h d n g c u n g cap n i n g l u p n g , k h i n e n , t h u y luc, h a i , nudc eho q u i t r l n h xtf ly C i c he t h d n g d u p e d u n g de kich hoat g i i n g n h U hd t h d n g b o m khi, nUde, hda chat x u d n g g i e n g noi cd b u d n g d i e u khien, khu nha d va sinh hoat c h u n g cua m p i n g u d i tren FSO/FPSO; qua c i y noel; -1- San bay (helideck) d u n g de van c h u y e n h a n g v i + H ^ t h d n g p h a t d i e n c h o viec x u i ' t d a u / k h i ; nhan lUc b a n g d U d n g hang k h d n g Tuy t h e o each b d t r i c d n g nang eua FSO/FPSO ma san bay cd t h e d a t trUe t i e p + Bd p h i n va t h i e t bi dien lien q u a n d e n t h i e t bj c d n g len noe k h u nha d hoac n h d phfa bien; nghe; + He t h d n g cau (crane) d u n g de cau nhac cac t r a n g + C i c he t h d n g k h i c k h d n g de cap d tren n h u he t h d n g s i n xuat v i / h o i c xtf ly m e t h a n o l , he t h d n g khtf m u d i ; t h i e t bi, n h u yeu p h a m p h u c v u qua t r i n h hoat d p n g eua FSO/FPSO hoac c o n g viec san xuat; -I- He t h d n g ^ p via: b o m true t i e p n u d c hoac khf d d n g + Can d u d e (flare b o o m ) la he t h d n g d u n g de d d t khf h a n h x u d n g via d e d i m b i o d u y tri ap s u i t via; d d n g h a n h va khf t U nhien x u a t hien t r o n g q u i trinh k h o a n t h i m d d , khai t h i c ( k h d n g t h i i trUe t i e p vao mdi trudng); -I- He t h d n g d n g c d n g nghe va dieu k h i e n ; + bj He hang thdng hii thiet (navigation equipments); -I(b) Hinh Neo SALM dgng phao tru noi khdp vdi day bien (a) v neo SALM dang thdp hen kit co dmh vdi ddy biin bdng hi coc (b) He t h d n g eUu sinh, eUu hda N h u cau va thUc t r a n g sif d u n g FSO/FPSO khai thac d a u k h i t r e n t h e m luc dja V i e t N a m d V i e t N a m cac m d m d i d u p c p h a t hien va cac m d d u kien khai thac d e u d d p s i u d u d i m nude va la m d bien ve g d c d p k i n h te Oe khai thac hieu q u i e i e m d ngoai k h o i , can n g h i e n (a) h Neo thdp ngodi (a) vd neo thdp (b) (b) cUu i p d u n g he t h d n g khai 53 C N G NGHE - CONG TRINH DAU KHI Bdng Cdc kho chita noi dd vd dang sir dung tgi cdc md cua Viet Nam T i n cdng trinh TT i J • OM FS0MV19 OM FSO Rang Dong MV17 OM Rang D6ng * FPSO T h i i Binh Vi^t Nam FSO Queens Way i! ' \ • FS0MV12 FPSO j 10 Dang 18.000 thCing dau /ngay Thap ngo&i -/360.000 thung 30.000 th Ling dau/ngay -/350.000 thung 60.000 thung dau/ngay 53.000 thung dau/ngay/ 80 trieu ft^ tieu chuan/ngay -/300.000 thung khai thic | Rdng Odi ] Thap ngo^i S6ng 06c • Thip ngoii Rang 06ng Thap n g o i i Rang 06ng Thap n g o i i Su TCf Oen 800.000 thung OM "• -/1.000.000 thung OM *" 1S9.878MT/ 1.140.015 thung 130.000 thung dau/ngay Thip ngoii Su TCf Ving 141.000DWT/ 1.000.000 th Cing 30.000 thiing dau/ngay/ 17 trieu f t ' k h f tieu chuan/ng^y Thip ngoii Ruby 141.000DWT 30.000 thiing dau/ngSy Thip ngoii Ruby 134.430DWr ** ** CALM Dai Hiing CALM M6 Rdng 65.000 thijng dau/ngay/ 19,5 trieu ft^ tieu chuan/ngay FPSO Ruby Princess • HC FPSO Ruby Princess II HC FSO Kamari HC FSO 8a Vi HC Bralanta oil tanker 1.000.000 thung Krym oil tanker 150.500DWT/ 975.000 thung 70.000 thung dau/ngay CALM Bach H i ^ ** « « " 1.000.000 thung 70.000 thiing dau/ngay CALM Bach H62 150.000DWT/ " ** « „ FSO Chf Linh HC FSO Chi L a n g * HC FSO Vietsovpetro 01 OM FSO PTSC B?ch H FSO SUTU V i n g !.7 Dang neo Prostorloil tanker 12 •1 J13 !'« «, "* M6 K h i nang xuf ly dau/khi siJfc chul^ HC ! 11 ; 14 Trong tail Ten, dang t i u hoan c i i DM OM Suemax « « 1.000.000 thung 150.000DWT Thip ngoii Bach H i Thap ngoai Bach H i Thip ngoii Su TCf Ving FSOOrkid HC Aframax 745.000 thiing 42.900 thiing dau/ngay CALM Bunga Orkid FPSO Lew/ek Emas HC " 683.000 thiing 50.000 thiing dau/ngay T h i p Chim Sio [•• • i Ghl chii: ' * ; cdc cdng trlnh dd tC/ng dugc khai thdc tgi Viit Nam hiin dd dugc ly hoc ki,'—": khdng dp dung, DM: dgng ddng mdi; HC: dgng hodn cdi thic theo quan diem "giin v i cic trang thiet bj phii phu Rang Odng (JVPC), Ruby, Topaz v i Pearl (PCVL), SUTCf hpp" Oip Ung quan diem niy md hinh stf dung cic giin Oen/Su Ttf Trang (Cuu Long JOC), Bunga Orkid (TML), d i u gieng kieu giin nhe k i t hpp mdt FSO/FPSO cd cdng Rdng Odi (KNOC), Chim Sio (Premier Oil) Ngoii ra, cic suit thfch hpp cho q u i trinh khai thic, chufa, xtf ly v i xuit md mdi da v i dang cd ke hoach phit trien xiy dung d i d i u thi chi phi dau tU ban dau cung nhU chi phi tri va dUa v i o khai t h i c giai doan 2011 - 2015, bao gdm ly giii b i n md se l i thap nhit Hiin nay, eie md d i u dang khai thac d Viet Nam chu y i u deu stf dung FSO/FPSO de ehCfa d i u khai t h i c tU giing Idn rdi van chuyen ve bd bing cic tau trung chuyin Mdt sd md dang khai thic stf dung kho ehCfa ndi c i cac gian khai t h i c v i he thdng kho ehUa ndi nhU: Te Giic Trang, Hii SuOen/Tring, MdcTinh - HiiThach, Lam San, Thing Long - Odng Od, Ld B - Mdn, Him Rdng, Meo Tring, Giu Tring, Vol Tring, Kinh NgU (Bing 1) Theo k i hoach phat triin md cua Tip doin Diu khf 6i phuc vu q u i trinh khai thic d i u gdm Bach Hd v i Qudc gia Viet Nam, nhu ciu sCf dung FSO/FPSO d Vi§t Nam Rdng (Vietsovpetro) k i t ndi vdi cic md l i n can nhU: Ci tUOng lai l i r i t Idn NgCf Ving (Hoan Vu JOC), Odi Mdi (VJR), Oai Hung (PVEP), 54 DiUKHl SO 3/2013 PETROVIETNAM Oiiu kiin moi trUdng bien tai cac khu vUc md khai thic diu trin them luc dja Viet Nam Oiiu ki^n mdi trudng bien la duf lieu diu vio quan trpng qui trinh thiit k i , dinh g i i lUa chpn cdng trinh bien eho md dU djnh khai thic v i inh hudng true t i i p d i n thdng sd hinh dang, dp ben (lien quan d i n lupng tdn sit th6p ddng mdi v i bd sung hoin cii) Hien nay, bd sd li§u thdng sd mdi trudng bien Viet Nam tai mdt sd vung trim tfch d i dupe Cue Oang kiem Viet Nam dinh gii xCf ly Oiy l i bd sd lieu cd the stf dung giai doan thiet ke so bd cho cic cdng trinh khai thac diu khf tren them luc dja Vi§t Nam (trong giai doan thiet ke chi tiit cin phii ed sd li&u mdi trUdng biin cho tCfng Id, vi tri ma cdng trinh du kiin khai thic) kieu, thong sd ky thuit phu hop vdi dieu kien mdi trudng bien, tinh chat eua loai dau, cdng suit khai thac cua md eho tUng dii dieu kien khai thac tai eie md du djnh khai thac.Thdng sd eua FSO/FPSO can thiet de lUa chpn ddi vdi mdt md khai thic dau la sUc chufa va cdng suit xCf ly Oic diem va gii mpt FSO/FPSO de khai thic tai mpt md phu thudc vao: Ke hoach khai thic, sin xuit cua md theo thdi gian Yeu td inh hudng den quy md eua he thdng xCf ly, kich thudc va bd tri cic khoang ket Oiy chi'nh l i yiu td diu vio de lUa chpn nang chUa, xU ly va xuat dau eho FSO/FPSO Khi nang chUa va xCf ly eua FSO/FPSO phu thudc vio: Theo nhQng nghien eCfu v i sd lieu mdi trUdng bien tai cic vung trim tich d i dupe Cue Oang kiim Viet Nam thue hi^n v i sd Wio thiit k i , chi tao cua eie cdng trinh tren t h i m luc dia Vi§t Nam cd t h i tdng hpp cic die trung v i sd lieu mdi trUdng phuc vu thiit k i cdng trinh bien theo cic vung trim tich (Bing 2) + Tdc dp xtf ly sin pham va chu ky xuit sin pham: yeu td inh hudng din kich thUde va dung tich cua kho chUa, quy md eua trang thiet bi xtf ly; + Sd lupng sin pham khic eua sin pham sau xtf ly so bp; + Yeu ciu v i nang luu trU dem (buffer storage); Khi hoin t i t vi§c phin tfch sd lieu mdi trudng, dac trUng q u i trinh sin xuit tai md (so dd cdng nghe xii ly) cd t h i djnh d^ng cic kfch thudc, hlnh dang thin vd eua FSO/ FPSO v i cic yeu ciu nhU: lupng chiem nUPe, mdn nude khdng t i i v i mdn nudc diy t i i phu hpp vdi dieu kien md v i diiu kiin thdi tiit tai thim luc dia Viet Nam + Oac trUng eua dau giing; + Tdc dp v i i p luc cua khf v i nudc ep via; + Nhiet dd cua dau cic ket sau xtf ly Chieu siu nUde va dieu kien mdi trudng tai khu vtfe khai thac inh hudng den he neo v i yeu cau v i diiu kien dp ben cua cdng trinh LUa chon thdng so cua FSO/FPSO phu hofp vci dieu kiin khai thic cdc md tai Viit Nam Bdng Van toe ddng chay Idn nhdt dedc khu vuc[18] Cd y§u ciu chi'nh inh hudng den kfch thudc cua FSO/FPSO: Khu - Viic d i m bio ning chUa dau tuong thfch vdi tdc dp xCf ly v i ke hoach xuit dau (khoing thdi gian du djnh giUa hai lan xuat diu); Oim bio khdng gian eua thupng ting du an toin eho viic lip d i t he thdng xCf ly khu vtfe Van toe dong trieu (m/s) Van toe d6ng gio (m/s) Van tdc dong chiy bio (m/s) 0,79 0,36 3,31 0,70 0,28 3,40 0,32 2,79 0,26 3,43 038 3,58 i^ ^ sinh ho^t nhi d; Lupng chiim nudc v i ning din du de giim i n h hudng giy cic chuyen ddng cua cdng trinh \in h i thdng xit ly va he dng riser; Bdng Gid trj chieu cao sdng Hmax (m) tuang iing vdi cdc chukyldp[1 Chu ky lap, nim 25 SO 100 Khdng gian du kiin bd tri he thip neo (thip trong, thip ngoii) v i lupng chiim nude gay i n h hudng cua Itfe cing he neo lam giam ning chufa eua cdng trinh 17,6 18,3 19,0 17,3 17,9 18,5 16,9 17,6 18,4 16,0 16,7 17,3 0$c diim cua cic FSO/FPSO dupe thiit k i 15,3 15,8 16,3 Diu nri-sd 3/2013 55 CONG NGHE - C6NG TRJNH DAU KHf Cic yeu ciu qui trinh hoat dpng (ci qui trinh van hanh va keo biin) khai thic va dp tin cay cua cong trinh Cic yeu cau ve khong gian lap dat he thdng thiet bi xii ly tren boong v i khu vUc sinh hoat Vi tri v i cich thUe xuat sin pham cho tau trung chuyen (cip man - side by side hay bd tri phia sau tandem) Odi vdi trudng hpp tau trung chuyen cap man cin phii bd tri he thdng chdng va xem xet ning va cham cdn bd trf trUde sau thi khdng can xet den ning niy - Tudi thp khai thic du kien Tiin hanh dinh gii v i xem xet cic yeu td sau diy dUa tren cic thdng sd diu vio neu tren de xic djnh FSO/FPSO diu tu ddng mdi, hoin cii hay di thue FSO/FPSO: + Tfnh kinh t i cua d u i n vdi tUng trudng hpp (trUdng hpp hoin cii phu thude rat nhieu vao die diem kinh te, ky thuit cua t i u du kiin djnh hoin cii); + Tudi thp cua md va cich thUe khiu hao cdng trinh theo tudi thp cua md; + Gii tri cdn lai eua he thdng sau sCf dung; + Khi ning sCf dung tiep (tii sCf dung d eie md khic) Cich don giin de lUa chpn ning chUa cua FSO/ FPSO l i xic djnh lupng diu thd Idn nhit dU dinh xuit eho t i u chung chuyen v i tfnh them cdng suit dU phdng Thdng thudng lupng dU phong eho phep lUu trU them lupng diu sin xuit ngiy vdi cdng suit van hanh Idn nhit d i phdng trUdng hpp tau trung chuyen den chim v i chd diiu kien thdi tiet thuan Ipi cho viec xuit diu Odi cd the linh hoat bing cich giim cdng suit van hinh xiy tinh hudng bit Ipi Odi vdi nhufng md cd sin lupng khai thic dudi 40.000 thung/ngiy chi can sCf dung FSO/FPSO dang khdng tu hinh cd trpng t i i tU 600.000 - 800.000 thung (tUOng dUOng 84.000 - 110.000 tan) va ning xtf ly 60.000 thung/ngiy Hien nay, tren the gidi ed xu the ddng nhCfng FSO/FPSO dang vCfa v i nhd de t i i t kiem chi phf dau tU ban diu cung nhu giim chi phi bio dudng qui trinh van hinh Theo phin tfch so bd ve trijf lupng, dieu kien hda tfnh cua diu khai thic cua cac md dau dViet Nam, ddi vdi eie md cd quy md vCfa v i nhd chf ein stf dung kho chufa ndi cd sufc chufa 500.000 - 800.000 thung (tuong dUOng khoing 75.000 - 110.000 tin) va stf dung neo dang CALM, SALM 56 I • sd 3/2013 (ddi vdi dang dupe chuyen ddi tU t i u diu) hoic turet ngoai (ddi vdi dang ddng mdi) Odi vdi nhCfng vung nude ndng, dieu kien mdi trudng tuong ddi em hda nhU khu vUc vung bien Tay Ci Mau (vung V) ed the xem xet phuang an sCf dung FSO/FPSO dupc hoin cii tU tau diu stf dung he neo chum Khi sCf dung he neo chum, cdng trinh khdng the xoay theo tic dpng cua dieu kien mdi trUdng (tii trpng mdi trUdng tic dpng len he ting) Phuong i n niy ed the giam thieu dupe he thdng ngam (cum PLEM), cac dng riser cd the bit trifc tiep len he gii treo dng dupe lip dit hai ben man Giii phap dong mdi FSO/FPSO Theo tdng kit cua co quan dang kiem Lloyd's Register (Vuong qudc Anh), tren t h i gidi hien cd khoing 60% kho chUa ndi dupc ddng mdi, 40% cdn lai dupe chuyen ddi tif tau chd dau FSO/FPSO dupe thiet ke v i che tao mdi cd cic tfnh nang thi'ch hpp hon ddi vdi eae muc di'eh die biet (stf dung khai thic sdm cic md sau phit hien, thda di^u kien khdng can len d i kiem tra djnh ky qui trlnh khai thic ) hoac khai thic dieu kien mdi trudng bien khac nghiet hay de stf dung liu dii (vf du tudi thp khai thic Idn hon 15 nim) NhUng Uu diem chu yeu cua giii phip ddng mdi FSO/FPSO: + Thdng sd eua cdng trinh phu hpp vdi die trung cua md du kien khai thic; + De dang xac djnh dupe tudi thp thiet k i v i tudi thp md Ung vdi mdt md nhit djnh; -H De ding kiem soit nhufng rui ro cd the xiy vi mat kinh t i , ky thuit va mdi trUdng; + He thdng dUpe thiit k i thda nhufng vung c6 dieu kien mdi trudng khic nghiet; + Khi ning thuong mai v i gii trj cdn lai cua cdng trinh sau stf dung cao Mdt sd nhupe diem cua giii phip ddng mdi FSO/ FPSO: -i- Chi phf diu tu ban diu Idn; + Thdi gian triin khai dUin d i i v i chi phi quin ly Idn Giii phip hoin cii t i u chd diu thinh FSO/FPSO Giii phip chuyen ddi t i u chd diu thinh FSO/FPSO thay vi phii thiit k i v i chi tao mdi la giii phip dupe PETROVIETNAM nhiiu n h i khai t h i c stf dung, d i e biet ddi vdi md vung ed dieu kien mdi trudng bien tuong ddi em hda nhu d i i u ki^n bien Viet Nam Hien ed hOn 2/3 cac cdng trinh b i i n dang t i u dang khai thac tren the gidi dupe h o i n c i i tCf cic t i u d i u Odi vdi nhUng md can bien, FSO/FPSO dupe h o i n c i i tU t i u chd dau td Uu viet han so vdi ddng mdi chi phf ban dau bd ft va nhanh chdng dupe dUa v i o khai thac Khi tau chd d i u dupe sCf dung de hoan c i i FSO/FPSO, IMO khdng b i t budc p h i i thda m i n cic Quy djnh 19 va 20 Phu luc eua Cdng ude MARPOL [19], trU dupe chfnh q u y i n hang h i i cua qudc gia ven bien ma cdng trinh khai t h i c tai dd quy djnh Oieu chu yeu i n h hudng den yeu cau bd tri d i n va yeu cau ve vd kep Thdng thudng ddi vdi FSO/FPSO ddng mdi chi can thda man dieu kien man kep de chdng va neu la dang khdng tU hanh Hi§n nay, FSO/FPSO dang dupe hoan cii tU tau chd d i u d i dupe xem xet xiy dUng eho cac vung bien eP dieu ki^n mdi trUdng tuong ddi khic nghiet Sd lupng cac tau chd d i u thich hpp vdi viec chuyen ddi (la nhUng tau dap Ung ddng thdi c i dieu kien kinh te v i ky t h u i t chuyen ddi) t h i n h FSO/FPSO cang ft di 6.1 So sdnh diim khdc qud trinh thiit ki, vdn hdnh khai thdcgiOa tdu chd ddu vd FSO/FPSO 6.1 h Tdng quan ve kich thude ea bdn eua tdu eha ddu vd FSO/FPSO Mdi tuong quan giUa cac kfch thudc chu yeu anh hudng den cic tinh ning khac thiet ke Vi du, viic ting chieu dii eua thin tau se anh hudng den sUe ehCfa, ting luc neo budc va md rdng vung nguy hiem, inh hudng d i n chi phf Thdng thudng chi phi che tao FPSO nhd nhit ty sd L/B (chieu dai dac trUng/chieu rdng die trung) l i nhd n h i t Chiiu chim phii dat tdi da so vdi chieu dai va chieu rdng Chiiu rdng cung phii dat tdi da so vdi dien tich mit boong thiet ke Mae du chieu chim la tham sd kich thudc nhd nhit nhung lai l i yeu td inh hudng toan bd den ning ehtfa eua FPSO, ngoai chieu chim cung phii du Idn d i trinh hien tupng vd day (bottom slamming) qua mufc H i sd beo the tich eua FPSO phii dat tdi da de tang sufc chufa v i ting hieu qui stf dung cua cdng trinh Theo cic sd lieu thdng ke cua HSE [ 13,14,15]: Ty sd L/B (chiiu d i i die trung/chieu rdng die trung) v i T/D (chiiu cao man/chieu chim cUc dai) cua cic kho chCfa ndi dang dupe chuyen ddi tU t i u chd diu Idn hon so vdi dang ddng mdi SU phan phdi trpng lupng va lUc day ndi tren cac kho chUa ndi dang dupc ddng mdi cd the khac dang ke so vdi dang dupe chuyen ddi tUtau chd dau dan den kit qua cd sU khac biet Idn giUa cac hieu Ung tren nUdc dupe tfnh toan va cic gia tri cho phep dupc xac dmh theo quy pham Ty sd giUa md men udn sagging va hogging theo phuong dUng giy sdng tren kho chUa ndi dang dupe dong mdi (khoang -1,33) Idn han so vdi cac kho chUa ndi dang dupe chuyen ddi t U t i u chd diu (khoang 0,72 - 1) Oieu eho thay eae he sd an toan ddi vdi dang pha huy md men udn sagging va hogging l i rat khac / Cdc yeu to thiet ke van hdnh Trong mpt sd trudng hpp, dieu kien hoat ddng cua cdng trinh bien dang tau ed the phUc tap han so vdi tau chd dau: nhiet dd cua dau chUa cac khoang cao hon, sd chu trinh nhap va xuat hang nhieu hon Cdng trinh bien dang tau chiu tai trpng tuong ddi Idn so vdi tau chd dau phai bd tri them mpt sd thiet bi thuong tang va eie trang thiet bj xU ly lam tang tai trpng t i c ddng len k i t cau boong va nang cao tpa dd trpng t i m eua cong trinh so vdi tau chd dau ban dau Vi v i y cac yeu td can dupe xem xet chi tiet kiem tra dieu kien ben, man khd, dn dinh nguyen ven, dn dinh tai nan Bing the hien sU khac biet chinh giUa tau chd dau va FSO/FPSO q u i trinh hoat ddng [1, 3,6, 7,8,16] 6.2 Cdc dgng tdu chd ddu phii hdp vdi diiu kiin chuyin ddi thdnh FSO/FPSO Can eU nhUng yeu td, dac diem khac co b i n giUa cac the he tau chd dau da dupe thiet ke va che tao lich stf tau dupe phan nhu sau: The he dupe thiet ke va che tao giai doan tU n i m 1970 - 6/1982, la cac tau vd don co kich thuPe Idn ehUa Ung dung eae phuong phap sd de tinh toan nen mUe dp chinh xac khdng cao, doi hdi mUe dd dU trU ve dp ben Idn.Thep stf dung de che tao tau giai doan phan Idn la thep thudng nen kfch thudc cua k i t cau va lupng dU trU an mon tuong ddi Idn Cdng nghe ddng tau cdn nhieu han che (cdng nghe han va kiem tra chat lupng mdi han), dp tin cay eua cdng trinh khdng cao Oau the ky XXI la thdi diem thuan Ipi cho q u i trinh chuyen ddi t i u chd dau kho ehUa ndi kich thudc k i t cau tuong ddi Idn phii hpp vdi viec hoan cai (FPSO Ruby Princess da dUpc khai thac tai md Ruby la dang dupe D/UJUH so 3/2013 57 C O N G N G H E - C O N G TRJNH D A U K H [ h o i n c i i t U t i u c h d d i u t r o n g giai d o a n n i y ) H o n nUa g i i c h u y e n d d i t r o n g t h d i gian d i i (vf d u 10 n i m h o i c l i u t h i n h cua t a u d a n g tai t h d i d i e m d d t h a p d o t h d i gian h o n nUa) Tau d u p c d d n g t r o n g giai d o a n c h u y i u l i khai thac da l i u ( g i n 30 nam) l i yeu t d t h u a n Ipi de c i n v d d o n , m d t sd ed d i y d d i (ehCi y e u la t a u d d n g sau n i m n h i e lua c h p n Hien nay, nhUng t a u d a n g hau h i t da 1990) Hien nay, nhufng t i u c h d d a u d u p e t h i e t k i v i c h i c h u y i n d d i t h a n h kho chUa ndi h o i c d i t h a n h ly, sd t i u t a o t r o n g giai d o a n c d g i i t h a n h re (do t u d i t h p khai c o n lai c u n g k h o n g t h e d e m c h u y e n d d i dupe d o m p t sd t h a c Idn (tren 20 n i m ) v i p h i i loai b d t h e o q u y d j n h cua nguyen n h i n : IMO ve v d kep + C i c t i u c h d d a u d a n g la nhUng t i u v d d o n Quy d i n h ve v d kep hay d u p e sCf d u n g d d i vdi c i c FSO/ n e n k h d n g p h u h p p vdi q u y d j n h ky t h u i t hien h i n h l i t d i FPSO d e p h d n g t r i n h cac rui ro d o va c h a m h o i c m i c can t h i e u FSO/FPSO p h i i cd k i t cau m a n kep, ddi vdi nhUng d i c h u y e n n h t f n g hien chfnh q u y e n h i n g h i i cua v u n g c d k h i n a n g va c h a m vdi d i y bien cdn p h i i yeu cau m d t sd q u d c gia v e n b i i n c h i yeu cau FSO/FPSO thda man t h e m d i y d d i (van d e van cd t h e k h i c phuc b i n g c i c h d i e u kien m a n kep t h e o k h u y e n c i o eua IMO neu tai Nghi b d sung m i h o p (sponson) n h u n g chi p h i k h i t d n kem) + V i t lieu c h i t a o da b| lao hoa, de k h i c phuc can kinh p h i d a u t u l d n ma c d n g t r i n h sau chuyen d d i lai ed t u d i t h o khai t h i c k h d n g dai n e n k h d n g m a n g t f n h k h i thf q u y e t MEPC.139(53).Tau c h d d a u v d d o n van cd k h i nang t h d a m a n y e u c i u v i m a n kep sau c h u y e n ddi b i n g each b d s u n g t h e m k i t c i u n h u d a n g m a h o p (sponsons) O d i v d i FSO/FPSO khai t h i c d v u n g b i e n it c d k h i n i n g va c h a m day (xa b d , dja h i n h k h d n g phUe tap) t h i chfnh + Q u y d j n h cua Nha nUdc Viet Nam ve gidi han t u d i t i u da q u a sCf d u n g d i n g ky lan d i u tai Viet Nam k h d n g q u y e n hang hai cua q u d c gia v e n bien hien ehl y^u ciu d a m bao d i e u kien m a n kep q u i 15 n i m FSO/FPSO d u p e c h u y e n d d i t U t i u c h d d a u t h i h^ niy T h i he d u p c t h i e t ke v i che tao t U t h i n g 6/1982 - h o a n t o a n ed t h e d i m b i o d u p e d i e u kien khai t h i c 7/1996, l i nhCfng t i u c h d d a u cd kich t h u d c k i t c i u m d n g v d n g 10 n a m va t h i c h h p p v d i e i e m d n h d ed t u d i t h p khai h o n so vdi t h i he K i t cau t a u t r o n g giai d o a n da suf thac n g a n NhU v i y , viec h o i n c i i cac t a u c h d d i u d u n g t h i p cUdng d d cao l i m g i i m t r p n g l u p n g k i t c i u t h e p v i dupe t h i e t ke t d i u u d o sCr d u n g p h u o n g p h i p PTHH d e t i n h t o i n Oieu c u n g i n h h u d n g d e n viec t i n g k h i n i n g xuat hien cac vet nUt m d i va k h i n i n g an m d n t r o n g q u a t r i n h khai t h i c k h o ehUa ndi sau d u p e giai d o a n n i y h o i n t o i n ed k h i n a n g n h u n g c i n lUu y d e n t u d i cua t a u t r u d e t i e n h a n h c h u y e n d d i G i i tri c d n g t r i n h sau c h u y e n d d i t U t a u c h d d a u k h d n g cao Tau d a n g n i y d Viet N a m hien hau n h u k h d n g cd NhU v i y , t r d ngai Idn n h i t eua viec lUa c h p n d a n g t a u d i Bdng Sukhdc biit chinh giifa tdu chd ddu vd FSO/FPSO qud trinh hogt dgng FSO/FPSO O i i u ki^n ihiet ke la moi trudng song bien Bic ! Oai T i y Duong Sdng c6 chu ky lap tU 20 - 25 n i m j Chu yeu l i t i c dpng cua song Gidi han so lUpng cac chu trinh chat va d d t i i , q u i trinh n i y duoc thuc hien cang hoac khu VUC duoc che c h i n Dieu kien thiet ke la moi trudng bien tai khu vuc diikien khai t h i c v i t u y i n hang h i i d u d i n h keo (keo tUdia diem dong mdi tdi mo khai t h i c h o i c kiotii md vao u de sUa chtfa) Song CO chu ky lap 100 nam Tic dpng cua gio va dong chay cung k h i dang ke Q u i trinh chat va d d tai thudng xuyen va q u i trinh n i y thudng thUc hi§n ngoai mP chju anh hudng true tiep cua dieu kien thdi t i i t Cic dieu ki^n t i i trpng ft Nhieu dieu kien tai trpng khic va nhieu trang t h i i trung gian K h o i n g 70% thdi gian khai thac ngoai bien Gan 100% thdi gian khai thac ngoai bien C6 the t r i n h dupc dieu kien thai tiet > b i t Ipi q u i trinh khai t h i c Khai thac tai vj tri co dinh, v i y p h i i chiu dUpc c i c yeu td bat Ipi cua d i i u kien mdi trudng bien tai khu vuc khai t h i c i Phii djnh ky v i o u kiem tra sifa chiJfa C6 t h i dupc thiet ke lam viec lien tuc khong p h i i v i o u sUa chufa (trif c i c sau n i m trudng hpp sU co d i e biet) ( Khdng c6 trang thiet bi thupng tang C6 thiet bj thupng tang (he thong trang t h i i t bi xii ly l i p d i t u ^ n m i t boong), vi vay can p h i i xem xet anh hudng cua q u i trinh tuong t i c giOa thuong t i n g va k i t cau mat boong _ _ _ PETROVIETNAM chuyin ddi l i quy djnh cua Nha nUdc ve gidi han tudi eua t i u da qua sCf dung dang ky lan dau tai Viet Nam Cac kich thudc co ban eua tau chd dau va kha nang chtfa cua nd; The he l i t i u chd dau vd kep 6\iac thiet ke va chi tao tCf thing 7/1996 - 2006 Giai doan nay, OPA90 chfnh thufe ed hieu lUc dd eie tau chd dau phai 6\Jac thiit k i dang vd kep va suf dung thep cudng dp cao d mdt sd khu vtfe quy djnh Ndi chung, cac tau chd diu dupe thiit ke va che tao giai doan deu thda cic yeu cau d i t de chuyen ddi FSO/ FPSO Viec chuyen ddi de dang thdi gian khai thac ngin (dudi 15 nam), ed the nhap khau dang t i u de chuyen ddi thinh FSO/FPSO Ngoai ra, chat lupng tdn sit thep cdn tdt va deu la cac tau dang vd kep nen khdi lupng tdn sit thep can bd sung de hoan cai ft Kho ehCfa sau dupe chuyen ddi tU dang tau dap Ung 6uac cic yeu cau khit khe eua chfnh quyen hing hii eae qudc gia ven bien (diiu kien vd kep) Cdng trinh sau chuyen ddi sang FSO/FPSO cd g i i trj cao, chi phf d i u tu ban d i u khdng Idn Dang tau chd dau (Suezmax, Panamax hoac VLCC, ULCC) Hau hit cac tau chd dau cd Idn deu cd kha nang dupe lUa chpn de hoan cai FSO/FPSO Odi vdi tau dang Suezmax va Panamax, kha nang chUa cua FSO/FPSO sau chuyen ddi se nhd hon 1,5 trieu thung dau, ddi vdi tau dang VLCC sau chuyen ddi cd the ehUa nhieu hon 1,5 trieu thung dau Cac tau chd dau dang VLCC, ULCC ed the hoan cai FSO/FPSO cd sUe chUa Idn (tren 150.000DWT); Thi he l i tau chd dau vd kep duoc che tao tU nam 2006 d i n tuan thu theo quy pham chung (CSR) cua Hiip hdi Td chufc Phin cap Qudc te (lACS) Tau dang cdn rit mdi (thdi gian khai thic dudi nam), viec hoin cii thinh FSO/FPSO thuan Ipi trang thiet b| mdi, ning t i n dung cao Do cac yeu cau cao qua trinh thiet ke ket cau cong trinh theo quy pham chung nin lupng tdn sit th^p can bd sung chuyen ddi khdng nhiiu, qui trinh tu bio dUdng sau chuyen ddi it tdn kim, cd ning khai thic thdi gian dai, gia tri cua cdng trinh sau chuyen ddi cao Tuy nhien, chi phi diu tu ban diu Idn, hOn nUa t i u the he it ban tren thj trudng 6.3 NhOhg diim cdn lUu y qud trinh chuyin ddi tdu chd ddu thdnh FSO/FPSO Cic diiu ki§n tien quyet sau phai dupc xem xet lua chpn mdt tau chd dau de chuyen ddi FSO/FPSO: Gii cua tau diu dudjnh stf dung de hoin cii; Vung hoat ddng v i Ijch stf stf dung cua tau trudc hoin cii: khu vUe hoat ddng (tuyin hoat ddng); cic diiu ki&n hoat ddng (lich stf hoat ddng), day chinh la eae yiu td liin quan den tdn thuong mdi eua kit cau cdng trinh; Cdng suit xCf ly dU kiin v i nang chUa cua FSO/ FPSO sau 6\Jac chuyin ddi; Od b i n du truf v i tudi thp mdi thiet ke ban dau; Tudi tau (nam ddng): lien quan den chat lUpng eua vat lieu (kha nang b| lao hda hoac bi mdi); Bd trf kit cau than vd (vd don, man kep day dOn, vd kep hay diy ddi man don); Trang thai cua kit cau than vd: hien trang thUe te cua kit cau (an mdn, thay the, bao dudng ) Odi vdi phan kit cau, dieu quan trpng can xem xet chfnh la lupng thep bd sung can thiet de hoan cai khdng dupc qua Idn; Xem xet ning tai stf dung he thdng may mde va trang thiet bj hien cd cua cac tau chd dau (stf dung ludn hoac nang cap theo eae mUe dp khac vao tinh trang thUc te va yeu cau cu the hoan cai) tren FSO/ FPSO sau hoan cai Oiy la yeu td quan trpng de giim chi phi dau tU ban dau, song thUc hien phai xem xet chi tiet Cac thiet bj va he thdng cd kha nang xem xet de t i i stf dung (xem xet de nang cap) gdm [3,4, 5, 9,11,12]: he thdng may chi'nh va may dU phdng, he thdng may phit dien, ndi hoi tu dot (ndi hoi phu) va ndi hai kinh te, he thdng khdi dpng bing khf va he thdng khf cu, he thdng dng (dng dan dau va dng dan), he thdng thuy luc mat boong, he thdng hut khd, he thdng nUdc bien va he thdng cUu hda, he thdng hoi nUdc, he thdng tro va he thdng lam sach dau thd, he thdng dau nhdn, cac bam hang, bam dan va he thdng dieu khien di kem, he thdng thdng tin lien lac, he thdng cap dien va bang dieu khien, he thdng gia nhiet, cac dpng cO, he thdng chiiu sang, he thdng bao Itfa, bao rd ri khi, he thdng trang thiet bi cUu sinh, cUu hda, he thdng chdng an mdn (bao ve bang cathodic), khu vUc nhad Xem xet bd sung cac bd phin, trang thiet bi mdi gdm: he thdng xtf ly so bd dau, he neo (neo chum, neo thip hoac dang neo don) va he thdng dd dng riser, he thdng thap ddt, he thdng trang thiet bj va dieu khien, he thdng xui't dau, san sin bay true thing va eae he thdng di kem, he thdng cau va tam hoat dpng cua chung, he thdng 1-50 3/2013 59 CONG NGHC - CONG TRiNH DAU KHf nude ep via (nhim ting i p suit via de dim bao ning suit khai thic), bien phip bio ve chdng hien tupng nudc trin boong (green-water) nhu vach chin va phuong phip phi sdng Khi chuyen ddi tau chd diu thinh FSO/FPSO ein quan t i m din dieu kien dp bin, vin de dn djnh phai bd sung rit nhieu trang thiet bj xtf ly tren boong nen tpa dp trpng t i m eua he sau chuyen ddi cao Oe dim bio cdng chuyen ddi t i u chd dau FSO/FPSO can xac dinh chinh xic sU phin bd khdi lupng cua cac trang thiet bi thupng tang can phii lip dat (he dng riser, thip dude, khu nhi d va thiit bi thupng tang phai dupe bd tri chi tiit) cung nhu lupng tdn sit thep phii bd sung de dim bio eie yeu cau v i dd bin Oiiu se xac djnh chinh xac dupe man kho tdi thieu, trinh hoac han che lUpng dupe din cd djnh hoac phii ting the tich cic khoang din de diiu khiin dp nghieng, ehui hoic phai bd sung lUe ndi bing cich bd sung cac ma hpp (sponson) Cic trang thiet bj thupng tang dupe chi tao cac module, dupe lip dat tren boong Odi vdi cac kho ehUa ndi dupe hoin cii tUtau chd dau, cic module thiet bj thupng ting dupe dd tren mat boong tai cic vj tri trung vdi eie vi tri sUdn khde bing he thdng cac cdt chdng Nguyen tie dupe chUng minh dem lai hieu qua cao nhat, gdp phan giim thieu chi phi qua trinh hoan cii Do cic sUdn khde thdng thudng eua tau chd dau cd dp diy tU 12 - 16mm v i khong dupe thiit ke de chju t i i trpng cue bp Idn Tii trpng giy cic module thupng tang phin diu tren mdt sd lupng Idn gdi dd, dan den t i i trpng eua eie module giy phu hpp vdi cic sudn khde hien hUu cua tau chd diu Khi ning chju t i i cua cac sUdn khde bj gidi han nen trpng lupng cua mdi module thupng tang se bj gidi han, thudng khdng qui 500 t i n Oieu kien mdi trudng bien tai md dU dinh khai thac bj gidi han dang cdng trinh chi thich hpp vdi nhUng viing bien tuong ddi em hda; I Chi phi van hinh khai thic cdng trinh Idn qui-i trinh thuc hien hoin cii khd dat dupe dp tin cay cao, f tudi eua cdng trinh Idn nen phii tang cic bien phip de ''' giim thieu rui ro; Gii trj cdn lai eua cdng trinh sau khai thic nhd dd gii bin thap Ket luan Tren eo sd phin tich, nhdm tic gii nhin thay viec nghien eUu chi tiit de tim dang FSO/FPSO phu hpp vdi dieu kien kinh te, dieu kien khai thac eua cic md trin thim luc dja Viet Nam l i thuc stf can thiet, gdp phan dim bio an toan, tiet kiem chi phf dau tU, chi phf van hanh (bio tri, stfa ehUa) Trong bii viet niy, nhdm tic gii d i cung ôã cap mdt sd thdng tin co ban de cac nha quin ly/chu dau tu lUa chpn giii phip hieu qui nhat dau tU mdi hoac hoin cii t i u chd diu thinh FSO/FPSO Oe phit triin djch vu ddng mdi, stfa ehUa va nang cap eie kho ehUa ndi FSO/ FPSO d Viet Nam, can cd sUphdi hpp nghien cUu chuySi siu giUa cac nginh (khai thac, phit trien md, cdng tririh bien, ddng tau ), phit huy tdi da ndi lUe de thiet kiva chi tao cdng cic FSO/FPSO phu hop vdi diiu kiln khai thac cua Viet Nam vdi ty le npi dja hda cao nhit, tif d6 tiet kiem ngoai te eho dat nude khdng phii thue tiu hoac ddng cic t i u chUa d nUde ngoii Tai lieu tham khao TCVN 6474-2007 Quy phgm phdn cdp vd gidm sat ky thudt kho chita noi ^ Wanda J Parker, WJP Enterprises and Todd W* 6.4 Ifu, nhUdc diim cda gidiphdp hodn cdi tdu chd ddu Grove FPSO standards and recommended practices thdnh FSO/FPSO American bureau of shipping Odi vdi nhUng md can bien, FSO/FPSO dang dupe hoin cii tUtiu chd diu td uu viet hon so vdi dang ddng mdi chi phi ban dau bd it, cd the t i n dung mdt sd trang thiet bi sin ed, giim khdi lupng giim sit qui trinh trien khai d u i n va nhanh chdng dUa cdng trinh vao khai thac Proposed use of floating production, storage, and offloading systems on the Gulf of Mexico outer continental shelf Western and central planning areas, draf environmental impact statement Minerals management service Gulf of Mexico OCS region August 2000 Tuy nhien, giii phip hoan cai tau chd dau FSO/ FPSO cung cd mdt sd nhupe diem: F.Korbijn, S.Valsgard, O.Bach-Gransmo Strength evaluation of hull girder for ship type floating units DNV Report Number 88-0036.1988 Tudi thp thiet ke eua cdng trinh khdng Idn t i u chd diu trUde dd d i dupc stf dung; Houston, TX FPSOs present and future workshop Presentations PETROVIETNAM u Wanda J Parker, WJP Enterprises and Todd W Grove OTC 13170 FPSO standards and recommended practices American Bureau of Shipping FPSO and shuttle tanker positioning Chris Jenman Global Maritime, Inc 13 OTO 98164 Reliability based design and assessment of FPSO structures 14 OTO 98172 Shuttle tanker and offloading operations at FPSO/FSU's 15 RR083 Margins of safety in FPSO hull strength OTC 16198 Design and conversion of FPSO mystras 16 i Chakrabarti (Ed.) Floating offshore platform T.Terpstra, IHC Gusto Engineering B.V.; G Schouten, Single design Handbook of Offshore Engineering 2005; Buoy Moorings Inc.; L Ursini, Saipem Energy International 17 Nguyen Van Oac Tri/luang dau mo cua Viet Nam FPSO Design & conversion practice Toco Terpstra Oia chat va Tai nguyen Dau Viet Nam Gusto engineering 18 PGS.TS Phan Vin Khdi Bdo cdo de tdi nghiin eiiu 10 OTC 15314 A solution for FPSO module integration cdp bg ve Xi/ly so lieu moi trUdng bien phuc vu cho viec thiet P.A.Thomas,S.Malek, N.Tcherniguin andV Bestel,Technipke cdc cong trinh bien them luc dia Viet Nam Cue Coflexip Oang kiem Viet Nam 11 OTC 13996 FPSOs: Design considerations for the 19 Guilines for the application of the revised MARPOL structural interface hull and topsides M.H Krekel, Bluewater Annex I Requirements to floating production, storage and offshore production systems (USA) Inc., M.L Kaminski, offloading facilities (FPSOs) and floating storage units Maritime Research Institute Netheriands (MARIN) (FSUs) Resolution MEPC.l 39(53) 12 UKOOA FPSO Design guidance notes for ukcs service March 2002 Selection of FSO/FPSO new builiding and conversion solutions for offshore oil fields on the continental shelf of Vietnam Nguyen Ngoc Vinh Vietnam Marine Technology Development and Technical Investment Co.,Jsc (Vimartec) Dinh Khac Minh Shipbuilding Science and Technology Institute Nguyen TatHoan Cuu Long Joint Operating Co., Ltd Nguyen Van Diep PTSC Offshore Services Co., Ltd Summary Using floating storage offloading/floating production, storage and offloading (FSO/FPSO) for storage and offloadin process is an effective solution for oil fields which lie in deep waters and far from shore, especially for marginal fiel where the cost of building pipelines proves ineffective There are currently two different trends in the world: (1) building new vessels for fields with harsh environmental conditions or a long life (over 15 years), and (2) converting oil tankers for fields with a short life (less than IS years) or benign environmental conditions such as those in West Africa, Southeast Asia and Brazil The choice between n building and conversion will depend on the results of the economic efficiency analysis of the investment process The article analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each trend under the specific conditions of Vietnam It als amines the characteristics, the advantages and disadvantages of the types of ships that can be converted into FSO/F thus giving managers and investors a more general picture that helps them select the most efficient investment plan ... i u dang khai thac d Viet Nam chu y i u deu stf dung FSO/FPSO de ehCfa d i u khai t h i c tU giing Idn rdi van chuyen ve bd bing cic tau trung chuyin Mdt sd md dang khai thic stf dung kho ehCfa... i dupe Cue Oang kiem Viet Nam dinh gii xCf ly Oiy l i bd sd lieu cd the stf dung giai doan thiet ke so bd cho cic cdng trinh khai thac diu khf tren them luc dja Vi§t Nam (trong giai doan thiet... dieu kien khai thac tai eie md du djnh khai thac.Thdng sd eua FSO/FPSO can thiet de lUa chpn ddi vdi mdt md khai thic dau la sUc chufa va cdng suit xCf ly Oic diem va gii mpt FSO/FPSO de khai thic