I''''leN BOI KHi HflU Vfl PHflT TRI€N B6N VUNG BIEN DOI KHI HAU VA PHAT TRIEN BEN VtfNG CAC DOANH NGHIEP XAY DITNG VIET NAM Th s Nguyen Quang Anh, PGS TS Le Thanh Hk Tru&ng Dgi hgc Kinh ti TP HCM Trin th[.]
I'leN BOI KHi HflU Vfl PHflT TRI€N B6N VUNG BIEN DOI KHI HAU VA PHAT TRIEN BEN VtfNG CAC DOANH NGHIEP XAY DITNG VIET NAM Th.s Nguyen Quang Anh, PGS.TS Le Thanh Hk Tru&ng Dgi hgc Kinh ti TP HCM Trin the gi&i hiin nay, biin ddi hgu dang id van de hit sik: ndng bdng Id mgl Irong nhiing thdch thuc l&n nhat doi v&i todn nhdn logi Irong thi ky21.Sy dm len todn cdu ngdy mgt gia Idng, mitc nu&c biin ddng gdy nen nggp lyt, nhiim mdn ngudn nu&c Biin ddi hgu dd vd dang ldm dnh hudng tr\cc tiip din hi thong kinh li, cde ngdnh nghi khdc Irong dd cd ngdnh xdy dyng Tru&c sy dnh hu&ng cua biin ddi hdu cdc doanh nghiip xdy dyng tgi Viit Nam muon phdt triin ben virng cdn phdi cd nhung gidl phdp di thich ung v&i nhirng tdc dgng cua biin doi hgu Tir khoa: Biln doi hgu, sy tdc dgng ciia biln doi hgu, mye nude bien dang, nggp lyt, nguon nude nhilm m$n 1.2 Tinh lunh BDKH tgi Vi$t Nam Tong quan ve bien dot hau Kit qud phan tich cdc so ligu hgu cho thdy tinh I.L Tmh hinh biin dot hgu tren thi gi&i Theo bdo cdo danh gia cua Uy ban lien ehinh phii hinh biln doi hdu cd nhihig hinh thai nhu sau: Nhigt dp tdng: Trong 50 ndm qua (1958- 2007), vl biln doi hau (BDKH) cdng bo thdng 4/2007 thi sy ndng len ciia trdi ddt la rat rd rang Xu the tang nhi^t dp trung binh ndm d Vigt Nam tdng len khoang nhigt dg 100 nam (1906- 2005) Id 0,1A^C, ldn han 0,5°C den 0,7°C Nhigt dg miia ddng tdng nhanh xu thi tang nhiet dp 100 ndm thdi ky 1901-2000 han nhigt dp miia he va nhigt dg d cdc vyng hgu Rieng d Bdc Cue, nhigt dg da tang \,S'^C gap ddi ty phia Ode tdng nhanh han d cac vimg hdu phia Ig tang trung binh todn cdu Mudi mgt ndm gdn day Nam Nhigt dp trung binh ndm ciia thdp ky gan (1995-2006) nam sd 11 ndm ndng nhdt day (1961- 2000) cao hem trung binh ciia thgp ky ehudi so ligu quan trac duge ke tir ndm 1850 Myc trudc dd (1931- 1960) Nhigt dp trung binh ciia thgp nude biln trung binh toan cdu d2 tdng len vdi ty Ig kJ 1991- 2000 d Hd Npi, Dd Ndng, Hd Chi Minh 1.8 mm/nam thdi ky 1961- 2003 vd deu cao han trung binh cua thgp ky 1931- 1940 lan 3,lmm/nam thdi ky 10 ndm 1993-2003 Tong lugt Id 0,8; 0,4; vd 0,6°C Ndm 2007, nhigt dp trung myc nude bien dang quan trdc dugc Id 0,31m/100 binh ndm d nai tren deu cao han trung binh ciia nam gan day Dien tich bdng d Bdc Cyc thu hgp vdi thgp ky 1931- 1940 la 0,8-1,3°C vd cao hem thgp ky \y le 2.7%/l thdp ky Rieng miia \\h Id 7.4%/l thgp 1991-2000 la 1,4-0,5^ (BgTNMT, 2008/ ky Dign tich cua Idp phu bdng theo miia d Bdc bdn Lugng mua that thudng: Tren timg dja diem, xu cdu gidm 7% ke tii' ndm 1990, rieng miia xudn thi biln doi cua lugng mua trung binh nam gidm tdi 15% Trai Ddt ndng len ed the mang tdi thgp ky vira qua (1911 - 2000) khdng rd rgt theo cac nhihig bat Igi Id: thdi ky vd tren cdc viing khdc nhau: ed giai dogn Mye nude biln ed the dang len eao tir 25 den tdng len va ed giai dogn gidm xuong Lugng mira 140cm sy tan bdng vd se nhan chim mpt viing ndm giam d cdc vung hgu phia Bdc vd tdng d cac ven bien rpng ldn, lam ddt mdt di nhilu viing sdn vimg hgu phfa Nam Tinh trung binh cd xudt ndng nghigp, ddn den ngheo ddi, d|ie bigt d cde nude, lugng mua ndm 50 nam qua (1958nudc dang phdt trien 2007) da giam khoang 2% Thdi tilt thay ddi dan din gia tang tan suat thien tai nhu gid, bao, dgng dat, phun trdo mil lira, hod hoan va lu lyt Dilu ndy khong chi anh hudng din sy sdng ciia loai ngudi mpt cdch tryc tiep vd gay nhirng thigt hgi vl kinh tl md cdn gay nhieu van Ah mdi trudng nghiem trgng khdc Khong Ignh: So dgt khdng Ignh anh hudng tdi Vigt Nam giam di rd r^t hai thap k>' qua Tuy nhien, cac bilu hign dj thudng Igi thudng xuat hign nhu dgt khdng khf Ignh gay ret ddm, xiX hgi keo ddi 38 ngdy thdng va thang nam 2008 d Bdc Bg kinh y*liat Irien BieN 1501 HHI HfiU Vfl PHRT TRIGN 86NV O l ^ Bao: Nhihig ndm gan day, bdo cd cudng dg mgnh xuat hign nhilu han Quy dao bao cd ddu higu djch chuyen dan ve phia nam vd miia bdo kit thiic mugn hon, nhieu can bao ed dudng di dj thudng hdn (BO TNMT, 2003) So ngdy mua phim gidm di ro rgt Thi dy: d Ha npi, trung binh mdi ndm cd 29,7 ngdy mua phiin th§p ky 1961- 1970, gidm xuong cdn 14,5 ngdy/ndm thgp ky 1991- 2000 (Nguyin Dice Ngir, 2008) Nude bien dang: cd anh hudng nghiem trgng din Viet Nam, vdi dudng bd biln keo ddi Myc nude biln cd thi se tdng em nam 2010, 33 cm ndm 2050,45 cm ndm 2070 vd Im ndm 2100 Sd ligu quan trdc tgi cdc trgm hdi vdn dpc ven bien Vigt Nam cho thay toe dp ddng len ciia myc nude bien trung bien trung binh d Vigt Nam hien la khoang 3mm/nam (1993-2008), tuang duong vdi tdc tang trung binh ciia the gidi Trong khodng 50 nam qua, myc nude biln tgi Trgm hai van Hdn Dau dang len khoang 20 em Cf nude ta, muc thigt hai ve kinh te bao lyt d thdp ky dang gia tdng nhanh chdng Trong nhimg nam 1990, thiet hgi kinh te thien tai gay mdi nam ude tinh tuong duong 2% GDR Mgc dii da ed rat nhieu nd lyc vige khdc phyc nhiJng hgu qua ciia BDKH, song thap nien eudi nay, Vigt Nam da phai chiu nhimg thiet hgi nang ne thien tai gdy Ndm 2006, ude tinh ldm 140 nghin Ilia bj nggp, ed han 21 nghin mat trang; 122 nghin hoa mdu bj nggp, gdn 10 nudi trdng thuy sdn bi hu hgi; han nghin tdu thuyen bj chim, hdng; gdn 1,1 trigu m^ ddt dd cdng trinh bj sat Id, bdi lap Tdng thigt hgi bdo lu len tdi 1,2 ty USD Anh hu-dng ciia BDKH den cac doanh nghiep xay dung t^i Viet Nam 2.1 Xdy dung Id mgt nhO-ng nguyin nhdn gdy BDKH Trudc them cdng nghiep hda, hign dai hda, xa hpi ngdy cang phat trien thi mdi trudng ngdy cang bj de dpa d nhilm gdy dnh hudng nghiem trgng den ddi sdng, sue khde eua ngudi Nguyen nhdn ehinh ciia su nhiem mdi trudng khdng khac chi'nh la ban tay ciia ngudi ma nen Trong cdng eugc xdy dyng phdt triln nhu hien thi ngdnh xdy dyng Id mpt ngdnh edng nghiep trpng yeu eua qudc gia nhung eung Id nganh gay d nhilm moi trudng tren quy mo rgng D I dap ii'ng vigc phdt trien vd hign dgi hda dat nude thdi gian khodng 1/4 thi ky qua, ciing vdi qua trinh cdng nghigp hod, hign dai hod ddt nude la qud trinh dd thi hod tuang doi nhanh, nhitng nam gan day Vigt Nam khdng ngirng dau tu vd phat trien kinli tyiiiitliien xay dyng nhieu ea sd hg tang Do dd Idm tdng muc dp d nhiem khdng d eae dd thj, ddc bigt la thudng xdy d cdc thj ldn Trong vdng 15 nam trd Igi ddy, cdc cdng trinh xay dyng gdp phan lam tdng 20% higu img thai nhd kinh tren todn cdu Tren thyc te, ede ngdnh cong nghidp va ndng nghigp da cho thay sy cdi thign bdng cdch giam 22% vd 10% thdi thi thdi tir ede edng trinh xay dyng Igl tdng them 22%, ehi k6m nganh giao thong vgn tai vdi chi so 23% Trong qud trinh xay dyng khdng trdnh khdi vigc cdc cdng trinh thdi byi khdng khi, dnh hudng true tiep den ddi song cdc hp dan cu xung quanh cdng trinh Khdi byi tai nhihig nai ndy dang trd mpt van dl cap bdch Nong dp byi cdc khu dan cu ben cgnh cdc nha may, xi nghigp ho^c gan cdc dudng giao thdng ldn vugt chi so cho phep tir 1,5-3 lan; tai nhitng nai dang xdy dyng nhd eda, dudng xd vugt mirc eho ph6p tir 10-20 l^n Chat thdi ran tir cdc hogt dgng xay dyng Id nhimg ehat thdi nhu dat dd, cdt sgn, ggch ngdi, be tdng, gd, son du thira hoae khdng dat yeu cdu Theo thong ke nam 2008, tdng lugng chdt thai rdn tren toan qudc gdn 28 trigu tan Trong bdo cdo ve ndi dung chudn bj eho "Chuang trinh mye tieu quoc gia ve klidc phyc va cai thign d nhilm mdi trudng giai dogn 20112015" ciia Bp Tdi Nguyen vd Mdi Trudng dua khdi lugng chdt thdi rdn phdt sinh cd nude se tdng len tdi 44 trieu t^n din ndm 2015 Cung theo du bao eua Bp TNMT din nam 2020 khdi lugng ehat thai ran phdt sinh la 68 trigu tdn, nam 2025 s€ la 91 trieu tan, cao gap 2-3 lan hien Ngodi ra, ngdnh xdy dyng Id nganh sd dyng ngudn vat li^u vd nguon tdi nguyen thien nhien (dat nude, nang lugng, khodng sdn, cay xanh ) nhieu nhat de xay dyng cdc edng trinh dan dung, cdng nghigp, giao thdng vd thuy dign Nguyen vgt lieu dau vdo xdy dyng chua dap ung dugc muc tieu bdo vg mdi trudng xanh ddn den viec thdi cae ehdt gay d nhiem mdi trudng khdng nhat: byi la limg, byi PMIO, eae dpe hgi SO^, NOx, CO Nhu chung ta da biit, Vigt Nam la mpt nhimg quoe gia bj d nhiem byi dung tdp 10 tren The gidi Mdi trudng khdng khf xung quanh ciia hau het cde khu vuc thdnh phd deu bi d nhiem byi, dgc bigt Id d cde niit giao thdng, cdc khu vuc cdng trudng xay dyng vd nai tgp trung hogt dpng sdn xuat cdng nghidp Byi PMjjj trung binh nam cua ldn Vigt Nam nhu TR H6 Chi Minh, HdNgi, Da Nang, Hdi Phdng nhin ehung deu vugt ngudng trung binh nam theo khuyen nghi cua WHO (20 (jg/m^) Khi so sanh vdi tieu chuan Viet Nam, hdu hit eae khu vyc ciia Ha Npi vd TP Ho Chi Minh, 29 pieN edi KHI HflU Vfl PHAT TRI6N seN VUIMG Bi6u I: Nong (Iv l*M||)Irung binli nilni lai tram Lang va tr^ni dat lai uong Dai h^c XAv d(iliB H i Ngi (gan dvAiig Giai I'liong) tir 1999 - 2006 250 ll 200 \ n ramUng •^TiaiiiDHXD -TCVN 5937-2005 150 _ 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 i; Trung Idm KTTV Quoc Gia 2007 CEETIA 2005 hgp !a Jilu quan trpng BDKH vd nude bien ddng tde dpng din hg thong hg tAng ky thugt dd thj vd diem ddn cu ndng thdn Phgm VI nggp lyt s5 diln tren dign rgng cao dg nen sg bj dnh hudng, gay nen tinh trgng nhiem mdi trudng dde bigt nghi€m trgng, Idm giam chat lugng cupe song eua cde khu dd thj vd eu dan hg thing hg tang ky thugt ciia dd thj: cap nude, thodt nude, giao thdng, nghTa trang, bdi ehdn Idp ehdt thdi rdn, hg thong sdng ho Do ngn eh|it phd rimg va ehay rimg, rimg dau ngudn ngdy mgt gidm dan den bdo lu cdng xuat hign nhilu vdi cuang dg mgnh, dien bien 2.2 Anh hu&ng cua BDKH den cdc doanh phue tgp tren dign rpng eiia ed nude vd gayranhieu nghidp xdy dyng tai Vift Nam hdu qud nghiem trpng ve ngudi vd cua BDKH khien BDKH Id van de toan cau anh hudng den nhieu tinh trgng lun, syt Id dat dien tgi eae vimg ven ITnh vyc, tdc dpng eiia nd ddi vdi ITnh vyc xdy dyng, bien, sdng, sudn doi, sudn doc xay ngdy cang quy hogch xay dyng vd kien triic d quy mo toan nhieu Nhimg ndm vira qua, biln doi hgu da tdn qudc va timg viing cd nude: phd, ldm hu hdng rat nhilu cdng trinh xay dung, Tac dgng ddi vdi cae hg thong ty nhien (gidi ven edng bien, dudng sa Nude bien dang cd the nhan chim ea sd hg tang giao thdng ven biln tir dudng bp, bien, vimg niii cao, hdi ddo ) dudng sdt, cdng biln, san bay, Hdng ndm, mua Idn Tac dgng den hg thong xd hpi (nai eu trii, cdc khu gayralii lyt, Id dat dd gdy thigt hgi nghiem trgng cho vyc nghi mat, du ljch, cac dl sdn vdn hod, di tich ljch cdc tuyIn giao thdng, lam tdc va anh hudng sii-, tdn gido ) din vigc luu thdng eiia phucmg tign, phd huy tang Tae dpng trye tiep len hg cde hg thong ea sd hg giao thdng va lam tdng khoi lugng cung nhu chi phi tdng : Ca sd hg tang d day duge hiiu la nhitng edng khdng lo eho cdng tdc bao tri Rat nhieu tuyen quoc trinh xay dung thuge tat cd cdc ITnh vye ciia ddi Ig huyet mgch thudng xuyen ehju dnh hudng ngng sdng va sdn xuat nhu xay dyng, ndng lugng, giao ne eiia mua lu nhu: QLIA, 14, 19, dudng Hd Chi thdng van tdi, cdng nghigp, ndng nghigp, du Ijch- Minh, vd hang logt tuyIn qudc Ig khu vyc Tdy Bdc, djeh vy Dde trung cua nhCtng ddi tugng Id thdi mien Trung - Tdy Nguyen gian ton tgi tuong doi ddi, cd thi hdng the ky va ehju Sy tdc dgng eiia nhitng trgn mua lu vdi cudng d0 tac dpng trye tiep va lien tyc ciia hgu, thdi till, vd hign Id BDKH vdi xu hudng ngdy cang gia manh dd va dang phd huy hg th6ng hg tang ky thugt ciia dd thj va diem dan cu nong thdn nh^t la khu vyc tang BDKH se tac dgng tdi tinh tign nghi, tinh hi^u dyng, sire chiu tai, dp ben, dg an toan eiia cac edng Trung va Nam Trung Eg trinh duge thilt kl Vi vdy, cdn ddnh gia tdc dpng BDKH khien nude mua bi nhilm axit rai eua BDKH eho tirng logi ca sd hg tang tirng xuong m$t dat cimg vdi cac hgt mua hay luu Igi dia phucmg eu thi de cd cdc gidi phdp thfeh ung phu khf quyin cung may tren trdi Chinh cac acid 30 ndng dg byi PM,Qcdc ndm gan day vugt quy chuan cho ph6p (50 [ig/m^) O nhiem byi PMiggiita cdc khu vyc mgt dd tlij r4t khde Theo thong ke tir trgm quan trdc nong dg byi PM|Qeua trgm djt tgi trudng Dgi Hpc Xdy Dyng (DHXD) Hd Npi (Gan dudng Gidi Phdng) td 1999 - 2006 thi vj tri chju tde dpng ciia nhilu nguon thai tgi day ed gid trj PMjg trung binh ndm eao han rat nhieu so vdi so lieu tgi trgm Lang khu dan cu Ha Npi, bdi vi Trgm d trudng DHXD gdn dudng giao thdng chinh va xung quanh cd nhilu nha cua, cdc cdng trinh dang xay dung vd cdi tgo kinlit&J'hilttrieii SIGN TOI KHI HRU VR PHRT TRI6N S€N VI '\j^^ da Iam cho nude mua cd tfnh aeid Anh hudng cua mua acid len cdc cdng trinh kiln true la rdt nghiem trpng, cd the phd huy eae edng trinh xay dyng, di tfch vdn hod, ljch sir bdi axit khiln bl mgt xi mang, be tdng, vdi, dd cam thgch, kim idgi, chat bazan va da granit bj Id trdc, dan din tuoi thg nhitng edng trinh bj suy gidm Khi ndi vl tde dpng eua mdi trudng tren sue khoe cua ngudi, khdng the khdng ke den bgnh nghi nghiep Ty le ngudi mdc bgnh nghe nghidp cao nhat (han 40%) id nhdm ngudi thudng xuyen lam vigc mdi trudng byi nhu: edng nhdn xay dyng Da so hp deu mac nhihig chdng bgnh ve dudng phoi nhu: viem mui, viem phe qudn, vien phoi Th§m chf, da ngimg tilp xiic vdi byi, b^nh eiia hp vdn tiep tye phdt trien Trong thi cdng cdng trinh xay dung cdng nhan xay dyng phdi thudng xuyen lam vigc dudi nhigt dp cao, nang ndng, khdi byi, vgy BDKH dnh hudng nghiem trpng tdi sure khde cua hp ciing nhu gidm tien dg qud trinh thi cdng cac cdng trinh xay dyng gia; Dilu chinh, bd sung va hoan thign he thdng vdn ban phdp lugt; hudng ddn ky thudt ciia ngdnh dng phd vdi BDKH va nude biln dang; Tang eudng hgp tde ch^t eh6 vdi cae bg, Ngdnh, dja phuong, cdc td chdc nude ngoai de trien khai chuang trinh myc tieu Quoc gia ung phd vdi BDKH; Tgp huan ndng eao ndng lye, nhgn thirc vd hieu biet ve tae dpng eiia BDKH doi vdi phat trien kinh te- xa hpi va bao vg mdi trudng; Xdy dyng Danh mye eae dy dn trien khai ke hogch hdnh dgng irng phd vdi BDKH eiia ngdnh xay dyng kl hogeh ndm (2011-2015) BDKH dnh hudng khdng nhd tdi nganh xdy dyng ndi chung vd eae doanh nghigp xdy dyng ndi rieng, Vi vgy, mdi doanh nghigp e^n phdi y thue rd tdm quan trgng ciia vigc chuan bj vd trien khai irng phd vdi BDKH d Vigt Nam Cdc ngi dung nghien edu ehii yeu gdm: Thir nh^t: Nghien ciru quy hogeh xdy dyng eho tugng lai tren quy md quoe gia va khu vyc chii y den tdc dpng ciia BDKH, ddc bigt Id ciia nude bien dang, nggp lyt, sgt Id dat, hgn hdn vd hoang mac hod Giai phap thich irng voi BDKH va phat Thir hai: Danh gid tdc dpng cua BDKH ITnh trien ben virng cac Doanh nghiep Xay dung tai vuc xdy dyng vd kien true vdi quy md todn quoc va Viet Nam tirng viing cd nude 3.1 Nlidm gidiphdp vicdc caquan qudn ly nhd nu&c Thu ba: Nghien ciru de xudt gidi phdp quy hogch Qud trinh BDKH cd dnh hudng den nhieu mat ciia xay dyng thich irng va gidm nhe tae dpng eua mdi trudng, kinh tl, xa hdi vd ddi sdng ngudi BDKH Khi xdy dyng chien luge, viec xdc djnh mye tieu Thir tu: Nghien cuu xay dung ca che chinh sdeh phdi dgt van de thich ung vdi dieu kien BDKH hudng tdi myc tieu thich img va giam nhe hau qud tuang lai ddng thdi hgn che sy tdc ddng xdu ciia BDKH, hgn che riii ro vd gdp phdn phdt trien den BDKH BDKH vd nude bien ddng dang Id vdn ben vitng de ndng bdng tren todn thi gidi, vigc nang cao nhgn Thii" ndm: Nghien ciru cae giai phap quy hoach thiie vd ddnh gia diing ban chdt cua nd tdi phdt triln xay dung, thiet ke kien triic, lya chgn cong nghe xay kinh te- xa hgi Id dieu het sire can thiet dyng, nguyen vgt lieu xay dung cho cdc viing Ddi vdi ngdnh xdy dung, vdn de uu tien la irng thudng xuyen nggp lut, viing bdo lu quet, vimg ven phd vdi BDKH la danh gid tde ddng ciia nd den he bien hdi ddo thong hg tdng ky thudt dd thi, diem dan cu ndng Thir sau: Nghien ciru, xay dyng vd ehinh sira cdc thdn Cdng trinh phyc vy dan cu, ddc bigt la nhitng viing miln cd the chju tdc dgng manh nhu tgi cdc tieu chudn thiet ke, xdy dyng cho phii hgp vdi dilu kien hdu tdc dpng ciia BDKH viing ven bien miln Trung, Ddng bang sdng Cuu Thir bay: Nghien euu, lya chgn cdc gidi phap giam Long Nganh xdy dyng cdn phdi chii dpng ung phd vdi BDKH nhu xdy dyng nhitng co sd dit lieu thai nhd kinh ITnh vyc xdy dyng, trudc het ve he thdng ede cdng trinh tang ky thudt va mdi vigc su dyng nang lugng theo hudng ndng cao trudng, tang xa hpi cdc dd thi, nhirng diem ddn higu qud vd tiet kiem ngdnh xdy dung eu ndng thdn nhdm tdng eudng cdng tdc quan ly cua 3.2 Nhdm gidi phdp cua cdc Doanh nghiip Xdy nganh, de ung phd kip thdi vdi cde dien bien phure dyng tap eiia BDKH Cae Doanh nghigp xay dyng (DNXD) edn nhan Thdng qua chuong trinh mye tieu Quoc gia irng thirc ro ddu tu xay dyng bdt cu mpt edng trinh xay phd vdi BDKH, hanh dpng theo khung hudng dan dyng ndo (cdng trinh ddn dyng, cdng trinh cdng eiia Bp TNMT xay dyng ehuong trinh phat triln cdc cdng, edng trinh dich vu hay cdng trinh sdn xudt) thj ven bien img phd vdi BDKH vd nude bien deu ndy sinh eae tae dpng tieu cue ddi vdi mdi ddng, nhu: Dilu chinh djnh hudng qui hoach phdt trudng Trong giai dogn thiet ke cdng trinh ngudi triln dd thi ung phd vdi BDKH theo kjch bdn Qudc thilt kl phai xem xet ddy du cac ylu td tdc dgng tieu kinli yiiitt trien 31 pieN 001 KHI HRU VR PHRT TRI6N S€N VUNG eye din mdi trudng dong thdi dp dyng ede bi^n phdp hitu higu de gidm thilu d nhiem mdi trudng, d$c bigt la doi vdi ngu6n nude thdi, ehat thdi rdn, nhilm khdng vd tiing on Trong dieu kign bien doi hdu ngdy nay, nguy ca khan hilm vd egn kigt nguon nude nept cdng tr^m trpng, vgy can phdi ^ dp dyng cdc Bv bign /phdp 6tdi sOr dyng V B.nude thdi, ''ã> su dyng tuan hodn nude vd tĐn dyng ngu6n nude mua edng trinh xay dyng Tai trpng tdc dgng din cdng trinh nen phdi dugc nghien cdu bo sung nh^t Id tdi trpng gid doi vdi cac cdng trinh cao t4ng d$c bigt vdi cde cdng trinh ddn ty xay dyng theo phuang phdp truyen thing bj dnh hudng ndng nl gid bdo, lii lyt Cdc DNXD can iidin bdt vd hudng tdi xu the xdy dyng cde "Cdng trinh xanh" Bon tieu chi ve edng trinh xanh la: (1) Tiet kigm vd sii dyng hgp ly ndng lugng, (2) Tilt kigm vd tdi sii dyng vgt ligu xay dyng, (3) Tilt kigm va tdi sii dyng ngudn nude, (4) Bdo tdn sinh thdi va mdi trudng dat Cde DNXD can phdt huy vd dgo tgo ngudn nhdn lyc, tdng cudng tuyen truyen gido dye y thuc cgng ddng theo nguyen tdc "Todn dign, tich cyc vd higu qua" dua cde thdng digp vd cdc thdng tin phu hgp lien quan din BDKH vdo thilt ke, thi cdng cdc cdng trinh dy an Thich ung vdi BDKH: Nghien cuu phdt trien nhitng eong trinh nhd d, vdn phdng, nha xudng phii hgp vdi am, nhigt dp dl chju quanh ndm de gidm bdt vigc sir dung sy trg giup ciia cdc he thdng sudi hay Idm mat Tang cudng su dyng eae thilt bi tgo ndng lugng cho cdng trinh xdy dyng nhdm gidm thieu tde ddng ciia cdng trinh xdy dyng den mdi trudng: Thilt ke thi cdng edeh nhigt cho ngdi nhd nhu sir dyng Idp each nhigt cho mdi nha, kinh hai Idp ed Idp phim each nhigt, diing eae thiet bj mdi de tilt kigm nang lugng Tdng cudng tieh cyc dl gidm thieu hign tugng khf thdi gay hi§u irng nhd kinh: Chiln luge thiet thyc nhu gidm cacbon: Cdc cdng ty xdy dyng phdi kilm jra g[^ni sdt ch^t lugng xdng d^u sir dyng cho ede |Q^J J^^^ ^^y ,„5(, n h j ^ gidm bdt thdi ,, - L-^ * U' U - xfiy dyng Id mpt nhitng nguon chmh gay o nhiem khdng byi Vi v§y cdc doanh nghigp xdy dyng phdi cd y thdc kiem sodt byi tgi cdc dja diem thi edng vd trSn ede phuang tign chuyen chd nguyen vgt ligu xdy dyng nhdm hgn che va tranh vi§c gdy d nhilm chat lugng khdng Cdc DNXD VN nghien cuu vd sir dyng vgt li§u mdi cAn phdi dugc ddt mgt tong thi vdi vi^c dp dyng nh&ng kit e^u tien tiln vd sd dyng cdc cdng nghg thi edng hign dgi Phdt triln ehien luge sit dyng vgt ligu xdy dyng xanh va ben vitng, tgn dyng chat thdi xay dyng Cdc doanh nghigp can chu trpng dau tu trang thiet bj bdo hg lao dgng cho cae ddi tugng lao dpng eua cdng ty qud trinh thye hign thi cdng nhdm dam bdo tinh trgng sue khde, tgo mdi trudng lam vigc thdn thign eho ngudi lao dgng Ket luan Anh hudng ciia BDKH ddi vdi xdy dyng, kiln triic Id rat to Idn Myc nude bien tdng, nhigt dg be mdt trdi dat tdng Ien va gia tang cdc hign tugng hgu cyc doan Nhihig thay doi se cd tde dpng phue tgp din cdc hg thdng kinh tl, sinh bogt sue khde eiia epng ddng, dgc bigt tdc dgng nhieu mdt den cdng trinh xdy dyng va cdc hogt dgng cdc ITnh vyc xdy dyng, kiln tnic Vi vgy, eae doanh nghigp xdy dyng Vigt Nam edn y thuc duge tam quan trpng ciia trdch nhigm bao vg mdi trudng nhdm tlileh irng vdi BDKH vd phdt trien bin vihig.O Tai ligu tham khao: Bp Nong nghiip vd Phdt triln Ndng th6n (2007): Thdng tin hdng nam ciia Cyc Thuy Igi Bo Tdi nguyen vd Moi trudng (2009): Kich bdn Bien ddi hgu nude biin ddng cho Viel Nam BdTdi nguyfin vd Moi trudng (2008), Chuang irinh myc tiiu qudc gia ung phd vdi BDKH BO Tdi nguyen vd M6i trudng (2003), Thdng bdo ddu liin cua Viit Nam cho Cdng udc khung eda LHQ vi BDKH Nguyin HQu Ninh - CERED, Vai trd ciia cdc nhd khoa hpc vd cdc doanh nghidp vi|c ddi phd vdi BDKH vd PTBV Lg Thu Hoa, Cao Vdn Bdn, Do Xudn Nam, Bdo cdo dl dn "Rd sodt chfnh sdch, quy trinh thii tyc d^u tu nhdm ling gh^p v ^ de BDKH chu^ bj vd th4m djnh dy dn diiu tu (T(ip trung dy dn quy md ldn giai dogn 2011 - 2015)" Trdn Hitu Hd - Vy Khoa hpc cdng ngh§ mdi trudng - BXD "Biln d6i khf hdu vd dl xu^t dng phd", tgp chlKiin true Viet Nam si 12/2010 Dai hpc Ndng Ldm (2009) Bdo cdo chuyen di Bien ddi hgu Anh hu&ng cua Biin doi hgu Nguyen Due Ngit (2008) Biin dii hgu vd phdt triin bin vQng d Viet Nam 10 Le Vdn Khoa - DHQGHN, Mdlprudng vd thdch thiic http://www.climategis.eom 32 KlnliMiittrien ... xay dyng vd nai tgp trung hogt dpng sdn xuat cdng nghidp Byi PMjjj trung binh nam cua ldn Vigt Nam nhu TR H6 Chi Minh, HdNgi, Da Nang, Hdi Phdng nhin ehung deu vugt ngudng trung binh nam theo khuyen... nhimg nam 1990, thiet hgi kinh te thien tai gay mdi nam ude tinh tuong duong 2% GDR Mgc dii da ed rat nhieu nd lyc vige khdc phyc nhiJng hgu qua ciia BDKH, song thap nien eudi nay, Vigt Nam da... din Viet Nam, vdi dudng bd biln keo ddi Myc nude biln cd thi se tdng em nam 2010, 33 cm ndm 2050,45 cm ndm 2070 vd Im ndm 2100 Sd ligu quan trdc tgi cdc trgm hdi vdn dpc ven bien Vigt Nam cho