p chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgt bgc Cdn Tho Pbdn A Khoa hgc Tv nhien, Cong nghe vd Mdi tru&ng 31 (2014) 106 11 Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru''''dng Dai hoc Can Thd website sj ctu etJu vn U*NG DUNG PHAN TICH DA TIEU CHI[.]
p chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgt bgc Cdn Tho Pbdn A- Khoa hgc Tv nhien, Cong nghe vd Mdi tru&ng- 31 (20 Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru'dng Dai hoc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.etJu.vn U*NG DUNG PHAN TICH DA TIEU CHI HO TROf QUYET DINH TRONG SC DUNG D A T N N G NGHIEP TAI TINH B^^C U E U Pham Thanh Vfi', Le Quang Tri", Nguyin Hieu Trung', VuoTig Tuan Huy', Nguyin Tan Dat' va Le Thi Nuofng^ ' Khoa Mdi trudng & Tdi nguyen Thien nhien, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho ^ Viin Nghiin cuu Biin ddi Khi hdu Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha ^ HQC vien cao hgc Qudn ly Ddt dai, Khoa Mdi trirdng & Tdi nguyen Thiin nhien, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho ABSTRACT In sustainable development, selection of agricultural land use often requires t compromise of social, economic and environmental purposes Given different opinions, values, and altitudesfromdifferent stakeholders, selection of certain la use results in unavoidable conflicts The conflicts in land use can be generall Title: describedfromthe perspective of conflicts amongst land use types and relevan Using multi-criteria decision stakeholders Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aims oj analysis in agricultural land improving existing land use systems, leading lo changes of agricultural structu uses in Bac Lieu province towards sustainability The study was carried out in three ecosystem zones (fre brackish and saline water) in the Bac Lieu province Data were collected via t Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach and household interviews with Tir khda: Bgc Liiu, bin virng, cdng cu participation of 270 households The mDSS (Decision Support System) model w used to optimize land use decision The results showed that intensive shrimp got hd trg quyet dfnh phdn tich gfealest level of relative sustainability The double rice cropping pattem luid th da tiiu chi, sir dung ddt dai highest value for environment while the others were considered favourable on th social aspect By using decision support tool, land use types were proposed for Keywords: changing of agricultural structure towards sustainability including: shrimp -f Bac Lieu, Decision support polyculture, shrimp - rice rotation, doublericecropping The explication of th system, Land use multiproposed land use types depends on hydrolopcal conditions and actual farmer's criteria analysis, socio-economic context sustainability TOM T A T Trong phdt trien bin vOng viic su dung ddt thudng ddi hdi syt thda hiip giOa phd trien kinh le vd bdo vi mdi truang vd cdng bdng xa hgt Vdi nhirng y tirdng, gid t vd thdi dg khdc giira cdc ben lien quan tham gia, sir dung ddt chdc chdn ph tgo cdc cugc xung dot Cdc cugc xung dot sir dtmg ddt thi hiin giira cdc logi sit dung ddt vd mdu thudn giira cdc ben liin quan Theo do, viic su dung ddt nhdm muc dich cdi thiin cdc md hinh su dung ddt dai, chuyin ddi co cau sdn xud theo hudng ben virng, nghien ciru dugc tiin hdnh Vimg nghien ciru dugc lira ch Id linh Bgc Lieu, nai co 03 viing sinh thdi dgc tnmg man, lg vd nggt Sd liiu nghiin citu &rgc thu thdp thdng qua phuang phdp ddnh gid nhanh ndng thdn co s\t tham gia (PRA) phdng vdn chuyin sdu 270 ndng hg bdng phiiu diiu U-a; sir dung phd mem hd trg qu^t dinh mDSS di ddnh gid vd di xudt mo hinh tdi uu Kit qud cho thdy chuyen tdm la md hinh dugc uu tien chgn liJta cao xet ve tinh phit hgp diiu he tu nhiin Md hinh 2vulua nghiing vi mdi trudng, cdc md hinh cdn lgi nghiing vi xd hdi Qua phdn tich cdc md hinh vd im^ dungpl^n mim^ hd trg quyii dinh cdc md hinh dugc de xudt cho chuyin ddi ca cdu sdn xudt bao gdm: md hinh tdm thdy sdn kit hgp, ludn canh tdm-lua, vu lua Tuy nhien, viic md rgng cdc md hinh cung lu thugc vdo diiu kien qudn ly nudc vd bdi cdnh kinh ti xd hgi cua ngirdi ddn Thong tin chung: Ngdy nhgn: 18/09/2013 Ngdy chdp nhgn: 28/04/2014 Tgp chi Khoa hgc Truong Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn.4- Khoa hgc Tv nhiin Cdngnghfvd Mdi Iru&ng: 31 (2014): 106-115 GIOI THIEU Nghien ciiu va pfait triln bin viing li myc tieu quan frpng ciia cic nudc ndng ngfaiep, nhdra quin Iy vd sii dyng hieu qua ngudn tai nguyin, gidm tfaieu nii ro vd bdo vl mdi trudng (Carte, 1989; Hansen, 1996) Tmfa hinh sii dyng dit dai tfaay ddi nfaanh, pfaiic tgp vd mang tinfa ty pfait ndng ddn chay tfaeo sy biln dpng ciia thi trudng Pfain Idn ndng ddn pfadt trien sdn xudt tfaeo cac mdfainfacanfa tic cdfaipuqud trudc mdt, mgc dii chua ddm bdo vl von, k^ thudt vi diu cho sin phim lau dai, mdi trudng dit, nudc bj xira nfaip man, nggp vd dac bill frong dilu kiln biln doi hgu Trong thyc ti, vin dl qudn ly vd sii dyng ddt dai co nfaiiu xu hudng kfadc nfaau vdi cdc quan diim vd myc tiiu kfadc nfaau ve kinh te, xd hpi hodc mdi trudng Do do, van de Id lira cdn bdng giiia cdc rayc tieu, thda man cic lya chgn cdc rad hinh sir dyng dat dai phii hgp vdi dilu kiln thyc tl dja pfauong, sir dyng ngudn tii nguyen ddt dai cd failu qua, hgp ly vd hudng tdi pfaat trien ndng nghiep bin viing la van de cap thiet ^e hd frg cd failu qua viec dira quyet dinfa fagp ly frong sii dyng dit dai cdn dp dyng cdc cdng cu ctia todnfapcvd cdng nghe thdng tin (Nguyin Kfaang 2004; Matthews vd crv., 1999) Myc tiiu ciia nghien ciiu niy nfaam iing dung phdn mim hd frg quylt dinh sii dyng ddt den pfayc vy chuyen ddi co cdu sdn xudt ndng n ^ i l p theo hudng da tiiu cfai Id cdng cy hiiu failu giup cae nfai qudn ly,faoacfadjnfa cfainh sdeh, chien luge, frong vin di lya chgn md hinh theo hudng bin viing dap ung vl kinh ti, \a hdi vd mdi frudng PHLTONG PHAP NGHIEN c i r u N ^ i l n ciiu dugc tfayc hien tren dja bdn tinfa Bac Lieu Troi^ phgm vi cdc rad hinh canh tie cfainfa fren virag sinfa thdi sdn xudt ndng nghiip Vdi tdng sd 09 md huih canh tdc (3 vy liia vu Ma, luin canh tdm - liia, ludn canh liia - mau, cfauyin canfa mdu, tdm qudn canh cii tiln (QCCT) kitfagpcua cd, tom tfaira canfa-bin tfadm canh, tdm rirag, raudi tfaiiy sdn), moi md fainh dilu tra 30 philu Tdng si philu dugc dilu tra Id 270 phieu Ngi dung dilu tra: loai hinh sdn xudt, mua vy, ky thugt sdn xuat, diu nr lao dpng, vdn thu hogch tiiu tfay hieu qui sin xuit Thyc hi|n danh gii ndng tfadn cd sy tfaani gia - PRA (Participatory Rapid Assessment) nfaim danfa gid mdt cdcfa dinh ti'nfa vl thyc trang dilu kiln ty nfaien vi kinfa tl xi fapi ciia ndng dan ciing nhu hien frang su dyng dit Cic chi tiiu thu tfaip gdm: sd Heu ty nfailn (dit nudc; thdi gian man, dp radn, tinfa hinh nudc ngpt), tinfafainhsdn xudt (gidng cay frdng vdt nudi, miia vu, mdfainfasdn xudt), sd lieu ve kinh te xd hgi (eo sd faa ting pfauc vy ndng ngfailp lao ddng, tfau nfadp, dicfa vu fad frg vd chinfa sdch, ) Cdc cdng cy PRA sir dyng nfau: pfadn tichfaieuqua, phan tich lich su vd xu hudng, pfaanticfakhd khan vi co fagi, licfa tfadi vy Sii dyng phuong phap tfadng ke mo td qui pfain mim Excel dl phanticfasd lieu Su dyng phin mini fao frg quylt dinli mDSS frong ddnh gia lya cfapn sii dyng dit dai Phan ralm h6 frg quylt dinh mDSS dugc sii dyng dl ddnfa gid vd dl xuit cdc logi hinfa sii dung dit dai Qua trinh thyc hiln gim pha dugc mieu ta dudi diy: ~ Pha Khdi nilm - Xac djnh cic ylu ti vd vdn de: Pfaa ndy cfao thiy su bat diu ciia lien frinh quylt dinfa, ludn ludn cho phep xdc dinh md hinfa pfaii hgp va phdnfr'chdir Ii|u frong bdi canfa quyit dinh cu tfal Pfaa Thiit ki - Xac djnfa cdc cfapn vd md fainfa hda; Cic tiiy cfagn "cd tfae - dap iing" khung DPSIR - thi dugc xic dinh va cac tieu chi fairu dung ddi vdi gid fri failu sudt ciia nd dugc xdc djnfa dya fren cdc chi sd co bin Cdc bien cd lien quan vile tao quyet dinh dugc td cfaiic tfaeo fainh thirc ma trdn phan ticfa (Analysis Matrix, AM), cd chiia cic gid tri ciia cic tiiu chi quyet dinli ddi vdi cie tiiy chpn Trong pha kl tiep, cic gii fri ciia cdc chi sd sl dugc so sdnfa thdng qua viec chuin hoa vd/hoac dp dung cic hdm gid fri dl thilt lap ma trdn gia frj (Evaluation Matrix, EM) Pha Lya cfapn - Phdn tich cic tiiy chpn da muc tiiu: vile so sanh cic tiiy chgn tfaay tfae li pfaa cudi ciing ciia qua trinfa tao quyet djnh dugc dp dyng frong raDss Bing cdch sii dyng kJ thudt phdn ti'ch da muc tiiu (Multi-Criteria Analysis, MCA), tit cd cdc tiiy chpn dugc ddiih gii, so sdnfa cdc dong gdp ciia chiing de gidi quyet cic tic ddng dugc quan sit dugc the hien thdng qua cdc gia trj cua cdc lilu chi dugc luu triifrongEM Thinfa phdn vd cdc budc thyc hiln cfaitih frong mDSS dugc the hiln tfadng qua Hinh Tgp chi Khoa hpc Truang Dot hoc Cdn Tha Phdn A Khoa hqc Tif nhien Cong nghf va Moi truang: 31 (2014) 106-115 •' Phan tit-b n ^ g ^6i vmig nghien cnn Cau talk van d( a Xac -^_e * * * * + y \/ \/ \/ \ r \ / A/ A/ A/ ,• •'••,* ^ - r ^ Hinfa 3: Cic md fainh canh tic chinh tai tinh Bac Lilu 3.2 Cdc yen to kinh te-xa hgi-moi trudng anh hirdng den cdc kilu sir dung dat dai Tfadng qua sd lieu thu thdp, xdc djnh dugc cdc ylu td kinh tl-xa h0i-m6i trudng inli hudng den cdc kieu sir dyng ddt dai theo ^ kiln ciia ngudi dan sdn xuit tai tinh Bac Lieu Cdc gid fri ciia cdc lieu chi dugc the hien nhu frong Bdng Bang 1: Gid trj va phan loai DPSIR* eda cdc chi filu vile dinh gii md hinh s »• viu t^ inh hirorng Tdng thu (Tri?u dong/ha/nam) Tong chi (Tri?u dong/haynSm) Tong l(?i nhuan (Trifiu dong/ha/niini) iiieu qua dong v6n TSp quan canh tac (%) Chinh sich h5 tret (%) Kha nang tv phat trien m6 hinh (%) Tap huan iij thuat (%) o- Chat lir vu lua > cfauyin canfa mdu > ludn canh liia - tdm > xen canh tdm QCCT - thuy sin > ludn canfa lua mau > mudi luan canfa tfauy sdn > xen canh riing tdra > vu liia - E>di vdi cdc vung rain quanh ndm thi cdc md hinh uu tiln cd the xep theo tfaii tu: cfauyin canfa tdm > xen canfa tdm (JCCT tiim sdn > mudi ludn canh thuy sdn > xen canfa rimg - tdm Ddi vdi viing nudc Ig (man d mdt sd thdng frong ndm) thii tu uu tiln cdc md binh: ludn canh Ilia - tdm > xen canfa Tdra QCCT -tiiiiysan Ddi voi vimg nggt tfaii tu uu tien cua cdc rad fainfa: vy Ilia > cfauyin canh man > ludn canh lua raau > vu liia i i ii Hinh 7: Bilu xip faang cdc mo hinh mDSS Ben canh do, viec phdn n'ch dp nfaay bdng vile so sanfa cip ciia cdc mdfainfa(cdc mdfainfase dugc lin lugt phdn d'ch so sdnfa vdi mdfainfacdn lai d tdt ci cic chi tllu) giiip gidi thich thera kit qua eua vile xip fagng uu tien cfagn lya rad hiitii thfch hgp nhdt Kit qud pfadnticfado nhay - cdc phdnticfabdng hinh dnh (Biiu dd TORNADO) (ffinh 8) se so sdnfa cdc chgn lya khic vdi chgn lua uu tiln cao nhit Bieu dd niy sl dugc sap tu cdc lilu chi quan frgng nfait din cic tiiu cfai tfadp nhdL Phdn raiu cam frln cdc thanfa ngang ciia bilu dd xuit bien d cac tiiu cfai md kfai thay ddi sd cua cdc tiiu chi na\" cd till tgo su thay ddi vi tri cua cfagn lua dugc so sdnh Nlu phin miu cam cing ton, tuong ung vdi sy kfadc bill cdng ldn vl xip hang kfai thay ddi trgng sd ciia cac tieu chi ndy Nlu uong cdc tfaanfa kfadng cd pfain raiu cara, khdng tao sy thay ddi vi tri xipfaangkfai tfaay ddi frpng sd tuong iing ciia cdctieuchinay(Giupponiera/., 2010) Tllu cfai vl su man fada Id tieu cfai quan frgng nfadt frong cdc yeu td cfaon lua rad hinb uu tien nhdt (khi thay ddi trgng sd ciia tiiu cfai cd tiii lam tfaay ddi tfaii tu xepfaanguu tien ciia cdc lua cfagn md hinh) Dilu niy ddng nghia, vi?c xim nhip radn va rain tang len dnfa hudng rit nhilu den vile cfagn lya mdfainhsir dung Tgp chi Kboa hgc Truang Dgi hgc Cdn Tho PhdnA: Khoa hgc Tv nhiin, Cong nghf vd Moi iruang: 31 (2014): 106-115 Ctidcal criHrion matrbi DcSAWm •jfviLw'" "" - "°^ iLI 2131 -. - — - ^"-— -n't,'" ::- ~ - ^ T0i»tAD0d • S r - n : ^ 1 IT ,».o™ ^ 1 == ^ Hinfa 8: Phdn tich d$ nhay cua cdc md hinh bdng so sinh cap mDSS KET LUAN Cdc md hinh frong sdn xudt thich hgp sl dugc ngudi tgo quyet djnfa lya chgn dya vdo xip hang uu tiln ciia cic md hinfa vi tinfa ben viing vl kinfa te, xa fagi, radi trudng ciia cdc mdfainfavd sy tfaiefa nghi vl dilu kiln tu nfailn Trong dieu kiln tinfa Bac Lilu dd cfao thdy md hinh chuyin tdm vd chuyin miu cd hieu qud tit nhdt, md hinfa Iiia Id md hinh cd tinh bin vOng cao ve mil mdi trudng, frong cdc md hinfa kfadc lgi cd hudng nghiing vl bin vihig xa hgi Yiu td quan trpng nhdt tdc dpng ldm thay ddi din sir dyng ddt li sy mgn hda Cdc thii ty xep hang uu tiln cfapn lua qua ddnh gii da tieu chi: chuyin t6ra > vy liia > chuyen canfa raiu > luan canfa liia - tdm > Tdm QCCT kit hgp thiiy sin > luin canfa liia - radu > mudi kit fagp thiiy sdn > xen canh riing - tdra > vy liia (chua xit din yiu ti thich nghi vi mit tu nhien) Md hinh mDSS cd thi sii dyng frong viec ho frg quyit djnh theo hudng da myc lilu, cfagn cdc md hinfa sir dung phiifagptheofaudngbin viing vdi tiiu chi ldn li kinh ti, xa hdi vi raoi trudng Md hinh di die hiln mii quan he nfadn qud chdt che giira cdc yiu to, tii dd quyit dinfa thda man cac myc tiiu theo raong mudn, quin ly va sii dyng hieu qui tdi nguyintiieofaudngbin vung Kit qud pfainti'efacd thi lim tai lieu thara khdo cho cic hogch djnh vile bi fri quy hoach sii dyng dit cua cic cdp, d|lc bilt la cdp lanh dao ngudi cd vai trd quylt djnh vile chgn lya cac yeu td va trgng sd diem ctia cdc tiiu chi frong cic tiiy chpn sii dyng khac LOfI CAM TA Dl hodn thinfa bii bio niy, nhdra nghiin eiiu xin chdn thanfa cdm on din Dir in CLUES da hd trg rapt phan thdng tin vd ngudn tdi chinli frong qui frinh nghien ciiu TAI LI$U THAM KHAO Cart, H C , 1989 Agricultiiral sustainability: an overview and research assessraent CalifAgric 43 (3) pp 16-37 Giupponi C , G.Cojocaru, J.Feas, J Mysiak, P.Rosato, and A Zucca, 2010.mDSS decision metiiods In http ://www.netsymod.eii/mdss Giupponi C , G.Cojocaru, J Feas, J Mysiak, P.Rosato, and A Zucca, 2010.mdss users' guide In http ://www.netsymod.eii/mdss t Hansen J W., 1996 Is Agricutural sustainabili^ a useful concept? Agricultural system 50 Pp 117-143 Matthews K B., Sibbald A R and Craw S, 1999 Implementation ofa spatial decision support system for rural land use planning; Tgp chi Khoa hgc Truang Dgi hoc Cdn Tho Phan A: Khoa hgc Tu nhiin Cong nghi vd Moi Iru&ng: 31 (2014): 106-115 intergrating geo^aphic information system and environlmental model with search and optinus^ion algorithm Computer and elecfronics in Agriculture, No 23,pp.9-26 Nguyen Duy Cdn va Nico Vromant, 2009 PRA - ddnh gid ndng tfadn vdi sy tfaam gia ciia ngudi ddn Ngi^ln Kfaang, 2004 Bdo cdo tdng kit di tii cip nhd nudc "iing dung cdng n ^ l tfadng tin dlfainfathanh he thdng thdng tin hiln dai phyc vy pfait trien ndng ngfaiep v i ndng tfadn NXB Ndng nghiip Pfaam Tfaanfa Vu (2013), Cbdt lugng dit dai dnfafaudngdin fai|u qua va tinh ben viing cdc md hinfa canh tdc viing ven bien Sdc Trang vd Bac Lilu Bdo cdo tdng kit di tii khoafagcvd cdng ngfae cap trudng, Trudng Dai hgc Can Tho Roin Ngpc Cfaiin (2001), Ddnh gid dit dai cfao viec su dyn^ dit dai da myc tiiu frong phdt trien kinh tl - xi hdi d xa Trui^ Hiiu, huyen Viing Lilm, tinh VTnh Long Ludn in Tfagc SI kfaoafapcNginh Ndng hge 10 Sharifi M.A 1996, Infroduction to Decision Support Systems for Natural Resource Management, ITC, the Netherlands ... lau dai, mdi trudng dit, nudc bj xira nfaip man, nggp vd dac bill frong dilu kiln biln doi hgu Trong thyc ti, vin dl qudn ly vd sii dyng ddt dai co nfaiiu xu hudng kfadc nfaau vdi cdc quan diim... (Analysis Matrix, AM), cd chiia cic gid tri ciia cic tiiu chi quyet dinli ddi vdi cie tiiy chpn Trong pha kl tiep, cic gii fri ciia cdc chi sd sl dugc so sdnfa thdng qua viec chuin hoa vd/hoac... ndng phat frien cua md hinh, sir dung tai nguyin chua hgp ly (tgp qudn canh tac, sdn xudt ty phdt) Trong dilu ki|n hiln thi frgng thii (S) nhu bien dii hdu, thodi hda dit (giim da dgng sinfa fapc