I Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cong nghe Thiiy sdn So 1/2013 , THONG BAO KHOA HOC TAI LlTONG NGUON THAI PHAN TAN VUNG DAM THUY TRIEU QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF NON POTNT WASTE SOURCES IN THUY TRIEU LAGOON Phan Mi[.]
I Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thiiy sdn So 1/2013 , THONG B A O KHOA HOC TAI LlTONG NGUON THAI PHAN TAN VUNG DAM THUY TRIEU QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF NON-POTNT WASTE SOURCES IN THUY TRIEU LAGOON Phan Minh Thif', Tdn Nir My Nga', Nguyin Hint Huan', NguySn Thf Thanh Tam' I Ngay nh?n bai: 23/10/2012; Ngiy phan bien thong qua 16/12/2012; Ngiy duyet dang: 15/3/2013 ' T6MTAT I Dam Thuy Trieu dong vai tro quan trgng qud trinh phdt triin kinh ti cua huy?n Cam Ldm vd Id nai tiep nhdn vd dieu hoa cdc nguon thdi phdn tdn vd tap trung cua khu vyc, bao gom ngudn thai tit sinh hoqt, vd cac ho^t dong nong nghiep vd nuoi thuy sdn Bdnh gid long lufmg chdt thdi phdn tdn tdc dgng vdo thuy vuc gop phdn ldm ca sd di tinh todn sue tdi moi tnrang ciia ddm Tong luqmg cdc ngudn thdi phdn tdn tic cdc xd ven ddm ndm 2011 u&c tinh tuang duang 183 tdn chdt thdi rdn/thdng: 50.12 tdn BOD/ihdng, 131,36 tdn COD/thdng 7.75 tdn N/thdng vd 1,85 tdn P/thdng Trong sd ndy ngudn thdi lit nuoi thuy sdn chiim wu the Bin nam 2020, chdt thdi ran tang len din 275 tdn/thdng, BOB vd COB tdng 50 - 60% vd long ni ta (TN), long phdt (TP) tdng gdp 2-3 ldn so vdi hi^n tQi Irong nguon thdi sinh hofit chiim tmthe Chinh vivdy, de phdi triin bin virng viing dam Thuy Tneu cdn phdi co chiin lufc qudn ly vd xu ly chdt thdi I mpl cdch hgp ly, tuang ung vai su phdt tnen cua kinh le •• xd hoi Tir khoa: chdt thdi phdn tdn, ddnh gid tdi lupng, ddm Tliuy Triiu ABSTRACT ; Thuy Trieu lagoon plays an important role for socio-economic development in Cam Lam district and is the water body to receive and control non-point and point waste sources ofthe region, including local domestic, agricultural and ' aquacultural wastes Quantitative assessment of non-point waste sources, that have negative impacts on water quality, contributes to estimation of carrying capacity ofthe lagoon In 2011, total volume ofnon-pomt waste sources from coastal ' communes of Thuy Trieu Lagoon was estimated 183 tonnes solid waste/month; 50.12 tonnes BOB/month, 131 36 tonnes COD/month, 7.75 tonnes N/month and 1.85 tonnes P/month Of these Ihe highest wastewater was come from aquaculture To the year of 2020 the solid waste will increase to 275 tonnes/month; BOD and COD will be more 50-60% than that in 2011, and total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) will be 2-3 times more than that in 2011, in which the highest , volume was domestic waste Thus, it is necessary to set up a master plan of suitable waste management and treatment for socio-economic development of Thuy Trieu lagoon Keywords- non-poinl waste sources, quantitative assessment Thuy Trieu lagoon I DAT V A N Dt Dim Thiiy Trilu, kdo ddi tir xa Cam Hoa huyen Cam Ldm d i n c l u Long Ho - phudng Cam NghTa thuficthdnhph6CamRanh,c6tpadp109''09.055'109''12.667'E vd 11''58.784 - 12''07.160°N (Hinh 1) Cde xa Cam Hai Dfing, Cam Hda, Cam Hdi Tay, Cam Thdnh Bdc vd thj trin Cam Ode thufic huygn Cam Lam (Hinh 1) nam ven dam Thiiy Trilu Dan so eiia huyen Cam Ldm 106,023 ngudi, nhung phdn bfi khfing dong dfiu, han 80% dan cu tgp trung d vilng nflng thfln [4] Mac dil mdi lap ndm 2007 Cam Ldm da vd dang cd nhOng bude ' ThS Phan Mmh Thg, ^NguySn HOu Hudn: Vi§n Hdi duong hpe Nha Trang ' ThS TOn NO Mf Nga, *Nguy§n Thj Ttianh TSm Khoa Nufii tr6ng Thuy san - Tnrcrng 0?i hqc Nha Trang TRadNG DAI HOC NHA TI5ANG • 49 Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thiiy sdn filn ddng k l bfii d n h kinh te khd khan Ndm 2011, gia trj sdn xuat tang 10% so vdi nam 2010 [7] Hoat dpng san xult nfing, ldm nghiep vd thCiy sdn la sinh k l chii yeu eua da sfi ngudi ddn Cam Lam [7] Can cir vdo ea d u kinh t l , phan bo ddn cu gtira thdnh Ih] vd ndng thdn [8], thj trin Cam Due CO mue dfl dang sa khai vd dang tirng budc xdy dyng d l trd thdnh thii phu cua huydn Cam Lam, cfln cdc xa khdc phat triln d mirc dfl nflng thfln Vdi difin tich ban 2.200ha, dam Thuy Trieu ddng vai trfi quan trpng vigc tilp nhan va dilu hda ede ngufin thdi phdt sinh hoat dflng kinh te xa hfll d edc khu dan eu ven bd, ddc biet la nguon thdi phdn tdn Ngufin thdi phdn tdn {non-point waste soumes) Id nguon ttidi khulch tan ttdn lan, khflng xa ttiai t$p trung vdo mflt dilm nhat djnh ctia vyc nude [11, 12] NhOng ngufin thdi ndy - vi dy nhu nydc ehay trdn dfi thj; nude xd ihdi fij cac khu ddn cu- khfing cfi hg thfing xu ly nude thdi tgp trung; dlt nhilm bin, khu vyc khai md; chat thai tir hogt dfing chan nufil S6l/3m trpt, nufil trfing thuy sdn - co khoi lup'ng nh6 nhung gdy anh hudng ddng ke d i n chit luvng mfii tn/dng thiiy vyc tiep nh§n TnDng trudng hpp Id mfii trudng nude dam Thuy Trilu Vl v$y, c t h i l tmng binh Ban vj tfnh Ap d^ng cho Cam l^m Hi#n t f i 2015 2020 ChSt thai rln kg/ngif^i/ngdy 0,35 - 0,70 0,60 0,6 1,20 BODS g/ngi^fri/ngSy 46-54 49,5 59,4 54,0 COD gingiri/ilngiy 85-102 93,5 112,2 102,0 TN g/ngijai/ngdy 6-12 9,0 10,8 12,0 TP g/ngipai/ngdy 0,6-4,5 2,6 3,06 4,5 Djnh luvng ngufin thdi chan nudi, nuoi trfing do, C^,^^,^ va C^,^^: Luang chat Ihdi binh qudn thOy sdn phat sinh chan nufii (kg/con/ndm) vd Luyng Ihll tip hogt dflng chdn nufii (CT^^j,^) va nufli fi^ng ttitiy sdn (CT^^rs) ^^^'^ ^ ^ " ^ 9'^ tiya trdn ting quin ddn chan nufli (3) hodc tong san phim nufii ta^ng thuy sdn (4) chan nudi tgi khu vyc nghidn eiru (con); M,^^^: Tfing san pham nudi trfing thuy san (lan/nam) Dinh muc chll Ihdi chan nufii vd fi'ong (3) t CT^ nufil trfing thuy san (kg/tan) Pfj^cN- Tong quan dan M^ (4) nufli thiiy san dug'c trinh bay lan lupe qua cae bang va bdng TRLfi5NG DAI HOC NHA TRANG • 51 Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 1/2013 Bang 2, Djnh miFC l i v n g thai chdn nudi [1, 141 STT Gia cam Ben VI tinh Lo^l chat thai Heo 0,2 1,28 4,49 0,82 1,92 Kg/con/ngay g/con/ngay g/con/ngay g/con/ngay g/con/ng^y Chit thai rln BODS COD TN TP Trau/bA 2,0 140,97 493,40 43,90 9,93 12,S 95,47 334,14 61,10 10,70 Ghi chO * * •a San Dmgo-McGlonB vi c^ng sv 114] Bang Djnh mi>c luvng thai nuoi trfing thDy sdn [13] kg/tan kg/lln kg/tan Trong thye t l , khflng phdi todn bfl lugng nude thai tir cae ngufin phdn ldn trye fiip vdo ting nufl'c m|t oia dim Thiiy Trilu ma phu thuflc vdo dge diem nguon thai (bdng 4) cQng nhu kha nang xir ly chit thai dja phyong Bdng hie so xa thai cua nhirng nguon thdi khdc [9] L09I ngu&n thdi H^soxathil Chit thdi sinh hogt tgp tmng d dfl thi Chit thdi phdn tan Nude thdi trye tilp Nude thdi chdn nufli III K^T QUA NGHIEN CO'U VA T H A O L U A N So* luvc dilu kien kinh t l - xa h$i cdc xa ven bien huyfin Cam Lam Tong ddn so xa/thj trin ven biln huyen Cam Lam Iln lup^ Id 53.947 ngudi vdo nam 2007 vd 49.625 ngudi nam 2011 (bdng 5) Mgc dii gid trj ndy dang giam din, nhung sau ldi ca d u d|a gidl hanh chinh ddn sfi cOa cdc dja phuang ndy dang tang len Theo quy hoach, tong dan sfi cua edc dja phuang ndy dgt 50.040 ngudi vao nam 2015 vd 50.300 ngudi vao nam 2020 (bdng 5) 0,89 0,22 1.00 0,24 Tang trudng dan so vd Ihay doi ca clu kinh iS eua cae dja phuang ttieo hudng gia ldng hogt dOng edng nghigp va djch vy, gidm thilu boat dpng n6ng nghidp vd nufli thiiy san ldm thay doi dgc 6\im nguon thai Khi he thong d p thodt nude ciiattijtrSn Cam Dire hodn tuang lai gin, ngufin thai phdn tdn ti> sinh hogt vd mfit so hoat dpng khSc d ddy se ehuyin dol nguon tap fiung Dilu ndy tao dilu kien ttiugn lgi eho vi§c xtr ly nude ttidi, giam thilu tde dfing d i n mfil Irudng nufi'c dSm Thuy Trilu Bang Mpt sfi chi tiSu kinh tfi xa h$i cdc xa ven bien huyen Cam Ldm Chi tieu Xi hpi Di^n tich (l ly nude Uidi l$p 63,87% vdo ndm 2015 vd 2020 so vdl tong lugng taing dugc xdy dyng Han ni>a, chit thdi tip cdc ao thdi phdn tan phat sinh cOa xa/thj Iran ven bien nufil tfim, cd phdi dugc xir \'j/ dim bdo quy chuSn huygn Cam Lam Trong gial dogn hien tai, nguon Vifit Nam Ddy Id nhCrng dilu kifin d n vd dCi d l cdi thdi nufii trfing thiiy san chilm uu thi, nhung ttilfin chit lugng mfii hudng nude dim Thdy Trilu, gial dogn fiip theo, anh hudng cua qua tang sue tdi mfii trudng nhim phgc vy phdt triln trinh dfl thj hfla cung nhu nhu d u cupc song gia bin vOng Bdng Hi^n trang va d y bao luvng thdi phan tan anh hyfimg tryv t i l p mfii trudng d i m Thuy Trilu Y4ut6 2007 2011 2015 2020 BOD, (tIn/thang) 56.60 50,12 79,69 74,79 COD (tan/thang) 150,19 131,36 182,50 172,66 TN (tIn/thang) 9,41 7,75 13,37 14,37 TP (lln/thang) 1,85 1,57 3,25 4,48 54 • TR1_)0NG D A I H O C NHA TRANG Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn IV K t T LUAN Dfi thj hfia, phdt triln kinh t l vd nhu d u ndng cao chit lugng cufic sfing d cdc xd/ttii fi^n huyen Cam Llm, dge biet la thj fi-an Cam Due, Id nguyen nhdn chinh Idm gia tang dp lyc nguon thai phdn tan len mdi trudng nude d i m Thiiy Trieu N l u nhu lugng chit thdi ran eo nguon goe tir sinh hogt va chdn nufii khdng dugc thu gom ndm 2011 Id 183 tan/thdng thi d i n ndm 2020 tugng thai ndy tang len d i n 275 tan/thang Dfii vdi nude thai, tfing lygng So 1/2013 ttiai phan tan dgt 50,12 tan BOD/thang (nam 2011), tang len khodng 50 - 60% nhO'ng ndm sau, fix)ng dd TP tdng gap - lan Trong nam 2011, nguon thai phat sinh tir nudi thOy san ehilm yu t h i ttii den nhCrng nam 2015 vd 2020, ngufin thdi sinh hoat ehilm uu the Ddy Id nhu-ng gia trj txi y nghTa quan fi-png gdp phan cflng tac quan 1;? chit lugng mdi Irudng cOng nhu danh gid sire tdi eiiattiCiyvyc phyc vy phdt tnln ben vung viing ven bd dim Thuy Trilu TAI LI$U THAM KHAO Tiing Vift Bp Thi nguyen vi M6i trufmg, 2010 Bao cSo moi truong qu6c gm nam 2010: T6ng quan mfii tru^g Vigt Nam Ha Npi BQ Tk\ nguyen va Moi truong, 2011 Bdo cao moi tmong quoc gia 2011: Chat thai r5n Hi Noi Ph^un Van Thom, Duong Trgng Kilm, NguySn Hong Thu, Ph^m Hihi TSm, U Thi Vinh, 2003 Danh gia anh huong cua cac ho?l dpng cong nghigp \k nuoi trfing thiiy san doi vdi chit lui^ng moi tnioi^ dim Thiiy Trieu BSo cao Ah tai co so, Vign HSi Duong HpC Pham Van Thom (Chu nhigm) 2008 Dieu Ira hign tr?ng moi tmong vjnh Cam Ranh dS phyc v\i phat tn5n kinh ti xa hgi thj xa Cam Ranh Bdo cao tong kit ik tdi Vien Hai Duong Hpe - So Khoa hpe vd Cong nghg Khdnh Hoa Ph6ngTh6ng ke huyen Cam Lam, 2010 Nien gidm th6ng ke 2009 Khdnh H6a S6 Tdi nguyen vd Moi tnrong iChanh H6a, 2010 Hign tr^g moi trudng tinh Khdnh H6a nfim giai doan 2006 - 2010 In tai Cong ty TNHH Cong nghg M6i trucmg Tran Nguyen UBND huygn Cam Lam, 2012 Bdo cdo phdt trien kinh te xa hpi huygn Cam Ldm 2011 vd dinh buong phdt triin dSn nam 2015, t ^ nhin 2020 Khdnh Hda Van Phong Chmh Phii, 2009 Nghi dinh so 42/2009/>ffi-CP, ngdy 7/5/2009 Hd Noi Benaman J., Armstrong N.E & Maidment D.R., 1996 Modeling of dissolved oxygen in the Houston Ship Charmel using WASPS and Geographic information systems Bureau of Engmeering Research, The University of Texas at Austin J.J Pickle Research Campus Austm,TX 78712-4497 TlengAnh 10 Corwin, D.L & Wagenet, R.J., 1996 Applications of CIS to the ModeUng of NonPoint Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone: AConference Overview J Environ Quai., 25,403-411, GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Manne Environmental Protection), 1986 Environmental capacity An approach to marine pollution prevention Rep Stud GESAlk^, (30): 49p Loague, K & Corwin, D.L., 2005 Point and NonPoint Source Pollution In "Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences", M G Anderson, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, England, 1427-1439 Pham Thi Anh, Kroeze C, Bush S R., & Moi A P J., 2010 Water pollution by intensive brackish shrimp farming m South-East Vietnam: Causes and options for control Agricultural Water Management, 97(6), 872-882 14 San Diego-McGlone, M.L.S., Smith, S.V & Nicolas, V.F 2000 Stoichiomettic Interpretations of CN:P Ratios in Organic Waste Matenals Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40,325-330 TRUONG DAI HQC NHA TRANG • 55