NGHIEN CUU XAC DINH CAO TRINH HOP LY CUA NHA MAY THUY DIEN PA CHIBV TRONG HE THONG THUY DIEN DAC THANG Le Xuan Kham'''' Tom tat Viit Nam hiin nay, thuy diin vdn chiim mpt ty trgng l&n vd la ngudn eung cd[.]
NGHIEN CUU XAC DINH CAO TRINH HOP LY CUA NHA MAY THUY DIEN PA CHIBV TRONG HE THONG THUY DIEN DAC THANG Le Xuan Kham' Tom tat: Viit Nam hiin nay, thuy diin vdn chiim mpt ty trgng l&n vd la ngudn eung cdp diin chu yiu, dgc biit Id vdo cdc gia cao diim Suphdt triin cua thuy diin da hinh thdnh nen hi thdng thuy diin bgc Ihang tren cdc luu vuc song Trong hi thdng thuy dien bgc ihang thi co nhimg hi thdng nhd mdy thuy dien & bgc tren khong bf^ nggp mgc nu&c ho bdc du&i, hoac co nhirng hi thdng nhd mdy thuy diin bdc trin ndm long bd bgc thang du&i Trong bdi bdo ndy, tdc gid gi&i thiiu cdch xdc dinh cao trinh hgp ly cita nhd mdy thiiy diin hi thdng thuy diin bgc thang, dp dung cho nhd mdy thuy diin Pd Chiin Ddy cung Id ldi liiu di tham khdo di tinh todn, thiit ki cho nhOng nhd mdy thuy diin tuang tu Tir khoa: ihdy dlpn bgc ihang, cao trinh hgp ly, kinh ti nang lugng I D^T VAN DE Vi?t Nam la qudc gia dang phat triln vdi tdc tang GDP binh quin giai doan 2000-2006 la 7,5%/nam Viet Nam eiing la mgt nhiing nudc cd toe dg tang trudng kinh tl eao tran the gidi va van cd the tri d mtic dg eao sau cugc khimg hoang kinh ta the gidi giai dogn 2007-2009 D I cd the dim bao duge sy tang trudng dd vdi myc tiau tdi nim 2020 Vi?t Nam se li qudc gia cdng nghiep thi cin phii cd sy dap iing du vi dn djnh cac nhu cau ve di?n Theo thdng ke nhu ciu diing dign nim 2005 la 53,6 ty kWb/nim, dy bao nam 2010 la 87,82 ty kWh/nim vi nam 2020 nbu ciu ve di?n se ting gap doi, day Ii mgt van de cap thiat hi?n [1] De dap irng dugc nhu cau do, h? thdng di?n phai cang pbat trien Cac ngudn phit di?n truyan thong nhu: thiiy di?n, nhiet di?n than, diu van tiep tyc dugc khai tbie va xay dyng Ban canh dd cic nguon di?n mdi nhu: di?n nguyan tir, di?n gid, di?n m$t trdi cung dang dugc nghien ciru va sdm dua vio sii dyng nudc ta hi?n thiiy di?n vin chiem mgt ty trgng Idn va la ngudn cung cip di?n chti yeu, d$c bi?t li vio cic gid cao diam Sy phit ttian ciia thiiy di?n da hinh nan h? thong thity di?n bgc thang tren cic luu vyc sdng Trong h? thong thiiy di?n bgc thang thi cd nhiing h? thong nha may thiiy di?n d bac tren kbdng bj nggp myc nudc bo bgc dudi, hogt dgng cita nba may khong phy thugc vao sy ding hg myc nudc ho dudi Tuy nbian cung cd nhumg h? thdng nha miy thuy di?n bgc ttan nim long ho bgc thang dudi Khi dd nhi may bgc tran cd the tgn dyng dugc cgt nudc phit dien myc nude hd ciia thiiy dien bac dudi xudng thip ttong miia kiet nhung dong thdi cung tang ehi phi xay dyng phai dim siu nha may xudng Bai toan dgt la xac dinh cao trinh ctia nhi miy thuy dien nen da ngap hay khdng nggp myc nudc ciia hd dudi va nau de ngip chan thi nen dim nba may xudng dg sau bao nhieu de dam bao dy in cd hi?u qui tot nhat Vi vay, bai bao tic gia gidi thieu each xic djnh cao trinh hgp ly ciia nhi may thity di?n he thdng thiiy di?n bgc thang, ip dyng cho nhi may thuy di?n Pa Chian Day cung li tai li?u da cic nha thilt kl tham khao de tinh toin, thiat ke cho nhirng nha may thiiy di?n tuang ty [I.COSdLYTHUYET Khi xay dyng nha may thity di?n h? thong thiiy di?n bac thang, neu nha may khdng dat ngip Idng hd bac dudi thi khdng chju sy anh hudng ciia sy dao dgng myc nudc bd bac dudi, nha miy boat dgng gan nhu dgc lap Myc nudc luu nha miy dugc xac djnh theo quan h? Iuu lugng vi myc nudc hg luu kenh xa Neu dim sau nha may xudng nggp chan long hd bac dudi thi myc nudc hg luu ciia nha may cdn phy thudc vao sy dao dgng ctia myc nudc hd bgc dudi Do sy dao dgng myc nudc cua cac ho dilu tilt dai hgn la kha Idn nan cac nha may bgc tran ed tha tgn dyng dugc sy chanh l?ch cgt nudc kbi myc nudc ho bac dudi xuong thap miia ki?t De ed tha nha may xudng thi can lim ngudng d kanh xi de khong cha myc nudc hg Iuu nhd nhat dim bao cho eao trinh lap miy thoa man diau ki?n thyc cita turbin Dim sau nhi may xuong sS tang dugc cgt nudc phat dign, qua tinh toan thuy ning ta tinh dugc gia trj di?n lugng ting them vdi moi met chieu siu bg Tru&ng Dgi hpc Thity lgi KHOA HOC K? THUAT THUY LQJ VA M O I T R U O N G - S6 42 (9/2013) xuong Ddng tbdi dim siu nhi may xudng ciing lam tang cbi phi xay dung tang khdi lugng dao dip cung nbu khdi lugng be tdng nha may Tir gia trj dien nang va chi phi tang them thdng qua tinh toin kinb ta ning lugng ta se xic djnh duge gii tri hien tgi rdng li bieu cita lgi ich qui VQ bien tgi vi chi phi quy ve bien tai Nhu vgy viec dim sau nha may xudng mang lgi lgi ich thiet thyc dd la ting san lugng dien, dd cbi phi cd tha tang khdng nhiau so vdi Igi ich tbu dugc, van da anb budng den mdi trudng va tic ddng dan sinh kinh ta cting khong thay ddi nhieu so vdi phuang in khdng nggp chan De danh gia chinh xac bieu qui ciia viee cao trinb nbi may xudng cin tbdng qua tinh toan thuy nang va kinh ta nang lugng, tir dd ta cung xac djnh dugc cao trinh myc nudc hg luu nbd nhat hgp ly hay chinh li xae djnh dugc dim sau mang Igi hieu qua kinb tl tdt nhit [2][3] ILL Tinh todn thuy ndng Tinh toin dien ning theo gid su dung ngay: Cong thirc tinb toan thuy nang; N=K.Q.H Trong do: K: He sd cdng suit; Q: Luu lugng phat dien (mVs); H: Cdt nudc phat dien (m); H ^ Z,! -Zhi(Q) - hw(Q); Z,,: Myc nudc thugng luu(m); Z|||(Q): Myc nudc luu (m); hw(Q): Cdt nudc tdn thit ting vdi luu Iugng phat dien (m) Myc nudc hg luu xac djnh nhu sau: Ddi vdi phuang in khdng nggp chan, myc nudc luu dugc xic djnh irng vdi luu lugng phit dien theo quan he luu lugng va myc nudc luu; Ddi vdi phuang an dat ngap chin, nha may dat ngap Idng hd bac dudi nan muc nudc luu khdng chi phy thudc vao luu lugng phit dien ma cdn phy thugc vao sy dao ddng myc nudc cita hd bac dudi Neu myc nude hd dudi nhd han cao trinh day kanh xi ciia nha may thuy dien bgc tren thi myc nudc hg Iuu dugc xac dinh theo quan h? luu lugng va myc nude luu; Neu myc nudc hd dudi Idn ban cao trinli day kenh xa eiia nha may thuy dien bgc tren thi myc nudc hg luu Iiy theo muc nudc ciia hd dudi DQ tinh toan thiiy ning ddi vdi tram thiiy dien thi tiiy thugc vao bmg dy an cy thi ma cd thi tinh toan dieu tiet ngiy, diau tiet narr hoac diau tiet nliiau nam H.2 Kinh ie nang lugng - Vi?c phan tich cic du an dugc ip dung hien cd tha phan cac nhdm phuang phap: Nhdm chi tieu gii trj hien tai rdng (NPW), nhdm suit thu lgi ngi tgi (IRR), nhdm chi tieu ty sd lgi ich - ebi phi (B/C), nhdm ty sd lgi nhuan va von diu tu B/K va nhdm hi?u qui ehi phi C - Trong phgm vi ciia bai bio, tac gia cbi dung chi tieu gia tri bi?n tgi rdng (NPW) dl phin tich hi?u qui kinh tl Gii tri hi?n tai rdng hay gia tri hi?n tgi thuin la bieu sd giiia tbu nhip v i chi phi ctia dy an vdng dot kinh te cua nd dugc quy ve hi?n tgi, NPW = P W B - P W C C, PfVB = '^ B PWC = Y, + 0' Viviy NPW = ^ - (1 + ' ' C, B 'i\+i)' t r (1+0' Trong dd: B,: Doanh thu d thdi dogn t hoac gia trj thu hdi ly tai san da bet tudi thg hay da hat thdi ky tdn tgi ciia du in, vdn luu dgng thu hdi d cudi ddi dy in; d : Chi phi bd d tbdi dogn t bao gdm vdn dau tu, chi phi van hanh kbdng cd khiu hao CO bin; n: Sd thdi dogn thdi ky phan ti'ch dy in; i: Suit thu Igi Mgi dy an phan tich tai cbinb neu: NPW>0 thi dy in cd hieu qua; NPW = thi dy an hoa von; NPW Vgy phuang an dgt nha miy thiiy di?n Pa Chiln nggp chan cd hi?u qua ban so vdi phucmg an khdng dgt nggp chan 111.2.2 Xdc djnh dp sdu dgt nhd mdy hgp ly Nhu tren (mye IH.2.1) da cho kit qua la phuong in dgt nha miy thiiy di?n Pi Chian theo pbuong an dgt ngip chin so vdi myc nuac hd Hda Binh cd hi§u qua ban so vdi phucmg an kbdng nggp chin Tuy nbien d§t nhi may cang siu tbi tgn dyng c$t KHOA HQC Kf THUAT THUY LQI VA M O I TRUeWG • S6 42 (9/2013) nudc phat di?n cang tot nhung chi phi xay dyng lai - Gia tti dien lugng ciia cic phuang in TD Pi ting Vi vgy tt^ng phin niy tic gia sg tinh toin, dua Chien, tir dua quan he giira gia trj chenh l?ch ket qui ve dg siu d§t nha miy hgp Iy nhit ve chi lgi ich quy vl hien tai (APWB) va gia s6 dim sau phi xay dyng ciing nhu lgi ich ve kinb tl nhi may xudng (AZ) Chgn cao trinb Zw"^ = MNDBTHB = 117m lim - Chenh l?ch ehi phi ciia cic phuang in TD Pi moc de tinh toan Tinh toin thuy nang va kinb tl Chien, hi dua quan he giira gii ttj chenh lech nang lugng ddi vdi cac ttirdng hgp: Zh,""" =117m cbi phi qui ve bien tgi (APWC) va gia sd dim siu Zh]"""=115m, Z h r " = l l m , Zhr"=112m, Zh,""" = nha miy xudng (AZ); dong tbdi dua quan be gia llOm, Zh,"""=108m, Zh,"""=106m, Z h r " = m , tri chanh lech hien tai rdng thu dugc giifa cic Zy""" = 102m Can cur vio ket qui tinh toin thiiy phuang an (AA^P W = ANWB - ANWC) v i gia sd nang ctia TD P i Chien ddi vdi timg trudng hgp dim siu nba miy xudng (AZ) Zhi""" tucmg irng de dua ra: Bang Bang tong hgp gia tri dien luang cita cac phirang an Thong so Cao trinh muc nuoc nho nhat Don vj 108 no 112 114 115 117 E, lO'kwh 83.05 82.83 82.38 81.89 81.23 80.42 79.34 78.80 77.25 E, Itfkwh 48.56 48.58 48.39 48.26 47.96 47.58 47.10 46.86 45.94 E„ lO'kwh 13.37 13.38 13.38 13.38 13.38 13.38 13.38 13.38 13 18 E,i lO'kwh 26.34 26.21 26.11 25.92 25.70 25.44 25.18 25.04 24.54 102 104 106 E,i lO'kwh 8.85 9.00 8.90 8.96 8.88 8.76 8.55 8.45 22 E, llfkwh 34.50 34.25 33.99 33.63 33.27 32.84 32.24 31.94 31.31 E,i lO'kwh 22.68 22.68 22.72 22.69 22.66 22.63 22.50 22 44 22 16 Ejk lO'kwh 9.79 9.59 9.40 9.15 8.89 8.60 8.27 11 7.83 Eik lO'kwh 2.04 1.98 1.87 1.78 1.72 1.61 1.46 1.39 1.32 T.B Ty d6ng 89.32 89.21 89.01 88.68 88.25 87.73 86 87 86.47 85 05 AB Ty dong 4.27 4.15 3.95 3.62 3.19 2.67 82 41 0.00 Gia trj AB tinh dugc d bang mdi ehi la Igi ich thu dugc hang nam, ta tinh Igi ich quy va hi?n tgi nhu Bang Bang bien thj quan hi giiia Z(m) 117 AZ(m) APWB (ty dSng) APWBvaAZ 115 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 2.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00 15.00 10.99 14.18 20.80 24.85 28.20 30.77 32.33 33.27 Bang Tong hap chenh lech chi phi ciia cac phuang Cflng vifc Be t6ng Don Gii thinh vi 10' dong dn Khoiluong 102 104 106 108 no 112 114 115 117 5774 5089 4558 4250 3941 3719 3307 3113 2862 36.07 m' 1250 D4o d^l 10'm' 22152 92.86 85.29 73.55 62.31 58.16 53.49 46 07 40.42 Diodi 10'm' 140000 204.3 162.7 127.5 95.87 74.41 55.69 39.43 24.94 15.05 Djp m' 19 15816 14120 12425 10729 9034 7550 5897 4372 3100 C4t thf p Tan 13886 346.4 305.3 273.5 255 236.5 223.1 198.4 186.8 139 Tine 42.99 35.54 29.21 23.86 20.09 16.87 13.54 10 96 48 AK (Ty done) 34.51 27.06 20.73 15.38 11.61 8.39 5.06 2.48 KHOA HQC Kf THII' dong) Hinhl BiSu dd quan hi giua APWB, APWC ANPWvdAZ Tir dd thj hinh ta thiy bat diu dim sau nha miy xudng thi chi phi ting len khdng dang ke cdn Igi ieh tang ian kha Idn Sau cang dim sau nha miy xuong thi chenh leeh ve chi phi cbo moi met dim sau cang ngiy cang Idn cdn chenh lech vl lgi ieh thu dugc cang giam Khi bat dau dim nha may xudng thi gia trj hien tai rdng (ANPW) cung tang kha nhanh va tdi gii tti AZ = 9m thi ANPW dat gia trj Idn-nhit (ANPW = 14.94 ty ddng) Vay dim nha may Pi Chiln xuong tham 9m so vdi mye nudc dang binh thudng ho Hoa Binh cho hi?u qui vl kinh te tdt nhit rV KET LUAN Viet Nam hien thiiy dien van chiem mgt ty trgng Idn va Ii ngudn cung cap di?n chu ylu, dac bi?t la vao cae gid cao diem Sy pbat ttiln ciia thity di?n da hinh nan he thdng thuy dien bac thang tren cac luu vyc sdng Trong be thong thiiy dien bie thang thi cd nhirng he thdng nha may thuy dien d bac tren khdng bj ngip ttong mye nudc hd bgc dudi (phuang in khdng nggp chin) va cung cd nhiing h? thdng nhi may thiiy dien bac tran nam Idng ho bac thang dudi (pbuong an ngip chan) Ve mat ly thuyet, bii bio da dua dugc cac khai niem vi each tinh ANPW, APWB, APWC de so sanh hi?u qua kinh te giua eac pbuong an ngip chan va khdng nggp chan ddng thdi dung eac gia trj de tim dugc dg dim sau nha may hgp ly nhit ciia nha may thiiy di?n bac thang tren Tir bai toan ly thuyet da neu ra, tic gii da ap dyng tinh toin cho I cdng trinh thyc tl: Nha may thuy di?n Pi Chian vi da tim dugc phuang an ngap chan cd Igi phuang in khdng nggp chin; dim nha miy Pa Chian xuong them 9m so vdi myc nude dang binh tbudng ho Hoa Binh cho hi?u qua ve kinh tl tot nhit Ket qua cita bai bao Ii ca sd dl cbo cic nha thiet ke tham khio de thiet kl, lya chgn phuang an doi nhi may h? tbdng tbiiy dien bgc thang tuong ty KHOA Hpc K? THUAT THOY LQI VA HOI TRI^INC - S6 42 (9/2013) TAI U$U THAM KHAO PGS.TS Vu Hiiu Hii, TbS Luang Nggc Giip (2011) "Ndng cao hieu qud khai thdc bdc thang thiiy diin song Dd hi thdng diin Viit nam" Tap cbi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe xay dyng, sd 10/9-2011 GS.TS Ha Vin Khdi (2008) "Thuy van cong trinh " Nbi xuat bin kboa bgc ty nbian va khoa hgc cdng ngh? Bg mdn Thuy dien (1974) "Gido trinh thuy ndng" NXB Ndng thdn DdThj Van Anb (2012) "Nghien ciru xdc djnh cao trinh cua nhd mdy thuy dien hi thdng thuy diin bgc thang" Luan vin eao bgc Eg Cdng thuang (2008) -quyit dinh sd 18/2008 QD-BCT ngdy 18 thdng ndm 2008 cua Bd Cong Thucmg dugc quy djnh thoai gian miia mua vd mua khd " Bg Cong thuang (2012) "quyil djnh sd 06/QD-DTDL ngdy 19 thdng 01 nam 2012 cua cue Uuang cue diiu Hit diin luc ban hdnh bieu gid chi phi trdnh dugc nam 2012" Summary APPROPRIATE ALTITUDE RESEARCH OF PA CHIEN HYDROPOWER PLANTS IN STAIRS HYDROPOWER SYSTEM Viemam today, hydropower still make un a large proportion and power supplies primarily, especially in the peak hours The development of hydropower formed stairs hydropower system on the river basin In stairs hydropower system, there are upper stairs hydropower system not to be submerged in the water level of under reservoir, or there are hydropower systems on the water level ofthe under stairs reservoir This article, author presenl how lo determine the appropriate altitude of hydropower plants in stairs hydropower system, applied lo Pa Chien hydropower plants This is a reference document to calculate, design for the same hydropower plants Key words: stairs hydropower, appropriate altitude, energy economy Ngu&i phdn biin: TS Nguyen VSn Son KHOA H(JC K? THUAT THUY L(f\ VA M | T R I / O N G - S6 42 (9/2013) BBTnhgn bdi: Phdn biin xong: 15/8/2013 24/8/2013 ... di?n, xac djnh cao trinh dgt nba miy dua phuang in la: D^t nha may khdng ngap Idng hd ciia bie thang dudi; Dgt nhi may ngap Idng bd ciia bgc thang dudi vi nau dgt nhi may Idng hd bac thang dudi thi... ylu, dac bi?t la vao cae gid cao diem Sy pbat ttiln ciia thity di?n da hinh nan he thdng thuy dien bac thang tren cac luu vyc sdng Trong be thong thiiy dien bie thang thi cd nhirng he thdng nha... dien bgc thang tuong ty KHOA Hpc K? THUAT THOY LQI VA HOI TRI^INC - S6 42 (9/2013) TAI U$U THAM KHAO PGS.TS Vu Hiiu Hii, TbS Luang Nggc Giip (2011) "Ndng cao hieu qud khai thdc bdc thang thiiy