Tap chl Khua Ih" ''''InMngDgi hgc Can Tha Phdn A Khoa hgc Tir nlnen Cong nghi vd Mdi tru&ng 29 (2013) ~6 S2 Tap chl Khoa hpc Tru''''dng Oai hoc Can Thd website sj ctu et^u vn DANH GIA KHA NANG SINH KHI CUA[.]
Tap chl Khua Ih" 'InMngDgi hgc Can Tha Phdn A Khoa hgc Tir nlnen Cong nghi vd Mdi tru&ng- 29 (2013): Tap chl Khoa hpc Tru'dng Oai hoc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.et^u.vn DANH GIA KHA NANG SINH KHI CUA ME U YEM KHI BUN DAY AO NUOI CA TRA THAM CANH VCTI ROHM SAU U NAM Le Nguyin Bang Chau', Nguyin Tnrang Thanh", Mai Nguyin Thanh Nhan^ va Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan' ' Hoc vien Cao hgc Qudn ly Mdi trudng Khoa Moi tnrdng vd Tdi nguyen Thien nhien Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Th ^ Khoa Mdi tnrdng vd Tdi nguyen Thien nhien, Tnrdng Dai hoc Cdn Tho ^ Sinh vien Ky thudt Mdi tntang, Khoa Mdi tnrdng vd Tdi nguyen Thien nhien, Tnrdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Thong tin chung: Ngdy nhdn: 23/05/2013 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 24/12/2013 Title: Evaluation biogas production from batch anaerobic of codigestion pangasianodon Hypophthalmus fishpond sludge and spent mushroom compost Tir khda: Biogas, biin ddy ao cd tra thdm canh, ram sau u ndm, u yim theo me Keywords: biogas batch anaerobic digester, fishpond sludge, spent mushroom compost ABSTRACT Sludge from the Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus fishpond and mushroom compost is amongst enormous wastes M'hich is rich of carbon and nitrogen in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta This study focuses on evaluating the biogas production from lab scale batch anaerobic of co-digestion pangasianodon hypophthalmus fishpond sludge and mushroom compost by 20L testing sets The mixing ratio for both input materials was calculated based on ratio of COD:N:P (defined by C:N ratio) that was suitable for anaerobic microorganism system Total five treatments were set up in different ratios of fishpond sludge and mushroom compost and 01 control treatment The volume of produced biogas and biogas components of all treatments was recorded at every days and in 60 continuous days The anaerobic process control parameters such as ambient temperature, pH and alkalinity were also recorded The testing results showed that the biogas production increased due to treatments with high C:N value Comparing to the control treatment, the biogas production were 126.6%, 151.3% 171.8% 213.5% and 298.6% corresponding to treatments with the C:Nratio of 20:1 25-1 30:1, 35:1 and40:1 respectively TOM TAT Hdng ndm d dong bdng sdng Ciru Long lugng bim ddy ao nudi cd tra thdm canh vd ram sau u ndm Id nhihig ngudn thdi gidu nita vd cacbon dua vdo mdi trudng vdi sd lugng ldn Thi nghiim u yim klii theo me hdn hgp biin ddy ao nudi cd tra thdm canh vd ram sau u ndm dugc liin hdnh nhdm khdo sdt khd ndng sinh biogas diiu bin phdng ihi nghiem vdi binh u 20 L Phdi trdn hai logi nguyin liiu dua trin ty' le C:N ddng thdi kiim tra ty li COD;N:P toi uu cho hogt dgng ciia hi vi khudn yim me u The tich biogas vd phdn trdm thdnh phdn (CHj, COi khdc) dugc dgc ngdy/ldn sudt 60 ngdy thi nghiim, vdi nghiim thiec dugc phdi trdn tu hai logi nguyin lieu, citng vdi nghiim thuc ddi chimg (chi it biin ddy ao cd tra thdm canh) Cdc yiu td dnh hudng din qud trinh u nhu nhiit dd phdng pH, dg kiim ciia me u dugc ghi nhgn hdng ngdy Kit qud thi nghiim cho thdy phdi Iron hai logi nguyin liiu bim day ao nudi cd tra thdm canh vd ram sau it ndm, khd ndng sinh biogas tdng ti le thuan vdi tyje C:N cua me u So vdi nghiim thdc ddi chimg, thi Hch sinh tdng ldn liroi Id 126,6%, 151.3%, 171,8% 213,5% vd 298.6% tuang img vdi cdc nghiim thuc CO li'liC:N Id 20;I, 251 301 35-1 vd 40:1 76 Top chi Khoa bgc Tnrang Dgi bgc Can Tho Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhien Cong iigb? va Mot tru&ng 29 i2013i 76-82 B^TVANBE Ca da fron dugc nudi thdm canh frong be hoic frong ao vd sii dung hoan toin thiic in chl biln se thdi lugng thiic in diira (dudi dgng bun) tnrc tiep vao moi truang sdng rach hodc ao nudi (Nguyen Thanh Phuong, 1998) Theo Ll Bdo Ngpc (2004) frong h | thdng nudi cd tra tham canh tdi lugng N vi P du thua ting tfaeo sy gia tdng khdi lugng binfa quin ciia cd Dinh dudng tich IQy frong cd Ian lugt Id 65,4%N, I6,8%P vi thii mdi truong la 34,6%N va 83,2%P Binh qudn dl sin xudt kg ca fra can 69,9 g N vd 11,3 g P, nhung Igi thii mdi trudng 23,2 g N va 8,66 g P Theo quy hoach phat trien den nam 2020, sdn lugng cd fra nudi frong tgi DBSCL se la 1.850.000 tin thi lugng chit thii urong ling 42.920 tin N vi 16.021 tin P Theo dy bao cda Bd Ndng nghiip va Phat frien Nong thdn, nira 2015 san lugng Itia d viing DBSCL se tdng lln 20.800 nghin tdn, ndm 2030 la 21.000 nghin tin Vdi sin lugng lua dy bdo nira 2015 thi lugng ram rg udc tinh tuong iing sin sinh li 20.800 tin Hdng nam, moi dit liia cao san d DBSCL da cho rapt lugng ram rg rat ldn tir 10 din 15 tdn/ha (trung binh mdi tin Iiia c6 tdn rara rg) (Nguyen Bio VI va Nguyin Thdnh Hoi, 2008) Can cii fren ham lugng cacbon co rom sau li nim vd ham lugng nito cd biin diy ao nuoi ca fra thira canh Thi nghiem dugc riln hdnh phdi frOn dya trin ty 11 C:N thich hgp cho me Ci yem Nhu viy, biin thii tir day ao nuoi ci fra thdm canh vd rom sau ii nim se li ngudn nguyin Ii?u vdi ngudn duong chat ddi ddo va so lugng thdi bd ldn dugc tdn dung dl ii yim kfai tfaeo me sinh biogas PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Chuan bi thi nghiim Bim thii tir day ao nudi cd tra thim canh dugc thu tgi xa Tan Ldc, quan Thot Ndt, Thanh phd Cdn Tho Bun dugc bao qudn bin 500 L va dugc khudy diu ddng nhdt frudc phan tich cic dudng chat Rom sau ii ndm rom thu gom tir cic ho din frdng ndm ram tai qudn O Mdn, Thanh Cdn Tho vdo vy He Thu dugc phoi bong mat din frpng lugng khdng ddi Sau dd cat ngdn khoang 1^2 cm vd frdn deu de dupe hdn hgp ddng nhat trudc phin tich cdc dudng chit Bp thi nghiim li yim theo ml dugc chi tgo tir thung nhua dung tich 20 L ndi vdi tiii nhdm thu biogas thong qua ing nliua Tit cd cac khdp nil ciia bp thi nghiim dugc gdn dira cao su nfadm dim bdo kin nude vd kin kfai ciia he thing Hinfa 1: B$ thi nghiim ii yem kfai tbeo me 2.2 Bo tri thi ngfailm Cac thi nghiem dugc bo tri tgi Phdng thi nghiera Xii Iy chat thai ran - Khoa Mdi trudng vi Tai nguyin Thiin nhiin - Trudng Dai hpc Can Tho M6i ngfailm thirc thi nghiim dugc Igp lgi lan vdi cdc thdng sd nfau frinh bay d Bdng Bang 1: Cic thdng si bo tri thi nghidm Nghifm thirc C:N NTDC 9:1 NTl 20:1 NT2 25:1 NT3 30:1 NT4 35:1 NTS 40:1 Rom kho (g) Bim (L) 57,52 94,25 141,13 202,82 287,64 - Cic nghiem tfairc dugc sap ddt ngau nhiin dl dara bao tinh khach quan bd fri thi nghiem Cdc binh ii dupe lac hang ngiy dl nguyin li|u dugc frdn deu trinh tao ving noi, ddng thdi tdng khd nang phin huy Cac nghiim thiic li yem theo rae dugc theo doi lien tuc fron^ vong 60 ngiy Thi rich biogas sinfa (do bang dong hd RITTER cd dp cfaia nho nhit niL) vd phdn (sir dyng may Geolechnical Instruments GA94 sai sd 0,5-^3,0%) dugc ghi nhin radi 04 ngiy/lan sudt thdi gian thi nghiim KET QUA VA THAO LU-^N 3.1 Cac yeu to anh hirdng den qua trinh ii yem 3.1.1 pH Theo cac nghiin ciiu cua Ngd Ki Suong va Nguyen Lan Dung (1997), pH la ylu td gdp phdn Tgp chi Kboa hoc Tnrdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A Khoa hgc Tyr nhien Cdng nghe vd Mdi tru&ng 2912013/: quan frpng ddi vdi boat ddng sdng cua vi kfauin sinfa kfai melfaane, gidi ban pH thich hgp cho cic vi khudn sinfa melfaane tdn tai vd phdt trien Ii 6,5-^ 7,5 Nfau vdy, gid tri pH trudc vd sau xii ly ciia cdc me ii tfai ngfailm frong kfaoang 6.65-^.98 Id nam frong gidifagnthichfagpcfao sy pfait triln ciia vi sinh \ at Bang 2: Gia tri pH cna cac ngfaifm thuc Ngfailro thuc NTDC NTI NT2 NT3 NT4 NT5 Tnrfrc lir ly 6.84 6,73 6.69 6,69 6.65 6,72 Saa xir ly 6.98 6,84 6.72 6.80 6.67 6.83 3.1.2 Dgkiem Dp kilra li sd khd ning tnrag hda axit cd frong nudc, cic fapp chdt kilm frong nudc nhu bicacbonat, carbonat vd bydroxit loai bd cdc ion H* vi gidm axit ciia nudc frong dd bicacbonat la dgng dp Idem cbu ylu Dp kilm dugc xera Id dtmg dicfa cdfr'nfadem de giir pH kfadng giim nfaieu dua nfairng chdt cd tinfa axit vdo frong nudc Theo Ll Hodng Viet (2003) dp kiem cua hdm li can phdi dugc giii d kfaodng 100(H-5000 mg/L di tgo kfad ning dim tdt cfao nguyin lieu ngp Bang 3: Bp kilm cua cac nghiem thirc Nghidm TruB'c xii K SaD xir ly tbirc (msCaCOi/L) (meCaCOj/L) NTDC 1767 1867 NTl 1833 1933 NT2 1900 2069 NT3 2067 2200 NT4 2166 2367 NTS 2267 2663 Kit qui pfadn tich cho thdy dp kilm trudc kfai xur ly ciia cdc nghiem tfaiic dao ddng frong khoing 1767-^2267 mgCaCOj/L \ a ndm khoing dim thich fagp Sau qui trinfa li dp kilm cd kfamnh hudng tdng, dao ddng 1867 - 2663 mgCaCOs/ L Nguyin nfadn Ii d giai doan ciia qua trinfa phdn hu\' yim klu cfadtfairuco tao diinfa methane Id giai doan tfauy phin vi axil hda dd>' Id giai doan 6^ cfauyin fada cdc monomer duoc sinh d giai doan I tfadnh axit acetic, H; vd CO; 3.1.3 TileCOD:N:P Trong qud uinh tfai ngfailm nguyen lieu dugc sii dung Id bim ddy aa cd ham lugng chdt ran rat tfadp nen dl dim bdo ti le dinh dudng pfaCi hgp cbo me li cin phdi xet den ti le COD:N:P Tfaeo Chemicfaaro (2007) ty 11 tdi uu cho cdc qua frinh lln men yim kfai ddi vdi cic ngudn thai gidu hydratcacbon nhu tfai ngfailm ndy Id COD:N:P = 350:5:1 Bang 4: Ti le COD:N:P ciia hon hgp a dda vao Ngfailm thirc COD:N:P NTDC 350:26:02 NTl 350:27:02 NT2 350:29:03 350:32:05 NT3 350:37:08 NT4 350:43:12 NT5 Ti 11 dinfa dudng COD:N:P eiia cac fami hgp trude kfai xii 1> cao faon so vdi nfau cdu \ I dinfa dudng cho sy boat ddng ciia vi sinfa vdt nin rae ti khdng can bd sung tbem dudng chat J Kha nang sinb biogas d cac ngfailm thuc 3.2.1 Thdi diim sinli kid cue dgi ciia me it Tfae tich kfai biogas sinh d cdc n ^ l r a thiic dugc vdi cfau ky ngiy/Idn suot tfadi ^an thi nghiem Kit qud gfai nhgn eho thdy thi rich kfai biogas bien thien kfadng on dinh sudt qua trinfa tfai nghiem nhin cfaung 12 ngiy ddu the ticfa biogas sinfa cdn diap, sau tang cao va dat cue dgi d thu 16 (rieng NT^C \ a NT4 dat cyc dai d ngdy thii 20) Sau dd the tich biogas d cac nghiera thiic cd xu hudng giam vd Igi tang cao d ngdy thii 36 rdi tiep tyc gidm tfaap d ngdy tfaii 40 Din ngdy thii 44 tang va sau lgi gidm d ngi; thu 48 Din diu 52 the tich biogas Igi tdng trd lai nhung tdng it rdi giam ve sau The tich biogas sinfa d cdc ngfailm thiic cd xu faudng giam tfaeo thoi gian lugng rom sau u nam dugc sii dung khdc giiia cdc nghiem thiic nen cfaat hiiu ca da bi phdn huy kfadng ddng deu nin lugng kfai sinh kfaic blpt giiia cdc ngfailm thue Tap chi Khoa hoc Tru&ng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha PlidnA Khoa bpc Tu nbien Congnghe va Moiinrang- 29 (2013)- ~6-S2 Thi iicfa kbi (IBI) 350() -, 3000 Hinfa 2: The tich biogas sinb -^^^ theo chu ky 200c 1500 1000 so phdn hiiu co khd phan hiiy nguyen lilu li The tich Thoi gian 3.2 Nghiem Ihuc sinh biogas lot nhdt Nghiem til ire biogas ci^ me u cue Dl lira nghiera thiic nao cfao kit qud sinh dai (tnL) dai(ngav) s tot nhit tien hanh so sinh kha ning sinh NTDC 114S 20 frln I k^ ODM phin hiiy giira cdc nghiem tfaiic vdi NTl 1230 16 Kit qua nang suit sinh cho thiy tdng Ihl NT2 1615 16 tich kfai biogas sinh ti le thuin vdi kfadi lugng NT3 1840 16 ODM; ndng suit tang din theo tl le phoi frdn NT4 221s 20 dao dpng tir 0,17^0.28 m^ biogas/kg ODM phan NTS 3220 16 huy*ngay Theo Ll Hoing Viet (2005) nang suit Trong sudt qud trinh thi nghiera, cac nghiim sinh ciia cdc nguyin lilu biln thiin theo che dp thiic dugc lac ddo di tdng ndng phan hiiy cac ngp dilu kiln radi trudng frong me u Ngudi ta chit huu CO vl theo Nguyin Quang Khai (2009) udc tinh cd khoang 0,2-^1,11 m^ biogas dugc vile khuiy dio hdn hpp u cd tdc dung tang sin sinh tir mpt kg vdt chdt khd ciia nguyin li|u nap lugng lln ding kl, nd ddm bao cho nguyin lieu Mit khac, theo NAS (1997) (trich bdi Ll Hodng chua pfaan hiiy tilp xiic dugc vdi vi khuan Khuay Viet, 2005) kha nang sinh ciia Ii cay tinh fren ddo cung ngdn ngira syfainfatfaanfa cic cgn ba frong long cdc chat ran la 0,5 m^/kg*ngay Theo Nguyin bl phan huy (Fabien Monnet, 2003) Tuy nfailn, Quang Khai (2001) nang suat sinh kfai ciia ram rg vi|c lugng kfai sinh van cdn tdng mpt vdi dgt kho la 1,5-2 mVg nguyin lilu tuai*ngay sau chu ky tang cyc dai cd the la tdn tai mdt Bang 6: Ndng su^t sinh mii ciia cac nghiim tfauc Bang: The tich va tbdi gian khf sinh cue dgi Nghigm thuc NTBC NTl NT2 NT3 NT4 NTS Ting the tich biogas (m''*10"Vngay) 0,13 0,17 0,20 0,23 0,28 0,40 ODMphai,i,uy(kg*10-Vngay) 0,85 0,97 1,04 1,14 1,27 1,44 Ning suit sinh kfai biogas (m Vngiy*kg ODM phan hiiy) 0,16 0,17 0,19 0,20 0.22 0,28 lieu cd nhieu nito va il cacbon, theo Ngd Kl Suong Ket qua thi nghiem cho ndng suit thap hon va Nguyin Lin DGng (1997) frong rae li yem so vdi kit qud nghiin ctiu ciia Bilitewski et al CO du nito thi cacbon nhanh chdng fai sir dyng (2000) frich bdi Erailia den Boer et al (2005) vdi hit vi sy lln men ciing bi dimg Iai, dd nlu cung nang suit sinh kfai 0.48^.96 m'/kg ODM Tuy cap du nguon cacbon cho me ii se lam tang nhiin kit qua thi nghiem lai tuong ty vdi nghiin nang sinh cho me u Nhu vay, ddi vdi nhthig ciiu ciia Fricke et al (2002) fricfa bdi Emilia den nguyen lieu thira nita can phai phdi frdn them Boer et al (2005), Michael Winter va Matt Lobley nhung nguyen lieu cd nhilu cacbon dl tgo can (2009) vi cao han so vdi kit qui nghiin ciiu bing cho vi sinh vat phat triln Tuy nhiin, viec nap Nguyin Quang Khii (2001) qua nhieu cacbon se de giy nghet me u cacbon can mpt khoing thai gian du dai de phan hiiy hit Biin day ao ca fra thim canh la nguon nguyen Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dai bgc Cdn Tlio 3.2.3 Phan A Kboa hgc Tu nhien Cong nghi vd Mdi tnt&ng: 29 (2013i Thdi gian tdn luu cita me it Thdi gian ton luu ciia rae li la thdi gian nguyen lieu ndm thilt bi ii yera Chinfa frong khodng tfadi gian nguyen lieu bi phan hiiy va sinfa biogas Vdi che dp nap theo me thi thdi gian ton luu chinh li then gian tir liic nap nguyin lilu din Iiic lay nguyin lieu Theo Le Hodng Viet (2005) nlu thdi gian tdn luu ngan cdc vi khuin khdng phin huy kip nguyin lieu, cdn thdi gian tdn luu dii tfai tich luy nhieu can lang Thdi gian tdn luu tdi uu biln thien tir l(H-60 6-82 Kit qua cho thdy tir ngiy 40 tdt cd cac nghiem thiic cd thiticfasinfa lai so vdi tdng tfal tich ticfa IGy gidra dong loat dudi 10% Tir ngdy 44 den ngiy 60 cd tang trd lai nfaung khdng dang kl so vdi 40 vd cfing dudi 10% Viec cho thdy neu keo dii thdi gian tdn luu din 60 ngdy thi tdng Ihl ticfa kfai sinh frong 20 ngiy tdng tfalm Id khdng nhieu ddng thdi pfadn fram sinfa cung khdng ldn (< 10%) Diiu cdn dan din vile ting the tich hdra li Nhu vay thdi gian tdn luu ciia me ii toi da la 40 Id hgp ly Phan tram Hinh 3: Phan tram the tich biogas sinh so vdi tong tfal tich ticfa lily Tlwigan 56 3.2.4 Tiidnh phdn biogas Theo Ll Hoang Viet (2005) tfaanfa phan % ciia biogas sdn sinh tir nguyen lieu bim, phe pfadm ndng nghiep cd CYU chilm 55-65%, CO2 chiim 35^45% N2 khoang 3%, H2 khoang l%i vd H:S khoing 1% Mat khdc, tfaeo Nguyen Quang Khai (2009), Ngd Ke Suong va Nguyin Lin Dung (1997) thi bim lugng CRi chiim 50-70%, CO2 chiim 35-45%, N2 khoang 3%, H; khoing 3%, H2S khoing 3% vd O2 khodng 3% Trong dieu kiln vi sinh vat boat dpng kera thi thdnh pfaan kfai CH4 bj gidm 4CH-50% Ngoai tfaanfa phdn biogas phu thupc 60 (may) vdo logi nguyen lieu, dien bien cdc qua trinfa sinh hpc, thdi gian phdn hiiy va nhiet dp mdi frudng Kit qua dac thdnh phin cua cic nghiem thiic cho thdy: Thanh phdn kfai CH4 ciia cdc nghiem thiie dao dpng tu 52.89 - 54,29% Thanh phan CO2 ciia cac nghiera thiic dao dpng rii 35,11 ^ 39,07% Thanh phin CH4 kfai tfaap so vdi cic tai li|u tfaam khao co thi rara cd chira celluloza kit hgp vdi lignin vi heraicelluloza dl tgo mot ciu tnic sgi gd phiic tap khd phan huy (Nguyen Quang Kfaai vi Nguyin Gia Lugng 2010) 100% - 90%-JII D khi'khic 70% Hinfa 4: Pfaan tram tfaanh phan biogas caa cic nghidm thurc • C02 60% J | I3CH4 '.sa^ ^liibl Tgp chi Khoa bgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A - Kboa hgc Tu nbien Cong ngh? vd Moi tru&ng: 29 (2013): "6-82 KET LU^N VA BE XUAT Sau 60 ngiy riin hanh tfai nghiim u yim theo ml hdn hop biin day ao nudi cd fra thim canh va ram sau li ndm vdi cac nghidm thirc khac tinh tfaeo ri Ie C/N, rapt si kit qua dupe ghi nhin nhu sau: - Khd ndng sinh biogas cua hon hgp biin day ao nudi ci tra tham canh va ram sau li ndm dugc cii thien ddng kl niu gia tang ti Ip phoi Iron ciia ram sau ii nim vdo hdn hpp li yem kfai So sinh vdi nghiem thirc ddi chiing chi ii biin day ao, tfal tich sinh biogas ciia cdc nghiim thirc phdi frdn dat 126,6%, 151,3%, 171,8%, 213,5% va 298,6% tuang ling vdi cdc nghiera thiic co ty II COD:N:P Id 350:27:2, 350:29:3, 350:32:5, 350:37:8 vi 350:43:12 Thanh phan biogas dao ddng vdi ham lugng CH4 rii 52,89-54,29% va CO2 tir 35.11-39,07% - Nang suit sinh biogas dao dpng tir 0,170.28raVkgODM phan hiiy*ngay Thdi gian phan hiiy cac hgp chit him co cho lugng biogas cyc dai Id 16 ngay, cd the keo dai den 20 ngdy Thdi gian tin Iim tdi da cua me li phoi frpn rom sau li nara vi biin day ao cd fra thdra canh ngp dieu kien ii yim hoat ddng theo ml la 40 Mot si 6e nghi giup hoin thien hon kit qud nghiin ciiu: - Thi nghiera niy chi tap trung vao ddnh gii kha nang sinh cua cdc rae li phdi frpn ma chua dinh gia cic thdng sd d nhiera vl mat dudng chat vi vi sinh cdn tdn tai ciia ba thdi diu Can tilp tyc mpt sd nghien ciiu dk ddnh gia cic thdng so d nhiem ndy nhdm dinh gid dugc chit lugng ba thai ddu - Bd fri thi nghiem trin md hinh Idn hon dl thi tich sinh frln cao hon nham nit ngdn chu ky do, han che anh hudng cua cac ylu td radi trudng tru dai Bd fri thira thi nghiim nap theo ban fain tuc, hodc lien tyc di cd kit luin long quat hon trudc kfai friin khai vdo thyc te TAI LIEU THAM KHAO AWV^A-APHA, 1995 Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (19 ed.) Washington DC USA: American Public Health Association Araerican Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Confrol Federation ChemicharoCAL, 2007.v4nflero6ic reactors IWA Publishing, London, UK Emilia den Boer, Jan den Boer Johannes Jager, Julio Rodrigo, Montse Meneses, Francesc Castells vd Lothar Schanne, 2005 Deliverables 3.1 & 3.2: Environmental sustainability criteria and indicators for waste management The Use of Life Cycle Assessment Tool for the Development oflntegrated Waste Management Sfrategies for Ciries and Regions with Rapid Growing Economies LCA-IWM Fabien Monnet, 2003 An introduction to anaerobic digestion of organic wastes Truy cap tai frang web http://www.biogasiiiax.co.uk/media/ infroanaerobicdigestion_073323000_ 101 l_24042007.pdf Truy cap 1/9/2011 Ll Bao Ngpc, 2004 Ddnh gid chdt luang mdi trudng ao nudi cd Tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus) thdm canh dxa Tdn Lgc, huyin Thdt Ndt, Thdnh phd Cdn Tho Lugn vdn Thac si chuyin nganh Khoa hpc Moi trudng, Trudng Dai hpc Cin Tho Le Hoing Viet, 2003 A^guyen/y cdc gwy tr'inh xu ly nudc thdi Giao trinh Dgi hpc Cdn Tho, frang 156 Ll Hoang Viet, 2005 Qudn ly vd xu ly cbdt thdi hiru co Giao trinh Dai hpc Cdn Tho, frang 55-66 Michael Winter vi Matt Lobley, 2009 What is landfor? * the food, fuel and climate change debate ISBN: 978-1-184407-720-5, page 119 Ngo Ki Suong vi Nguyin Ldn Dung 1997 Sdn xudt dot (Biogas) bdng ky thudt lin men ky Nha xuit bdn Ndng nghiip frang 60-75 Tgp chi Kboa bgc Truang Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phan A: Kboa bpc T{r nhiin Cong ngh? vd Mdi tru&ng 29 (2013): 76-82 10 Nguyin Bao VI v i Nguyen Thanh Hdi, 2008 Vl ram rg gdy ngd dgc hiru ca cho cdy liia Truy cgp tai trang web http://www.agpps-com.vn/index.php7option =com_content& task=view&id=359 Truy cap ngdy 7/5/2010 11 Nguyin Ldn Dung 2011 Ndng ddn dot ram rg sau thu hogch: Thiiu hiiu biit vd lang phi ldn Truy cap tgi trang web http://haiphongonline.net/blog/2011/07/10/ Nong-dan-dot-rom-ra-sau-thu-hoach-Thieufaieu-biet-va-lang-pfai-lon-2060355/ Truy cap 05/8/2011 12 Nguyin Quang Kfaii vi Nguyen Gia Lugng, 2010 Cdng nghe sinh hgc chuyen khdo Nha xuit bin KhoafapcTy nhiin vi Cdng ngfal 13 Nguyin Quang Kfaai, 2009 Cong nghi sinh hgc Nhi xudt bin Lao ddng Xa h^i, frang 13-20 14.Nguyen Thanh Phuang, 1998 Cage culture of Pangasius catfish in Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Lu|n van Tiln sT National Isstitute Polytechnique of Toulouse, France ... Khd ndng sinh biogas cua hon hgp biin day ao nudi ci tra tham canh va ram sau li ndm dugc cii thien ddng kl niu gia tang ti Ip phoi Iron ciia ram sau ii nim vdo hdn hpp li yem kfai So sinh vdi... 3.2 Nghiem Ihuc sinh biogas lot nhdt Nghiem til ire biogas ci^ me u cue Dl lira nghiera thiic nao cfao kit qud sinh dai (tnL) dai(ngav) s tot nhit tien hanh so sinh kha ning sinh NTDC 114S 20... Sau 60 ngiy riin hanh tfai nghiim u yim theo ml hdn hop biin day ao nudi cd fra thim canh va ram sau li ndm vdi cac nghidm thirc khac tinh tfaeo ri Ie C/N, rapt si kit qua dupe ghi nhin nhu sau: