Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnrang Dai hpc Cdn Tho Phdn 4 Khoa hpc Tir nhien Cong ngh? vd Moi Inrang 28 l20l3i 38 46 • ••x Tap chf Khoa hpc Tru''''dng Dai hoc Can Thd website sj ctu edu vn SU" DUNG VAT LIEU BJA PHU[.]
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnrang Dai hpc Cdn Tho •_ ••x Phdn 4: Khoa hpc Tir nhien Cong ngh? vd Moi Inrang: 28 Tap chf Khoa hpc Tru'dng Dai hoc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn SU" DUNG VAT LIEU BJA PHU'ONG E LOAI DAM VA LAN TRONG NU'dC THAI CHE BIEN THUY SAN Le Anh Kha', Pham Viet Nir' va Co Thj Kfnh' ' Khoa Mdi trudng & Tdi nguyen Then nhien Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Thdng tin chung: Ngdy nhdn: 01/05/2013 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 29/10/2013 Title: Using local materials as attached media for microorganism for nitrogen and phosphate removal in seafood processing wastewater Tdkhda: Xii- ly mrdc thdi, nitrate hda kbit nitrate, hdp phu ldn, nuac thdi che bien thuy sdn Keywords: Wastewater treatment, nitrification, denitrification phosphorus adsorption, seafood processing wastewater ABSTRACT This research was carried out in order to treat nitrogen and phosphate in seafood processing wastewater for preventing eutrophication of receiving water bodies A continuous treatment system was established based on nitrification, denitrification and phosphate adsorption processes by microorganisms in attached media made from local materials including porous concrete blocks and acid sulfate soil Results showed that the porous concrete blocks were a suitable media for attached-growth microorganism which performed denitrification reaction It was recorded that this treatment system was capable of removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus of 89.7% and 82.1% respectively The indicated effluent quality for total nitrogen, nitrogen, phosphate, and total phosphorus reached the national technical regulations on the Effluent of Aquatic Products Processing Industry (QCVN 11:2008/BTNMT, column A) TOM TAT De tai dugc thuc hien vdi muc tieu logi bd dgm vd ldn nudc thdi che biin thiiy sdn trudc dua vdo mdi trudng tu nhien nhdm ngdn ngira su phii dudng hda Mgt hi thong xit ly lien luc dugc bo tri vdi vdt lieu tyr chi su dung cdc khdi bi tdng rdng vd ddt phen Id gid the cho cdc vi sinh vdt thyc hiin cdc phdn ung nitrate hda, khu nitrate vd hdp phu ldn nudc thdi cua nhd mdy chi biin thuy sdn Kit qud nghien cuu cho thdy cdc khoi bi tdng Id vdt liiu lot de ldm gid the cho vi sinh vgt bdm vd thirc hiin phdn ung khu nitrate He thdng dgt hiiu sudt xu ly dgm vd ldn trung binh ldn luat dgt 89.7% vd 82.1% Chdt lugng nudc thdi ddu thdng qua cdc chi tieu nhu tdng dgm nitrate, phosphate vd tdng ldn deu dat quy chudn Viit Nam doi vdi chdt luang nuac thdi cdng nghiip che bien thiiy sdn (QCVN11:2008/BTNMT loai A) GIOI THIEU Cling voi sy phdt trien chung eua nganh nudi thuy sdn d cac nudc, nganh che bien thuy san d Viet Nam phit triln rat nhanh chdng Bin canfa nhihig lgi ich Id mang vi ngufin ngogi tl ldn nhd xudt khiu va cung cdp mdt luang thyc phim quan frpng cho nhu cau xa hdi, nganh cfal biln thiiy hii sin cung phdt thii nliilu chat thai Die tinh cua nudc thai nginfa cfai biin tfauy sin chira nfaiiu chit hiJu CO vd dinh dudng cao (dam va lin), tgo dieu kien thuan loi cho hiln tupng phu duong cac thuy vyc Sy phat trien manh, chet di va phan huy xic cua cac loai thyc vat philu sinh nhu tio se phdng thich cac dfic tfi lam anh huong din doi sdng thuy sinh vgt John Rodgers (2008) Sy phin huy cac chit hitu cofrongnudc lam tieufaaolugng ldn ngudn oxy frong thuy vuc gay su thiiu hut oxj' vdi cic loai ca, tdm va cac thuy sinh vat khic Tap clli Kboa bgc Tnr&ng Dai bgc Cdn Tho Pb^n A Kboa hoc Tu nhien Cong nglie vd Mdi tnrang- 28 (2013/: 38-46 Hiln da cd rit nhilu ngfailn ciiu vl van de XIT ly ham lupng dam vi ldn cao frong nudc thai bang cic bi|n phdp khac nhu phucmg phip hda ly Tuy nhiin, nhiing phuang phdp td khdng cd nhilu uu diim vi nd co thi tgo cac sin phim fi nhilm thii cdp ma cic chit dfii rat khfi khan va tdn kem dl xir ly Green vi Shelef, (1994) Theo Halling-Sarensen va Jargensen (1993), Metcalf va Eddy (2003), Luong (2002) cac phucmg phip xir ly dinh duong dam vd lan frong nudc thai nhu: hap phu, frao dfii ion, khu iiiia sinh hpc (cd gii bam hogc biin hoat tt'nh), khu nifrate hoa hpc, thdm thdu nguac, dien thim tach va khu xiic tic li nhihig phuong phdp cd the logi bd nitrate frong nudc Trong phuang phip xii ly bang phuang phap sinh hpc cd gii bim vd su dyng vat lilu hip phy cd im thi ve hieu qua xu 1>' chi phi thdp va de van hanh Nghiin cmi cua Ll Anh Kha vi Masayuki Seto (2003) cho thay cdc khoi bl tdng rong va dat nung li cac vgt lilu gii bira vd hap phu rat hieu qua de loai bd dam va lan frong nuoc thai Theo Drizo et al (1999) vi Herman 2007 mdt sd chat nhu bd xit, da phien set dit set, khoang va than li nhOng vit li|u co ning hdp pfau hieu qua ldn frong nudc thai Do thdnh phan cdc vgt lieu niy cd chua khoing chit cd cic ion sat va nfadm hogt dpng ho$c cdc nhdm oxit tren be mat cd the phan irng vdi ion phosphate tgo cdc hpp chat kit tua chiia phosphate va de ding logi lin khdi he thdng Theo Ll Anh Kha vi Masayuki Seto (2003), SLi dyng khfii be tdng vi hgt dat nung cd thi logi bd dam frong nudc thai vdi hieu suit dat 85% Do do, nghien ciiu sii dung vdt lieu dia phuong dl xii ly dam va ldn nuac thai chl biln thuy sin da dupe tien hanh voi mue tieu sir dung cdc logi vit li|u don gian vdi chi phi thap va dl tim de lim gii the dung frong h | thdng xir ly dam va lin mrdc thai dya trin hogt ddng ciia cac vi sinh vgt bim dinh va phuang phap hdp phu nhien, Truong Dai hpc Cdn Tho Ngudn nudc that cdp cho thi nghiim li nudc thii tir nha may chi biin thiiy san Cafatex 2.3 Vat lieu nghien ciru Vdt liiu 1: Khdi be tdng rong dugc lam tir da (dudng kinh viin khoing 1-2 cm), xi mdng va cat Dd sau frpn vdi xi mdng vd cat dupe due thinh kfadi Igp phuang rong cd canfa khodng 10 cm (Hmh 1) Cich tao dp rong ciia kfadi bl tfing duoc thyc hiln bdng each trpn deu da 1-2 cm vdi hfin hpp long cit xi raing, sau d6 sip xip tiing vien da vdo mpt khuon gd hinh lap phuang cd canfa 10 cm cho khdi be tfing c6 dp rfing cao ma vdn ddm bao dugc dp chdc chin ciia kfadi be tfing, thyc hien bdng phuang phdp thii cfing nin cac khfii bl tdng cd dp rdng tuang ddi ddng nhdt Sy anh hudng cua dp rdng giua cac khdi bl tfing lln hieu qua xii ly co dfi biin ddng khfing ldp dd the hien qua cic sfi lieu thyc nghiem Cac khdi be tfing cd dp rong 37.5±2% dugc bfi tri vao he thdng vm ti sd the tich vat lieu so vdi thi tich bl xu ly la 75.5+4% Bl cip chfnh la bl nhya 300 lit li bl cip nudc thii ddu vao hi thdng xii ly Vgt Hiu 2- Dat nung, li loai dat phen dugc lay d huyen Diic Hda-Long An, mail dat dugc lay cich lop ddt mil khoang 40 cm Ddt sau thu dugc dem ve phong thi nghiim va frpn deu sau dfi tao thinh khoi try frdn cd chilu dai 1-4 cm, dudng kfnh 0,2-0.4 cm nung vdi nhilt dp 550°C frong gid (Hinh 2) Dit phen vdi ddc tfnh hinh thinh dilu kiln khii hay nung thiiu oxy, vdi phin cd ham lugng sat vd nhfim cao, loai vdt li|u niy cd tiem nang h ^ phu cdc dgng lin hda tan manh, do vat lieu dat phen nang dugc sy dung de bd tri lam vat lieu hap phy lin frong nudc thai PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1 Phuvng tiln nghien ciru Cac dung cy bfi frf thf nghiem chinh bao gfim: - Bl nhya cd the tich 300 L bl composite co thi tfch 45 L v i i 000 L He thdng cung cdp dinh duong ty ddng Miy sue vi may bom chim 2.2 Dia diem nghien cuu Thi nghiim dupe tien hanh lgi Phdng thi nghiim Chat lugng mfii trudng Bp mdn Khoa hoc Moi tnrong Khoa Mdi tnrong & Tai nguyin Thien Hinh 1: V^t lieu kfadi be tong rong Tap chi Khoa bgc Tnrang Dgi hgc Cdn Tba Phdn 4: Kboa hoc Tu nhien Cong nghe vd Moi tnr&ng- 28 (2013): 38-46 m, be giii muc m, be dat nung 1,5 m, bl bl tdng m De tan dung ndng lugng ciia frgng lyc van chuyen nudc thai giua cac be nhdm tiet kiem ndng lupng cho viec bom nudc thai qua cdc be frong qud trinfa tfaf nghiim 2.4 Bo tri thi nghiem 2.4.1 Tien xir ly nudc thdi che biin thuy sdn trudc dugc diing di bo tri cdc thi nghiem Hinh 2: Vat li|u d^t phen nung Be giii myc, be 1, bi la hi composite cd thi tich khoang 35 lit Bl giu: muc Id bl composite c6 thi tich 35 lit cd gin phao gia myc de fin dmh lugng nudc dau vao cua h | thfing xii ly Bi vd bi Id cdc bl chiia vdt lieu bao gdm khdi bl tong rdng va ddt nung Cac bi diing thi nghiim dugc bo tri chenh l|ch theo dp cao so vdi mgt dat nhu sau: bl cip Nirac thai che bien thuy san Be tu hoai (be amon hoa) Nuo€ thai che bien thiiy sdn thd frude diing de bfi fri frong cae thi nghiem dugc tien xir ly qua giai doan bao gfim giai doan amdn hda (d bl ty hogi) va giai doan nifrate hda Qua giai doan arafin hda, phin ldn cac dgng dara huu ca dilu kiln yim kfai dugc cfauyen hda vl dgng NH4^ nlid qua frinfa amdn hda Sau do, nudc thai sau giai doan amdn hda dugc oxy hda bdng each syc de chuyin dgm amdn tfainh dam nifrate Sau giai doan ndy nudc thdi vdi thanfa phin dgm faien diln phdn lon la nifrate se dirge diing lam ngudn nudc thai diu vao ciia he thfing xii ly frong nghiin ciiu Be nitrate He thong khu Hinh 3: Tdm tdt cic bude tien xd ly nirdc thai tir nha mdy efae bien tfaiiy san Cafatex trirdc diing cic thi nghiem Do COD dau vao ciia h | thdng da gidm dang ke qua cdc giai dogn tien xit ly Metcalf va Eddy (2003) va George et (2003), phan img khii nifrate hda dl chuyin hda cac dgng dam nifrate thdnh nita la phan img xay nhd vai frd cua cac vi sinh vat ty dudng thieu B^ thyc hiln phin Omg niy, nifrate si dugc sii' dyng nhu Id chit nhdn di^n tir frong qua frinh tdng hgp ndng luong tir cac hgp chat chiia carbon mfii frudng dl cung cdp ndng lugng cho te bio va sin sinh tl bio mdi Theo dd, vfii die tinh ciia nudc thii ddu vio diing frong nghiin cuu cd ham lupng carbon rit thip, nin him lugng carbon tir dudng saccharose si dupe bd sung de cung cip thim ngudn ndng lupng cho cic vi sinh v^t hoat dOng vdi luu lupng la lit/gid 2.4.2 Thi nghiim xir ly mrdc thdi bdng hi thdng bi chira ddt phen vd bi be tdng Tiin hinh dgt thu nudc thii chi biin thiiy sin tir nha miy Cafatex Moi dgt thu nudc thii tir nhi miy cd tfainh phan nudc thai dau vdo khdc dupe thyc hi|n dpt nitrate hda Sau dd lien hanfa bd fri tfai nghiim kiem tra hi|u qud xii ly eiia he thfing voi lin lap lai tuong ling Thf nghiem dugc bd frf theo frinh ty bl chira ddt phen nung trudc, tiep den la be chiia cdc khfii be tdng rong Trinh ty bfi fri cac bl phin iing nhu frln li nhim thyc hien phan iing hdp phu ldn frong nudc thai frudc, sau thyc hien phdn iing kfaii nifrate hoa o giai dogn tiep theo dl logi dam khoi hi thdng Dilu kiln xir ly ciia he thfing: luu lugng lit/gid xac dinh bdng fing dong, phdn nudc thii cfaiim cfad frong bl pfaan iing sau kfai lay vat lieu khoang 40,0 L xac dinh bang fing dong, thoi gian tdn luu ciia he thfing khoang gid, ngufin carbon dl bfi sung vio fae tfafing dupe chpn li saccharose (dudng thyc phdm) Ca bl thf ngfailm diu dugc thucfaienfrongdieu kien thilu (khdng syc khi) Thi ngfailm dugc bd fri lap lai lan Kfai he thdng dgt frgng thii dn dinh thi lien hanfa thu mdu qua dot bfi frf thi nghiem Nudc thai ciia timg dgt thu tai xi nghiep sau xir ly sa bd tiln hanh cho qua he thfing nhu mfi td d Hinh Top chi Kltoa hoc Tnmng Doi hoc Cin Tha FMn A-Khoa hoc Tit nhin Cong nghe vo Moi Ittmtg^ 2S (2(111): iS-46 Be cap J Carbon Be giii muc at a&as2 I Biin dpng ham lugng chit hiiu ca h | thfing thi nghiim thfing qua chi tiiu COD dugc thi hien d Hinh Theo Hinh 5, cd tiii suy luin rdng vi sinh vdt cd thi dimg saccharose nhir la nguon carbon cho cac faoat dpng sdng cua chiing Ham lugng COD diu vdo (sau thu tir nhd may chl biin tiiuy sin) klioing 206,7 mg/L, COD sau giai doan tiin xii ly d bi (HK) la 15 mg/L, gia trj COD gidm mgnh sau giai dogn tiln xii ly la do: giai doan tiin xir ly bao gdm giai doan Id amon hod va nifrate hoi ci giai dogn deu tieu tfin rat nhilu ndng lugng cho vi sinh vit hoat dpng dl phan huy chdt huu CO gidi phong CHj frong giai dogn amdn hod vi CO2 giai doan nifrate hda lam cho ham lupng COD ciia nudc thai ban ddu gidm manh COD d nudc ddu chi cdn lai d miic khoing 40 mg/L la qua trinh xu ly he thfing cdn bd sung mpt ngudn carbon tir ben ngoai (Hinh 4) cho vi sinh v§t hoat dfing, lim cho COD tgi vi fri DNC tang lln hon 200 mg/L va lugng carbon ndy phin lon cung cip ndng lugng, mot phin dugc vi sinh vat hap thy lam tang mat sd vi sinh vat (Hinh 8) lugng sinh khdi niy gop phan lam cho COD dau khodng 40 mg/L Nlu tinh lugng COD dau vao bao gfim COD tir lugng carbon cung cap tii bin ngoai thi hieu suit xur ly COD cua he thfing dat tren 90% So sanh gid tri COD giiia cic cip HK vd DN DN va DNC, DNC vi BT cho thiy d cap DNC-BT cd sy sai khdc cd y nghia thfing kl (p: 3y^-46 3.2 Hi^u qua xir ly d?m, ldn va vi sinb qua he thdng thi nghiem 3.2.1 Hieu qud xu ly dgm Kit qud xii ly dgm qua cie giai doan frong he thfing xir ly nudc thai dugc trinh bdy qua Hinfa 6, cho thdy phdn ldn faam lugng dgm hiln dien frong nudc thai dau vao d dgng nifrate (NOj'-N) vdi ndng dp d miic khoang 45 mgN/L Sau qua be bl long ndng dp N-NO?" cdn khoang 1,9 mgN/L Tuong ty nhu d dgt ham lugng NHi" d miic rit thdp sau he thdng xir ly khoing 0.5 mgN/L Hieu sudt xu ly dam tnmg binh cita dgt bfi tri thi nghiem khoing 89,7% Vd haro lugng cdc chi tieu tdng dam \ i cac dang dgm ion (nitrate, nitrite va ammonium) diu ndm frong khoing cho phep ctia lieu chudn chat lugng nudc thai cfing nghiep che biin thiiy san tnrde kfai tfaii vio cic ngufin nuoc duge dimg cho muc diefa cip nudc sinh hoat (QCVNn:2008/BTNMT logi A) vd lilu chuin chdt lugng nudc mat dimg cho myc dich tudi lieu tiiuy lgi (QC VN08:2008/BTNMT, loai B1) Jl^ T n TN a N-N03- • N-.N02- D N-NH4+ Dgt O TN n N'-N03- D N-.\02- D N-NH4+ Hinfa 6: Ham lugng cic dang dam qua cac giai doan xu ly dot tfai nghiem So sinh gii tri cac chi tieu dam d dang ion vi tfing dgm giCta cdc cap HK va DN, DN vd DNC, DNC va BT d ca hai dgt cho thdy cap DN-DNC vi DNC - BT cd sy sai kfaic cd >' nghia thdng kl (p' giam ding kl di sau bi khii nifrate hoa frong cd bd sung gia tiii be tdng (BT) Diiu ndy cung cho thi\ dudng sacharrose cd hieu qua \ fro cung cap ngudn carbon cho hogt ddng cua cic \ i sinh vat di duong frong giai dogn khii nitrate hda, giiip qui frinh logi bd nifrate dien vdi hieu sudt cao Vdi hieu suit xii ly dam trung binh khoang 89,7% hdm lugng dam cdn lai dudi 10 mg/L khfii bl tdng td cd uu diim hon so vdi cac logi vgt lilu khic nhu vd ngheu vd sd cd hiiu qud xu ly dam ammonium la 90,83%, dgm nitrate li 64,03% (Biii Tnrong Tfag, 2008) 3.2.2 Hiiu qud xd ly ldn Hinh thi hien him lugng cic dgng lin bao gdra ion POj^, tdng ldn hda tan (TDP) vi tfing lan (TP) qua cic giai doan xir ly cua he thfing thi nghiem Hinh cho thdy vdt lilu dit nung cd vai fro quan frpng dl xir ly lan frong nudc thii, bi be tdng ciing ldm giim ndng dp cdc dgng ldn de ttiu, li vi sinh vit da sii dung vile tdng hgp te bio Hieu suit xii l>' ldn trung binfa ciia dgt bd tri thi ngfailm khoing 82.1% Qua qui trinh thyc nghiem vdt lieu td bin bi vi mil vdt ly mic dQ thdi gian thyc nghiim keo dii nhilu tfadng nhung vat lieu van giir nguyen hinh dgng va b'ch thudc ban ddu, tu>- nhien can kiem tra lgitinfachdt na\ trudc ip dung vdo cdc bi xir ly Ion frong thuc tl Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dai hgc Cdn Tha 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 Phdn A - Khoa hgc Tir nhien Cong nglie va Moi Inrang 28 (20!3/: 3S-46 In: ^-^ ' ; "I 2_0 - 0.5 • fl h S 3.0 2.0 I.O j - 4.0 - : 2.5 • 3-U 4-5 - S 1_5 • '- fffi^ iL 05 - : : |[;? m*fl m I L DTP DTDP ORP, • TP DTDP SRPI Hinfa 7: Hdm lupng lan qua cdc giai doan xir ly cua he thong xu ly qua dgt thi nghi|m thdng kl (p